Science Technology And Political Change

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The Only Constant Is Change

Author : Ben Epstein
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190699000
Total Pages : 273 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis The Only Constant Is Change by : Ben Epstein

Download or read book The Only Constant Is Change written by Ben Epstein and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-04-02 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the course of American political history, political elites and organizations have often updated their political communications strategies in order to achieve longstanding political communication goals in more efficient or effective ways. But why do successful innovations occur when they do, and what motivates political actors to make choices about how to innovate their communication tactics? Covering over 300 years of political communication innovations, Ben Epstein shows how this process of change happens and why. To do this, Epstein, following an interdisciplinary approach, proposes a new model called "the political communication cycle" that accounts for the technological, behavioral, and political factors that lead to revolutionary political communication changes over time. These changes (at least the successful ones) have been far from gradual, as long periods of relatively stable political communication activities have been disrupted by brief periods of dramatic and permanent transformation. These transformations are driven by political actors and organizations, and tend to follow predictable patterns. Epstein moves beyond the technological determinism that characterizes communication history scholarship and the medium-specific focus of much political communication work. The book identifies the political communication revolutions that have, in the United States, led to four, relatively stable political communication orders over history: the elite, mass, broadcast, and (the current) information orders. It identifies and tests three phases of each revolutionary cycle, ultimately sketching possible paths for the future. The Only Constant is Change offers readers and scholars a model and vocabulary to compare political communication changes across time and between different types of political organizations. This provides greater understanding of where we are currently in the recurring political communication cycle, and where we might be headed.

Information, Technology and Control in a Changing World

Author : Blayne Haggart
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030145409
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Information, Technology and Control in a Changing World by : Blayne Haggart

Download or read book Information, Technology and Control in a Changing World written by Blayne Haggart and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-06-21 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the interconnected ways in which the control of knowledge has become central to the exercise of political, economic, and social power. Building on the work of International Political Economy scholar Susan Strange, this multidisciplinary volume features experts from political science, anthropology, law, criminology, women’s and gender studies, and Science and Technology Studies, who consider how the control of knowledge is shaping our everyday lives. From “weaponised copyright” as a censorship tool, to the battle over control of the internet’s “guts,” to the effects of state surveillance at the Mexico–U.S. border, this book offers a coherent way to understand the nature of power in the twenty-first century.

Normal Accidents

Author : Charles Perrow
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 140082849X
Total Pages : 462 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Normal Accidents by : Charles Perrow

Download or read book Normal Accidents written by Charles Perrow and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2011-10-12 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Normal Accidents analyzes the social side of technological risk. Charles Perrow argues that the conventional engineering approach to ensuring safety--building in more warnings and safeguards--fails because systems complexity makes failures inevitable. He asserts that typical precautions, by adding to complexity, may help create new categories of accidents. (At Chernobyl, tests of a new safety system helped produce the meltdown and subsequent fire.) By recognizing two dimensions of risk--complex versus linear interactions, and tight versus loose coupling--this book provides a powerful framework for analyzing risks and the organizations that insist we run them. The first edition fulfilled one reviewer's prediction that it "may mark the beginning of accident research." In the new afterword to this edition Perrow reviews the extensive work on the major accidents of the last fifteen years, including Bhopal, Chernobyl, and the Challenger disaster. The new postscript probes what the author considers to be the "quintessential 'Normal Accident'" of our time: the Y2K computer problem.

The Rise of Nerd Politics

Author : John Postill
Publisher : Anthropology, Culture and Society
ISBN 13 : 9780745399836
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (998 download)

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Book Synopsis The Rise of Nerd Politics by : John Postill

Download or read book The Rise of Nerd Politics written by John Postill and published by Anthropology, Culture and Society. This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An anthropology of technology, protest and politics, from Podemos to Wikileaks.

Democracy and Technology

Author : Richard Sclove
Publisher : Guilford Press
ISBN 13 : 9780898628616
Total Pages : 356 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (286 download)

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Book Synopsis Democracy and Technology by : Richard Sclove

Download or read book Democracy and Technology written by Richard Sclove and published by Guilford Press. This book was released on 1995-07-28 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intended for anyone interested in democracy and public policy, social justice and empowerment, political economy and business or the social consequences of technology and architecture.

