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Role Of Peroxisomes In Isoprenoid Biosynthesis
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Download or read book Plant Peroxisomes written by A. Baker and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-01-08 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the two decades since the last comprehensive work on plant peroxisomes appeared, the scientific approaches employed in the study of plant biology have changed beyond all recognition. The accelerating pace of plant research in the post-genomic era is leading us to appreciate that peroxisomes have many important roles in plant cells, including reserve mobilisation, nitrogen assimilation, defence against stress, and metabolism of plant hormones, which are vital for productivity and normal plant development. Many plant scientists are finding, and will no doubt continue to find, that their own area of research is connected in some way to peroxisomes. Written by the leading experts in the field, this book surveys peroxisomal metabolic pathways, protein targeting and biogenesis of the organelle and prospects for the manipulation of peroxisomal function for biotechnological purposes. It aims to draw together the current state of the art as a convenient starting point for anyone, student or researcher, who wishes to know about plant peroxisomes.
Book Synopsis Role of Peroxisomes in Isoprenoid Biosynthesis by : Nahla Mohamed Aboushadi
Download or read book Role of Peroxisomes in Isoprenoid Biosynthesis written by Nahla Mohamed Aboushadi and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our group has demonstrated that all the enzymes required for the biosynthesis of farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) from mevalonate are localized to peroxisomes. FPP is the precursor of critical isoprenoids, thus, its regulation and metabolism are crucial. In rat liver, an allyl pyrophosphatase (FPPase) converts FPP to free farnesol. Farnesol is then oxidized to prenyl aldehyde by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) or it is converted to FPP by phosphorylation reactions. In this study, we identified a specific FPP kinase activity in rat liver. We also determined the subcellular localization of the FPPase, ADK and FPP kinase activities in whole liver homogenates. Regulation studies demonstrated that FPP kinase activity but not FPPase responded to modulation in FPP levels. The rate-limiting enzyme in isoprenoid biosynthesis, 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase has been localized to peroxisomes and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). No information is available regarding the regulation or function of the peroxisomal reductase in isoprenoid metabolism. To facilitate the regulation studies of the peroxisomal reductase, we utilized a mammalian cell line (UT2*) that expresses only one reductase protein of 90 kDa that is localized exclusively in peroxisomes. Comparison of the regulation of the two reductases revealed major differences between the two proteins. The peroxisomal reductase is not the rate-limiting enzyme for cholesterol biosynthesis. The peroxisomal protein is not phosphorylated and its activity is not altered in the presence of cellular phosphatases. Its rate of degradation is not accelerated by mevalonate. Moreover, the degradation process is not blocked by the cysteine protease/proteosome inhibitor, N-acetyl-Leu-Leu-norleucinal (ALLN). Finally, the peroxisomal protein is more resistant to statin inhibition. These data suggest that the peroxisomal protein is functionally and structurally different from the ER reductase. We also showed that peroxisomal-deficient PEX2- Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells display reduced levels of peroxisomal. isoprenoid enzymes and show reduced rates of isoprenoid biosynthesis. We showed that the deficiency in the peroxisomal enzymes was due to acceleration in the rate of degradation of the proteins, and a decrease in the mRNA levels and rate of synthesis of these proteins. Taken together, the data presented in this study emphasize the indispensable role of peroxisomes in isoprenoid biosynthesis.
Book Synopsis Peroxisomes and their Key Role in Cellular Signaling and Metabolism by : Luis A. del Río
Download or read book Peroxisomes and their Key Role in Cellular Signaling and Metabolism written by Luis A. del Río and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-07-03 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Peroxisomes are a class of ubiquitous and dynamic single membrane-bounded cell organelles, devoid of DNA, with an essentially oxidative type of metabolism. In recent years it has become increasingly clear that peroxisomes are involved in a range of important cellular functions in almost all eukaryotic cells. In higher eukaryotes, including humans, peroxisomes catalyze ether phospholipids biosynthesis, fatty acid alpha-oxidation, glyoxylate detoxification, etc, and in humans peroxisomes are associated with several important genetic diseases. In plants, peroxisomes carry out the fatty acid beta-oxidation, photorespiration, metabolism of ROS, RNS and RSS, photomorphogenesis, biosynthesis of phytohormones, senescence, and defence against pathogens and herbivores. In recent years it has been postulated a possible contribution of peroxisomes to cellular signaling. In this volume an updated view of the capacity and function of peroxisomes from human, animal, fungal and plant origin as cell generators of different signal molecules involved in distinct processes of high physiological importance is presented.
