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Salt Effects On Isotope Partitioning And Their Geochemical Implications
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Book Synopsis Salt Effects on Isotope Partitioning and Their Geochemical Implications by :
Download or read book Salt Effects on Isotope Partitioning and Their Geochemical Implications written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essential to the use of stable isotopes as natural tracers and geothermometers is the knowledge of equilibrium isotope partitioning between different phases and species, which is usually a function of temperature only. The one exception known to date is oxygen and hydrogen isotope fractionation between liquid water and other phases (steam, gases, minerals), which changes upon the addition of salts to water, i.e., the isotope salt salt effect. Our knowledge of this effect, the difference between activity and composition (a-X) of isotopic water molecules in salt solutions, is very limited and controversial, especially at elevated temperatures. For the last several years, we have been conducting a detailed, systematic experimental study at Oak Ridge National Laboratory to determine the isotope salt effects from room temperature to elevated temperatures (currently to 500°C). From this effort, a simple, coherent picture of the isotope salt effect is emerging, that differs markedly from the complex results reported in the literature. In this communication, we present an overview on the isotope salt effect, obtained chiefly from our study. Observed isotope salt effects in salt solutions are significant even at elevated temperatures. The importance and implications of the isotope salt effect for isotopic studies of brine-dominated systems are also discussed in general terms.
Book Synopsis Salt Effects on Stable Isotope Partitioning and Their Geochemical Implications for Geothermal Brines by :
Download or read book Salt Effects on Stable Isotope Partitioning and Their Geochemical Implications for Geothermal Brines written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effects of dissolved salts (NaCI, KCI, MgCl2, CaCI2, Na2SO4, MgSO4, and their mixtures) on oxygen and hydrogen isotope partitioning between brines and coexisting phases (vapor and calcite) were experimentally determined at 50-350° C and 300° C, respectively. In liquid-vapor equilibration experiments, for all of the salts studied, the hydrogen isotope fractionation factors between the salt solutions and vapor decreased appreciably (up to 20{permille}) compared to pure water-vapor. Except for KCI solutions at 500 C, the oxygen isotope fractionation factors between salt solutions and vapor were higher (up to 4{permille}) than, or very close to, that of pure water. The observed isotope salt effects are all linear with the molalities of the solutions. Mixed salt solutions mimicking natural geothermal brines exhibit salt effects additive of those of individual salts. The isotope exchange experiments of calcite-water at 300°C and 1 kbar yielded a fractionation factor of 5.9+0.3{permille} for pure water and effects of NaCl consistent with those obtained from the liquid-vapor equilibration experiments. The isotope salt effects observed in this study are too large to be ignored, and must be taken into account for isotopic studies of geothermal systems (i.e., estimation of isotope ratios and temperatures of deep-seated geothermal brines).
Book Synopsis Stable Isotope Geochemistry by : John W. Valley
Download or read book Stable Isotope Geochemistry written by John W. Valley and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-12-17 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 43 of Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry follows the 1986 Reviews in Mineralogy (Vol. 16) in approach but reflects significant changes in the field of Stable Isotope Geochemistry. In terms of new technology, new sub-disciplines, and numbers of researchers, the field has changed more in the past decade than in any other since that of its birth. Unlike the 1986 volume, which was restricted to high temperature fields, this book covers a wider range of disciplines. However, it would not be possible to fit a comprehensive review into a single volume. Our goal is to provide state-of-the-art reviews in chosen subjects that have emerged or advanced greatly since 1986. This volume was prepared for Short Course on Stable Isotope Geochemistry presented November 2-4, 2001 in conjunction with the annual meetings of the Geological Society of America in Boston, Massachusetts.
Download or read book Workshop Report written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Isotope Effects written by Max Wolfsberg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-12-15 with total page 477 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the title suggests, Isotope Effects in the Chemical, Geological and Bio Sciences deals with differences in the properties of isotopically substituted molecules, such as differences in the chemical and physical properties of water and the heavy waters. Since the various fields in which isotope effects are applied do not only share fundamental principles but also experimental techniques, this book includes a discussion of experimental apparatus and experimental techniques. Isotope Effects in the Chemical, Geological and Bio Sciences is an educational monograph addressed to graduate students and others undertaking isotope effect research. The fundamental principles needed to understand isotope effects are presented in appropriate detail. While it is true that these principles are more familiar to students of physical chemistry and some background in physical chemistry is recommended, the text provides enough detail to make the book an asset to students in organic and biochemistry, and geochemistry.
Book Synopsis Federal Geothermal Research Program Update, Fiscal Year 1995 by : Geothermal Research Program (U.S.)
Download or read book Federal Geothermal Research Program Update, Fiscal Year 1995 written by Geothermal Research Program (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 586 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Semiannual, with semiannual and annual indexes. References to all scientific and technical literature coming from DOE, its laboratories, energy centers, and contractors. Includes all works deriving from DOE, other related government-sponsored information, and foreign nonnuclear information. Arranged under 39 categories, e.g., Biomedical sciences, basic studies; Biomedical sciences, applied studies; Health and safety; and Fusion energy. Entry gives bibliographical information and abstract. Corporate, author, subject, report number indexes.
