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Author : J. Robert Beyster
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 124 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Safeguards Applications for Isotopic Neutron Sources written by J. Robert Beyster and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Potential Nuclear Safeguards Applications for Neutron Generators written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many nuclear safeguards inspection instruments use neutron sources to interrogate the fissile material (commonly 235U and 239Pu) to be measured. The neutron sources currently used in these instruments are isotopics such as Californium-252, Americium-Lithium, etc. It is becoming increasingly more difficult to transport isotopic sources from one measurement location to another. This represents a significant problem for the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards inspectors because they must take their safeguards instruments with them to each nuclear installation to make an independent measurement. Purpose of this paper is to review the possibility of replacing isotopic neutron sources now used in IAEA safeguards instruments with electric neutron sources such as deuterium-tritium (D-T, 14-MeV neutrons) or deuterium-deuterium (D-D, 2-MeV neutrons). The potential for neutron generators to interrogate spent-light water reactor fuel assemblies in storage pools is also reviewed.
Author : International Atomic Energy Agency
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789201189103
Total Pages : 146 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (891 download)
Download or read book Safeguards Techniques and Equipment written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 1990s saw significant developments in the global non-proliferation landscape, resulting in a new period of safeguards development. The current publication, which is the second revision and update of IAEA/NVS/1, is intended to give a full and balanced description of the safeguards techniques and equipment used for nuclear material accountancy, containment and surveillance measures, environmental sampling, and data security. New features include a section on new and novel technologies. As new verification measures continue to be developed, the material in this book will be reviewed periodically and updated versions issued.
Author : Vladimir Mozin
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 151 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (94 download)
Download or read book Delayed Gamma-Ray Assay for Nuclear Safeguards written by Vladimir Mozin and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation addresses the need for new non-destructive assay instruments capable of quantifying the fissile isotopic composition of spent nuclear fuel and of independently verifying the declared amounts of special nuclear materials at various stages of the nuclear fuel cycle. High-energy delayed gamma-ray spectroscopy can provide the ability to directly assay fissile and fertile isotopes in the highly radioactive environment of the spent fuel assemblies and to achieve the safeguards goal of measuring nuclear material inventories for spent fuel handling, interim storage, reprocessing facilities, and final disposal and repository sites. The delayed gamma-ray assay concept is investigated within this context with the objective of assessing whether the delayed gamma-ray assay instrument can provide sufficient sensitivity, isotope specificity and accuracy as required in nuclear material safeguards applications. Preliminary system design analysis indicates that the delayed gamma-ray response is affected by multiple parameters: type and intensity of the interrogating source, the configuration of the interrogation setup, the time pattern of the interrogation, and the resolution and count rate limit of the gamma-ray detection system. In order to handle the variety of factors associated with the delayed gamma-ray assay of spent nuclear fuel, a high-fidelity response modeling technique is introduced. The new algorithm seamlessly combines transport calculations with analytical decay/depletion, and discrete gamma-ray source reconstruction codes. Its performance was benchmarked in the dedicated experimental campaign involving accelerator-driven photo-neutron sources and samples containing fissile and fertile isotopes. Analytical estimations of the intensity of the delayed gamma-ray response and the passive background rate are utilized to develop a concept of the non-destructive instrument for the assay of spent nuclear fuel. The modeling technique is then applied to more detailed parametric study. These simulations included extensive spent fuel inventories, and accounted for realistic assay configurations and instrumentation. The results of this preliminary analysis indicate that the delayed gamma-ray assay of spent nuclear fuel assemblies can be performed with available neutron generator and detection technology. The sensitivity of the delayed gamma-ray spectra to the actinide content of the spent nuclear fuel is investigated. The simplest analysis of the delayed gamma-ray response is based on the analysis of integrated count rates and peak ratios. More powerful analytical and numerical methods are likely needed for determining the relative concentrations of fissile and fertile isotopes in samples with complex compositions.
Author : International Atomic Energy Agency
Publisher : IAEA Radiation Technology Repo
ISBN 13 : 9789201251107
Total Pages : 145 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (511 download)
Download or read book Neutron Generators for Analytical Purposes written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by IAEA Radiation Technology Repo. This book was released on 2012 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication addresses recent developments in neutron generator (NG) technology. It presents information on compact instruments with high neutron yield to be used for neutron activation analysis (NAA) and prompt gamma neutron activation analysis in combination with high count rate spectrometers. Traditional NGs have been shown to be effective for applications including borehole logging, homeland security, nuclear medicine and the on-line analysis of aluminium, coal and cement. Pulsed fast thermal neutron analysis, as well as tagged and timed neutron analysis, are additional techniques which can be applied using NG. Furthermore, NG can effectively be used for elemental analysis and is also effective for analysis of hidden materials by neutron radiography. Useful guidelines for developing NG based research laboratories are also provided in this publication.