Book Synopsis Peroxisomes and Glyoxysomes by : Helmut Kindl
Download or read book Peroxisomes and Glyoxysomes written by Helmut Kindl and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Protective Chemical Agents in the Amelioration of Plant Abiotic Stress by : Aryadeep Roychoudhury
Download or read book Protective Chemical Agents in the Amelioration of Plant Abiotic Stress written by Aryadeep Roychoudhury and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-04-30 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A guide to the chemical agents that protect plants from various environmental stressors Protective Chemical Agents in the Amelioration of Plant Abiotic Stress offers a guide to the diverse chemical agents that have the potential to mitigate different forms of abiotic stresses in plants. Edited by two experts on the topic, the book explores the role of novel chemicals and shows how using such unique chemical agents can tackle the oxidative damages caused by environmental stresses. Exogenous application of different chemical agents or chemical priming of seeds presents opportunities for crop stress management. The use of chemical compounds as protective agents has been found to improve plant tolerance significantly in various crop and non-crop species against a range of different individually applied abiotic stresses by regulating the endogenous levels of the protective agents within plants. This important book: Explores the efficacy of various chemical agents to eliminate abiotic stress Offers a groundbreaking look at the topic and reviews the most recent advances in the field Includes information from noted authorities on the subject Promises to benefit agriculture under stress conditions at the ground level Written for researchers, academicians, and scientists, Protective Chemical Agents in the Amelioration of Plant Abiotic Stress details the wide range of protective chemical agents, their applications, and their intricate biochemical and molecular mechanism of action within the plant systems during adverse situations.
Book Synopsis Mitochondria and Anaerobic Energy Metabolism in Eukaryotes by : William F. Martin
Download or read book Mitochondria and Anaerobic Energy Metabolism in Eukaryotes written by William F. Martin and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2020-12-07 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mitochondria are sometimes called the powerhouses of eukaryotic cells, because mitochondria are the site of ATP synthesis in the cell. ATP is the universal energy currency, it provides the power that runs all other life processes. Humans need oxygen to survive because of ATP synthesis in mitochondria. The sugars from our diet are converted to carbon dioxide in mitochondria in a process that requires oxygen. Just like a fire needs oxygen to burn, our mitochondria need oxygen to make ATP. From textbooks and popular literature one can easily get the impression that all mitochondria require oxygen. But that is not the case. There are many groups of organismsm known that make ATP in mitochondria without the help of oxygen. They have preserved biochemical relicts from the early evolution of eukaryotic cells, which took place during times in Earth history when there was hardly any oxygen avaiable, certainly not enough to breathe. How the anaerobic forms of mitochondria work, in which organisms they occur, and how the eukaryotic anaerobes that possess them fit into the larger picture of rising atmospheric oxygen during Earth history are the topic of this book.
Book Synopsis Biotechnology of Isoprenoids by : Jens Schrader
Download or read book Biotechnology of Isoprenoids written by Jens Schrader and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-05-19 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book review series presents current trends in modern biotechnology. The aim is to cover all aspects of this interdisciplinary technology where knowledge, methods and expertise are required from chemistry, biochemistry, microbiology, genetics, chemical engineering and computer science. Volumes are organized topically and provide a comprehensive discussion of developments in the respective field over the past 3-5 years. The series also discusses new discoveries and applications. Special volumes are dedicated to selected topics which focus on new biotechnological products and new processes for their synthesis and purification. In general, special volumes are edited by well-known guest editors. The series editor and publisher will however always be pleased to receive suggestions and supplementary information. Manuscripts are accepted in English.