Download or read book Proceedings written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Synerjy written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Government Reports Announcements & Index by :
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements & Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1028 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fluids in the Crust by : K. Shmulovich
Download or read book Fluids in the Crust written by K. Shmulovich and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For much of the 20th century, scientific contacts between the Soviet Union and western countries were few and far between, and often super ficial. In earth sciences, ideas and data were slow to cross the Iron Curtain, and there was considerable mutual mistrust of diverging scient ific philosophies. In geochemistry, most western scientists were slow to appreciate the advances being made in the Soviet Union by os. Korz hinskii, who put the study of ore genesis on a rigorous thermodynamic basis as early as the 1930s. Korzhinskii appreciated that the most fun damental requirement for the application of quantitative models is data on mineral and fluid behaviour at the elevated pressures and temper atures that occur in the Earth's crust. He began the work at the Institute of Experimental Mineralogy (IEM) in 1965, and it became a separate establishment of the Academy of Sciences in Chernogolovka in 1969. The aim was to initiate a major programme of high P-T experimental studies to apply physical chemistry and thermodynamics to resolving geological problems. For many years, Chernogolovka was a closed city, and western scient ists were unable to visit the laboratories, but with the advent of peres troika in 1989, the first groups of visitors were eagerly welcomed to the IEM. What they found was an experimental facility on a massive scale, with 300 staff, including 80 researchers and most of the rest pro viding technical support.
Book Synopsis Principles of Stable Isotope Geochemistry by : Zachary Sharp
Download or read book Principles of Stable Isotope Geochemistry written by Zachary Sharp and published by Prentice Hall. This book was released on 2007 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first dedicated book to cover the basics of a wide range of stable isotope applications in a manner appropriate for someone entering the field. At the same time, it offers sufficient detail - and numerous references and examples - to direct research for further inquiry. Discusses diverse topics such as hydrology, carbon in plants, meteorites, carbonates, metamorphic rocks, etc. Explores the theory and principles of isotope fractionation. Offers unique, up-to-date discussion of meteorite (extraterrestrial) isotope data. Presents the subject in an interesting historical context, with the classic papers noted. A useful reference for students taking the course and professionals entering the field of Geochemistry.
Book Synopsis Geochemistry of Non-Traditional Stable Isotopes by : Clark M. Johnson
Download or read book Geochemistry of Non-Traditional Stable Isotopes written by Clark M. Johnson and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-12-17 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal for Volume 55 of Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry was to bring together a summary of the isotope geochemistry of non-traditional stable isotope systems as is known through 2003 for those elements that have been studied in some detail, and which have a variety of geochemical properties. In addition, recognizing that many of these elements are of interest to workers who are outside the traditional stable isotope fields, we felt it was important to include discussions on the broad isotopic variations that occur in the solar system, theoretical approaches to calculating isotopic fractionations, and the variety of analytical methods that are in use. We hope, therefore, that this volume proves to be useful to not only the isotope specialist, but to others who are interested in the contributions that these non-traditional stable isotopes may make toward understanding geochemical and biological cycles. The review chapters in this volume were the basis for a two-day short course on nontraditional stable isotopes held prior (May 15-16, 2004) to the spring AGU/CGU Meeting in Montreal, Canada.
Author :Philip A. E. Pogge von Strandmann Publisher :Cambridge University Press ISBN 13 :1108997627 Total Pages :51 pages Book Rating :4.1/5 (89 download)
Book Synopsis Lithium Isotopes by : Philip A. E. Pogge von Strandmann
Download or read book Lithium Isotopes written by Philip A. E. Pogge von Strandmann and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-08-26 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lithium isotopes are a relatively novel tracer of present and past silicate weathering processes. Given that silicate weathering is the primary long-term method by which CO2 is removed from the atmosphere, Li isotope research is going through an exciting phase. We show the weathering processes that fractionate dissolved and sedimentary Li isotope ratios, focusing on weathering intensity and clay formation. We then discuss the carbonate and silicate archive potential of past seawater δ7Li. These archives have been used to examine Li isotope changes across both short and long timescales. The former can demonstrate the rates at which the climate is stabilised from perturbations via weathering, a fundamental piece of the puzzle of the long-term carbon cycle.
Book Synopsis Data of Geochemistry by : Irving Friedman
Download or read book Data of Geochemistry written by Irving Friedman and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Isoptope separation factors for the stable isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and sulfur are plotted as a function of temperature, in degrees Celsius.
Book Synopsis Stable Isotope Geochemistry by : Hugh P. Taylor
Download or read book Stable Isotope Geochemistry written by Hugh P. Taylor and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Oxygen Isotope Salt Effect at High Pressure and High Temperature by : Guixing Hu
Download or read book Oxygen Isotope Salt Effect at High Pressure and High Temperature written by Guixing Hu and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