Author : Doug Reilly
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780160327247
Total Pages : 700 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (272 download)
Download or read book Passive Nondestructive Assay of Nuclear Materials written by Doug Reilly and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 530 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (37 download)
Download or read book Safeguards Techniques written by and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Tsahi Gozani
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Active Nondestructive Assay of Nuclear Materials written by Tsahi Gozani and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 60 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (982 download)
Download or read book The D-D Neutron Generator as an Alternative to Am(Li) Isotopic Neutron Source in the Active Well Coincidence Counter written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 235U mass assay of bulk uranium items, such as oxide canisters, fuel pellets, and fuel assemblies, is not achievable by traditional gamma-ray assay techniques due to the limited penetration of the item by the characteristic 235U gamma rays. Instead, fast neutron interrogation methods such as active neutron coincidence counting must be used. For international safeguards applications, the most commonly used active neutron systems, the Active Well Coincidence Counter (AWCC), Uranium Neutron Collar (UNCL) and 252Cf Shuffler, rely on fast neutron interrogation using an isotopic neutron source [i.e. 252Cf or Am(Li)] to achieve better measurement accuracies than are possible using gamma-ray techniques for high-mass, high-density items. However, the Am(Li) sources required for the AWCC and UNCL systems are no longer manufactured, and newly produced systems rely on limited supplies of sources salvaged from disused instruments. The 252Cf shuffler systems rely on the use of high-output 252Cf sources, which while still available have become extremely costly for use in routine operations and require replacement every five to seven years. Lack of a suitable alternative neutron interrogation source would leave a potentially significant gap in the safeguarding of uranium processing facilities. In this work, we made use of Oak Ridge National Laboratory's (ORNL's) Large Volume Active Well Coincidence Counter (LV-AWCC) and a commercially available deuterium-deuterium (D-D) neutron generator to examine the potential of the D-D neutron generator as an alternative to the isotopic sources. We present the performance of the LV-AWCC with D-D generator for the assay of 235U based on the results of Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) simulations and measurements of depleted uranium (DU), low enriched uranium (LEU), and highly enriched uranium (HEU) items.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 15 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (685 download)
Download or read book Advances in Passive Neutron Instruments for Safeguards Use written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Passive neutron and other nondestructive assay techniques have been used extensively by the International Atomic Energy Agency to verify plutonium metal, powder, mixed oxide, pellets, rods, assemblies, scrap, and liquids. Normally, the coincidence counting rate is used to measure the 24°Pu-effective mass and gamma-ray spectrometry or mass spectrometry is used to verify the plutonium isotopic ratios. During the past few years, the passive neutron detectors have been installed in plants and operated in the unattended/continuous mode. These radiation data with time continuity have made it possible to use the totals counting rate to monitor the movement of nuclear material. Monte Carlo computer codes have been used to optimize the detector designs for specific applications. The inventory sample counter (INVS-III) has been designed to have a higher efficiency (43%) and a larger uniform counting volume than the original INVS. Data analyses techniques have been developed, including the ''known alpha'' and ''known multiplication'' methods that depend on the sample. For scrap and other impure or poorly characterized samples, we have developed multiplicity counting, initially implemented in the plutonium scrap multiplicity counter. For large waste containers such as 200-L drums, we have developed the add-a-source technique to give accurate corrections for the waste-matrix materials. This paper summarizes recent developments in the design and application of passive neutron assay systems.
Author : U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 420 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)
Download or read book NUREG/CR. written by U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1028 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 1028 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 792 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 792 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
Author : Attila Vértes
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 144190719X
Total Pages : 3693 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (419 download)
Download or read book Handbook of Nuclear Chemistry written by Attila Vértes and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-12-10 with total page 3693 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This revised and extended 6 volume handbook set is the most comprehensive and voluminous reference work of its kind in the field of nuclear chemistry. The Handbook set covers all of the chemical aspects of nuclear science starting from the physical basics and including such diverse areas as the chemistry of transactinides and exotic atoms as well as radioactive waste management and radiopharmaceutical chemistry relevant to nuclear medicine. The nuclear methods of the investigation of chemical structure also receive ample space and attention. The international team of authors consists of scores of world-renowned experts - nuclear chemists, radiopharmaceutical chemists and physicists - from Europe, USA, and Asia. The Handbook set is an invaluable reference for nuclear scientists, biologists, chemists, physicists, physicians practicing nuclear medicine, graduate students and teachers - virtually all who are involved in the chemical and radiopharmaceutical aspects of nuclear science. The Handbook set also provides further reading via the rich selection of references.
Author : Tsahi Gozani
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Active Nondestructive Assay of Nuclear Materials written by Tsahi Gozani and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 3 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (982 download)
Download or read book Delayed Gamma-ray Spectroscopy for Safeguards Applications written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The delayed gamma-ray assay technique utilizes an external neutron source (D-D, D-T, or electron accelerator-driven), and high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometers to perform characterization of SNM materials behind shielding and in complex configurations such as a nuclear fuel assembly. High-energy delayed gamma-rays (2.5 MeV and above) observed following the active interrogation, provide a signature for identification of specific fissionable isotopes in a mixed sample, and determine their relative content. Potential safeguards applications of this method are: 1) characterization of fresh and spent nuclear fuel assemblies in wet or dry storage; 2) analysis of uranium enrichment in shielded or non-characterized containers or in the presence of a strong radioactive background and plutonium contamination; 3) characterization of bulk and waste and product streams at SNM processing plants. Extended applications can include warhead confirmation and warhead dismantlement confirmation in the arms control area, as well as SNM diagnostics for the emergency response needs. In FY16 and prior years, the project has demonstrated the delayed gamma-ray measurement technique as a robust SNM assay concept. A series of empirical and modeling studies were conducted to characterize its response sensitivity, develop analysis methodologies, and analyze applications. Extensive experimental tests involving weapons-grade Pu, HEU and depleted uranium samples were completed at the Idaho Accelerator Center and LLNL Dome facilities for various interrogation time regimes and effects of the neutron source parameters. A dedicated delayed gamma-ray response modeling technique was developed and its elements were benchmarked in representative experimental studies, including highresolution gamma-ray measurements of spent fuel at the CLAB facility in Sweden. The objective of the R & D effort in FY17 is to experimentally demonstrate the feasibility of the delayed gamma-ray interrogation of shielded SNM samples with portable neutron sources suitable for field applications.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1036 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)
Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 1036 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