Book Synopsis Isoprenoid Synthesis in Plants and Microorganisms by : Thomas J. Bach
Download or read book Isoprenoid Synthesis in Plants and Microorganisms written by Thomas J. Bach and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-09-19 with total page 507 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Isoprenoids are important in primary and secondary metabolism. They have implications in a myriad of physiological processes notably in plants, microorganisms and parasites, and biological activities at the cellular, organism, and ecosystem levels. The importance of isoprenoids in various areas of the scientific world has spurred intense research worldwide. Also their role in "nutraceuticals" has stimulated scientific curiosity. Literature on isoprenoids is widely scattered in journals with quite differing readerships and geographic distribution. A comprehensive book on isoprenoids does not exist. Isoprenoid Synthesis in Plants and Microorganisms: New Concepts and Experimental Approaches fills this gap by presenting the latest and the most applicable information on isoprenoids. The most recent TERPNET conference serves as the backdrop and provides much of the inspiration for the topics covered in the book. Additional topics of interest are covered as well, making Isoprenoid Synthesis in Plants and Microorganisms: New Concepts and Experimental Approaches the most comprehensive review of isoprenoid synthesis to date.
Book Synopsis Natural Terpenoids as Messengers by : Paul Harrewijn
Download or read book Natural Terpenoids as Messengers written by Paul Harrewijn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-05-31 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preface. 1. Introduction. 2. Production of terpenes and terpenoids. 3. The origin and evolution of terpenoid messengers. 4. Specific properties of terpenoids. 5. Functions of natural terpenoids in the interrelationships between organisms. 6. Terpenoids in practice. 7. Natural terpenoids to the benefit of human health. 8. Prospectus and suggestions for further research. Epilogue. References. General reading. Glossary. Index.
Book Synopsis Functions and Biogenesis of Peroxisomes in Relation to Human Disease by :
Download or read book Functions and Biogenesis of Peroxisomes in Relation to Human Disease written by and published by . This book was released on 1938 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Molecular Machines Involved in Peroxisome Biogenesis and Maintenance by : Cecile Brocard
Download or read book Molecular Machines Involved in Peroxisome Biogenesis and Maintenance written by Cecile Brocard and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-23 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In eukaryotes, lipid metabolism requires the function of peroxisomes. These multitasking organelles are also part of species-specific pathways such as the glyoxylate cycle in yeast and plants or the synthesis of ether lipid in mammals. Proteins required for the biogenesis of peroxisomes typically assemble in large molecular complexes, which participate in membrane formation, protein transport, peroxisome duplication and - inheritance during cell division. Peroxisomal function is essential for life. Mutations in PEX genes, encoding for biogenesis factors, are often associated with lethal disorders. The association of peroxisomes with other organelles suggests an extensive participation in organellar crosstalk. This book represents a state-of-the-art review in the field of peroxisome research encompassing the cell and molecular biology of peroxisome biogenesis and its diseases, the protein complexes involved in this process and the modern technologies applied to study them. The book is intended for graduate students, researchers and lecturers in biochemistry, molecular and cell biology with a biomedical background.
Book Synopsis Functional Ultrastructure by : Margit Pavelka
Download or read book Functional Ultrastructure written by Margit Pavelka and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-07-16 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The period between 1950 and 1980 were the golden unique insights into how pathological processes affect years of transmission electron microscopy and produced cell organization. a plethora of new information on the structure of cells This information is vital to current work in which that was coupled to and followed by biochemical and the emphasis is on integrating approaches from functional studies. TEM was king and each micrograph proteomics, molecular biology, genetics, genomics, of a new object produced new information that led to molecular imaging and physiology and pathology to novel insights on cell and tissue organization and their understand cell functions and derangements in disease. functions. The quality of data represented by the images In this current era, there is a growing tendency to of cell and tissues had been perfected to a very high level substitut e modern light microscopic techniques for by the great microscopists of that era including Palade, electron microscopy, because it is less technically Porter, Fawcett, Sjostrand, Rhodin and many others. At demanding and is more readily available to researchers- present, the images that we see in leading journals for This atlas reminds us that the information obtained by the most part do not reach the same technical level and electron microscopy is invaluable and has no substitute.