The Routledge Handbook of the Political Economy of Science

Author : David Tyfield
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1317412036
Total Pages : 487 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (174 download)

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Book Synopsis The Routledge Handbook of the Political Economy of Science by : David Tyfield

Download or read book The Routledge Handbook of the Political Economy of Science written by David Tyfield and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2017-04-28 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The political economy of research and innovation (R&I) is one of the central issues of the early twenty-first century. ‘Science’ and ‘innovation’ are increasingly tasked with driving and reshaping a troubled global economy while also tackling multiple, overlapping global challenges, such as climate change or food security, global pandemics or energy security. But responding to these demands is made more complicated because R&I themselves are changing. Today, new global patterns of R&I are transforming the very structures, institutions and processes of science and innovation, and with it their claims about desirable futures. Our understanding of R&I needs to change accordingly. Responding to this new urgency and uncertainty, this handbook presents a pioneering selection of the growing body of literature that has emerged in recent years at the intersection of science and technology studies and political economy. The central task for this research has been to expose important but consequential misconceptions about the political economy of R&I and to build more insightful approaches. This volume therefore explores the complex interrelations between R&I (both in general and in specific fields) and political economies across a number of key dimensions from health to environment, and universities to the military. The Routledge Handbook of the Political Economy of Science offers a unique collection of texts across a range of issues in this burgeoning and important field from a global selection of top scholars. The handbook is essential reading for students interested in the political economy of science, technology and innovation. It also presents succinct and insightful summaries of the state of the art for more advanced scholars.

Dreamscapes of Modernity

Author : Sheila Jasanoff
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022627666X
Total Pages : 363 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (262 download)

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Book Synopsis Dreamscapes of Modernity by : Sheila Jasanoff

Download or read book Dreamscapes of Modernity written by Sheila Jasanoff and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2015-09-02 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dreamscapes of Modernity offers the first book-length treatment of sociotechnical imaginaries, a concept originated by Sheila Jasanoff and developed in close collaboration with Sang-Hyun Kim to describe how visions of scientific and technological progress carry with them implicit ideas about public purposes, collective futures, and the common good. The book presents a mix of case studies—including nuclear power in Austria, Chinese rice biotechnology, Korean stem cell research, the Indonesian Internet, US bioethics, global health, and more—to illustrate how the concept of sociotechnical imaginaries can lead to more sophisticated understandings of the national and transnational politics of science and technology. A theoretical introduction sets the stage for the contributors’ wide-ranging analyses, and a conclusion gathers and synthesizes their collective findings. The book marks a major theoretical advance for a concept that has been rapidly taken up across the social sciences and promises to become central to scholarship in science and technology studies.

The Politics of Innovation

Author : Mark Zachary Taylor
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190464143
Total Pages : 449 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis The Politics of Innovation by : Mark Zachary Taylor

Download or read book The Politics of Innovation written by Mark Zachary Taylor and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016-05-04 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why are some countries better than others at science and technology (S&T)? Written in an approachable style, The Politics of Innovation provides readers from all backgrounds and levels of expertise a comprehensive introduction to the debates over national S&T competitiveness. It synthesizes over fifty years of theory and research on national innovation rates, bringing together the current political and economic wisdom, and latest findings, about how nations become S&T leaders. Many experts mistakenly believe that domestic institutions and policies determine national innovation rates. However, after decades of research, there is still no agreement on precisely how this happens, exactly which institutions matter, and little aggregate evidence has been produced to support any particular explanation. Yet, despite these problems, a core faith in a relationship between domestic institutions and national innovation rates remains widely held and little challenged. The Politics of Innovation confronts head-on this contradiction between theory, evidence, and the popularity of the institutions-innovation hypothesis. It presents extensive evidence to show that domestic institutions and policies do not determine innovation rates. Instead, it argues that social networks are as important as institutions in determining national innovation rates. The Politics of Innovation also introduces a new theory of "creative insecurity" which explains how institutions, policies, and networks are all subservient to politics. It argues that, ultimately, each country's balance of domestic rivalries vs. external threats, and the ensuing political fights, are what drive S&T competitiveness. In making its case, The Politics of Innovation draws upon statistical analysis and comparative case studies of the United States, Japan, South Korea, China, Taiwan, Thailand, the Philippines, Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Canada, Turkey, Israel, Russia and a dozen countries across Western Europe.

Trust and Confidence at the Interfaces of the Life Sciences and Society

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309377951
Total Pages : 118 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis Trust and Confidence at the Interfaces of the Life Sciences and Society by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Trust and Confidence at the Interfaces of the Life Sciences and Society written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-09-23 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Does the public trust science? Scientists? Scientific organizations? What roles do trust and the lack of trust play in public debates about how science can be used to address such societal concerns as childhood vaccination, cancer screening, and a warming planet? What could happen if social trust in science or scientists faded? These types of questions led the Roundtable on Public Interfaces of the Life Sciences of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to convene a 2-day workshop on May 5-6, 2015 on public trust in science. This report explores empirical evidence on public opinion and attitudes toward life sciences as they relate to societal issues, whether and how contentious debate about select life science topics mediates trust, and the roles that scientists, business, media, community groups, and other stakeholders play in creating and maintaining public confidence in life sciences. Does the Public Trust Science? Trust and Confidence at the Interfaces of the Life Sciences and Society highlights research on the elements of trust and how to build, mend, or maintain trust; and examine best practices in the context of scientist engagement with lay audiences around social issues.

Digital Technology and Democratic Theory

Author : Lucy Bernholz
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022674860X
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (267 download)

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Book Synopsis Digital Technology and Democratic Theory by : Lucy Bernholz

Download or read book Digital Technology and Democratic Theory written by Lucy Bernholz and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2021-02-17 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most far-reaching transformations in our era is the wave of digital technologies rolling over—and upending—nearly every aspect of life. Work and leisure, family and friendship, community and citizenship have all been modified by now-ubiquitous digital tools and platforms. Digital Technology and Democratic Theory looks closely at one significant facet of our rapidly evolving digital lives: how technology is radically changing our lives as citizens and participants in democratic governments. To understand these transformations, this book brings together contributions by scholars from multiple disciplines to wrestle with the question of how digital technologies shape, reshape, and affect fundamental questions about democracy and democratic theory. As expectations have whiplashed—from Twitter optimism in the wake of the Arab Spring to Facebook pessimism in the wake of the 2016 US election—the time is ripe for a more sober and long-term assessment. How should we take stock of digital technologies and their promise and peril for reshaping democratic societies and institutions? To answer, this volume broaches the most pressing technological changes and issues facing democracy as a philosophy and an institution.

Science Policy Under Thatcher

Author : Jon Agar
Publisher : UCL Press
ISBN 13 : 1787353419
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (873 download)

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Book Synopsis Science Policy Under Thatcher by : Jon Agar

Download or read book Science Policy Under Thatcher written by Jon Agar and published by UCL Press. This book was released on 2019-06-03 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Margaret Thatcher was prime minister from 1979 to 1990, during which time her Conservative administration transformed the political landscape of Britain. Science Policy under Thatcher is the first book to examine systematically the interplay of science and government under her leadership. Thatcher was a working scientist before she became a professional politician, and she maintained a close watch on science matters as prime minister. Scientific knowledge and advice were important to many urgent issues of the 1980s, from late Cold War questions of defence to emerging environmental problems such as acid rain and climate change. Drawing on newly released primary sources, Jon Agar explores how Thatcher worked with and occasionally against the structures of scientific advice, as the scientific aspects of such issues were balanced or conflicted with other demands and values. To what extent, for example, was the freedom of the individual scientist to choose research projects balanced against the desire to secure more commercial applications? What was Thatcher’s stance towards European scientific collaboration and commitments? How did cuts in public expenditure affect the publicly funded research and teaching of universities? In weaving together numerous topics, including AIDS and bioethics, the nuclear industry and strategic defence, Agar adds to the picture we have of Thatcher and her radically Conservative agenda, and argues that the science policy devised under her leadership, not least in relation to industrial strategy, had a prolonged influence on the culture of British science.

The New Political Sociology of Science

Author : Scott Frickel
Publisher : Univ of Wisconsin Press
ISBN 13 : 0299213331
Total Pages : 500 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (992 download)

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Book Synopsis The New Political Sociology of Science by : Scott Frickel

Download or read book The New Political Sociology of Science written by Scott Frickel and published by Univ of Wisconsin Press. This book was released on 2006-03-01 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the twenty-first century, the production and use of scientific knowledge is more regulated, commercialized, and participatory than at any other time. The stakes in understanding those changes are high for scientist and nonscientist alike: they challenge traditional ideas of intellectual work and property and have the potential to remake legal and professional boundaries and transform the practice of research. A critical examination of the structures of power and inequality these changes hinge upon, this book explores the implications for human health, democratic society, and the environment.

Technology and Social Change

Author : Harvey Russell Bernard
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 404 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Technology and Social Change by : Harvey Russell Bernard

Download or read book Technology and Social Change written by Harvey Russell Bernard and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Social Construction of Technological Systems

Author : Wiebe E. Bijker
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262521376
Total Pages : 428 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (213 download)

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Book Synopsis The Social Construction of Technological Systems by : Wiebe E. Bijker

Download or read book The Social Construction of Technological Systems written by Wiebe E. Bijker and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1989 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The impact of technology on society is clear and unmistakeable. The influence of society on technology is more subtle. The 13 essays in this book have been written by a diverse group of scholars united by a common interest in creating a new field - the sociology of technology. They draw on a wide array of case studies - from cooking stoves to missile systems, from 15th-century Portugal to today's Al labs - to outline an original research program based on a synthesis of ideas from the social studies of science and the history of technology. Together they affirm the need for a study of technology that gives equal weight to technical, social, economic, and political questions"--Back cover.

The Science of Science Policy

Author : Julia I. Lane
Publisher : Stanford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0804781605
Total Pages : 658 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (47 download)

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Book Synopsis The Science of Science Policy by : Julia I. Lane

Download or read book The Science of Science Policy written by Julia I. Lane and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2011-03-18 with total page 658 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Basic scientific research and technological development have had an enormous impact on innovation, economic growth, and social well-being. Yet science policy debates have long been dominated by advocates for particular scientific fields or missions. In the absence of a deeper understanding of the changing framework in which innovation occurs, policymakers cannot predict how best to make and manage investments to exploit our most promising and important opportunities. Since 2005, a science of science policy has developed rapidly in response to policymakers' increased demands for better tools and the social sciences' capacity to provide them. The Science of Science Policy: A Handbook brings together some of the best and brightest minds working in science policy to explore the foundations of an evidence-based platform for the field. The contributions in this book provide an overview of the current state of the science of science policy from three angles: theoretical, empirical, and policy in practice. They offer perspectives from the broader social science, behavioral science, and policy communities on the fascinating challenges and prospects in this evolving arena. Drawing on domestic and international experiences, the text delivers insights about the critical questions that create a demand for a science of science policy.

Disrupting Science

Author : Kelly Moore
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400823803
Total Pages : 325 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Disrupting Science by : Kelly Moore

Download or read book Disrupting Science written by Kelly Moore and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2009-04-11 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the decades following World War II, American scientists were celebrated for their contributions to social and technological progress. They were also widely criticized for their increasingly close ties to military and governmental power--not only by outside activists but from among the ranks of scientists themselves. Disrupting Science tells the story of how scientists formed new protest organizations that democratized science and made its pursuit more transparent. The book explores how scientists weakened their own authority even as they invented new forms of political action. Drawing extensively from archival sources and in-depth interviews, Kelly Moore examines the features of American science that made it an attractive target for protesters in the early cold war and Vietnam eras, including scientists' work in military research and activities perceived as environmentally harmful. She describes the intellectual traditions that protesters drew from--liberalism, moral individualism, and the New Left--and traces the rise and influence of scientist-led protest organizations such as Science for the People and the Union of Concerned Scientists. Moore shows how scientist protest activities disrupted basic assumptions about science and the ways scientific knowledge should be produced, and recast scientists' relationships to political and military institutions. Disrupting Science reveals how the scientific community cumulatively worked to unbind its own scientific authority and change how science and scientists are perceived. In doing so, the book redefines our understanding of social movements and the power of insider-led protest.

Political Machines

Author : Andrew Barry
Publisher : A&C Black
ISBN 13 : 9780485006346
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (63 download)

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Book Synopsis Political Machines by : Andrew Barry

Download or read book Political Machines written by Andrew Barry and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2001-07-23 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technology assumes a remarkable importance in contemporary political life. Today, politicians and intellectuals extol the virtues of networking, interactivity and feedback, and stress the importance of new media and biotechnologies for economic development and political innovation. Measures of intellectual productivity and property play an increasingly critical part in assessments of the competitiveness of firms, universities and nation-states. At the same time, contemporary radical politics has come to raise questions about the political preoccupation with technical progress, while also developing a certain degree of technical sophistication itself.In a series of in-depth analyses of topics ranging from environmental protest to intellectual property law, and from interactive science centres to the European Union, this book interrogates the politics of the technological society. Critical of the form and intensity of the contemporary preoccupation with new technology, Political Machines opens up a space for thinking the relation between technical innovation and political inventiveness.>