Download or read book Cholesterol written by Robert Bittman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 567 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experts investigate the biochemical and biomedical aspects of cholesterol, addressing its metabolism in normal and disease states. They discuss a broad range of topics, including key steps in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway, and the role of cholesterol in cancer, atherosclerosis, and diseases of the nervous system. The book's comprehensive coverage also includes the pathological consequences and potential therapies for various disease states, and the development of new anti-atherogenic drugs.
Book Synopsis Synthetic Biology by : Christina Smolke
Download or read book Synthetic Biology written by Christina Smolke and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-02-28 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A review of the interdisciplinary field of synthetic biology, from genome design to spatial engineering. Written by an international panel of experts, Synthetic Biology draws from various areas of research in biology and engineering and explores the current applications to provide an authoritative overview of this burgeoning field. The text reviews the synthesis of DNA and genome engineering and offers a discussion of the parts and devices that control protein expression and activity. The authors include information on the devices that support spatial engineering, RNA switches and explore the early applications of synthetic biology in protein synthesis, generation of pathway libraries, and immunotherapy. Filled with the most recent research, compelling discussions, and unique perspectives, Synthetic Biology offers an important resource for understanding how this new branch of science can improve on applications for industry or biological research.
Book Synopsis Peroxisomal Disorders and Regulation of Genes by : Frank Roels
Download or read book Peroxisomal Disorders and Regulation of Genes written by Frank Roels and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In most peroxisomal disorders the nervous system is severely affected which explains the clinical and community burden they represent. This is the first book to focus not only on the mutations causing these inherited illnesses, but also on mechanisms that regulate, suppress or enhance expression of genes and their products (enzymes). Indeed since the success and completion of the Human Genome Project all genes (coding DNA sequences) are known. However, of many, their function, and the role of the gene product has not been determined. An example is X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, the most frequent peroxisomal disorder. Children are born healthy, but in more than 1 out of 3, demyelination of the brain starts unpredictably and they die in a vegetative state. The gene mutated in most families has been known for 10 years; but the true role of the encoded protein, ALDp, is still speculative; and within the same family, very severe and asymptomatic clinical histories co-exist, unexplained by the mutation.
Book Synopsis Proteomics of Peroxisomes by : Luis A. del Río
Download or read book Proteomics of Peroxisomes written by Luis A. del Río and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-30 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new edited volume in the Springer Subcellular Biochemistry Series presents a comprehensive, state-of-the-art overview of the proteomics of peroxisomes derived from mammalian, Drosophila, fungal, and plant origin, and contains contributions from leading experts in the field. The development of sensitive proteomics and mass spectrometry technologies, combined with bioinformatics approaches now allow the identification of low-abundance and transient peroxisomal proteins and permits to identify the complete proteome of peroxisomes, with the consequent increase of our knowledge of the metabolic and regulatory networks of these important cellular organelles. The book lines-up with these developments and is organized in four sections including: (i) mass spectrometry-based organelle proteomics; (ii) prediction of peroxisomal proteomes; (iii) analysis of peroxisome proteome interaction networks; and (iv) peroxisomes in relation to other subcellular compartments. The editor Luis A. del Río is Professor ad honorem of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) in the Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry and Cell & Molecular Biology of Plants, at the Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Granada, Spain. Del Río’s research group focuses on the metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and antioxidants in plant peroxisomes, and the ROS- and RNS-dependent role of peroxisomes in plant cell signalling. The editor Michael Schrader is Professor of Cell Biology & Cytopathology in the Department of Biosciences at the University of Exeter, UK. Using mammalian peroxisomes as model organelles, Prof. Schrader and his team aim to unravel the molecular machinery and signalling pathways that mediate and regulate the formation, dynamics and abundance of these medically relevant cellular compartments.
Book Synopsis Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants by : Horst Marschner
Download or read book Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants written by Horst Marschner and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 1995 with total page 920 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text presents the principles of mineral nutrition in the light of current advances. For this second edition more emphasis has been placed on root water relations and functions of micronutrients as well as external and internal factors on root growth and the root-soil interface.
