Robotic Assistive Technologies

Download Robotic Assistive Technologies PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1315351765
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (153 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Robotic Assistive Technologies by : Pedro Encarnação

Download or read book Robotic Assistive Technologies written by Pedro Encarnação and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-02-03 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains a comprehensive overview of all current uses of robots in rehabilitation. The underlying principles in each application are provided. This is followed by a critical review of the technology available, of the utilization protocols, and of user studies, outcomes, and clinical evidence, if existing. Ethical and social implications of robot use are also discussed. The reader will have an in depth view of rehabilitation robots, from principles to practice.

Robotic Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies

Download Robotic Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781784413637
Total Pages : 116 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (136 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Robotic Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies by : Guilherme DeSouza

Download or read book Robotic Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies written by Guilherme DeSouza and published by . This book was released on 2014-07-31 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Millions of individuals experience impaired mobility usually accompanied by limited to no manual dexterity. The "cost" associated with these disabilities includes not only those incurred through medical and support services, but also less tangible costs, such as those due lost wages and non-productivity. The goals of rehabilitation are to ameliorate life-limiting disabilities and facilitate community re-entry. While restoration of function is the most positive outcome of rehabilitation, compensatory strategies are also employed when natural function cannot be restored. A particularly promising approach is the use of robotic assistive technologies to extend an individual's functionality and substitute for compromised functions. In spite of the current advances in robotic assistive technologies, many individuals are still unable to effectively perform activities of daily living due to: 1) the limitations of these technologies vis-à-vis the specific disabling condition; 2) the inability of the technology to adapt to the disease progression; 3) the fatigue and exertion imposed by prolonged exposures to a single form of technology (i.e. single-modal interface); and 4) the difficulties in adaptation/training and the consequent resistance by patients to move from one technology to the next. This ebook of the International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics aimed at providing the readers with a collection of methods addressing aspects both in robotic rehabilitation and in robotic assistive technologies. The five papers selected for this ebook provide original designs, ideas and studies with in-depth analytical findings. Contributions included work using the following techniques: Technologies for Improving Quality of Daily Living, Rehabilitation Robotics and Telemanipulation, Assisting Recovery from Stroke, Technologies to Enhance Mobility and Function for Individuals with Severe Disability (e.g. Spinal Cord Injury, ASL, Muscle Dystrophy, etc.), Telepresence, Wheelchair Transportation Safety and Mobility, Robotic Prosthesis and Orthotics, Recreational Technologies and Exercise Physiology Benefiting Persons with Disabilities.

Advances in Rehabilitation Robotics

Download Advances in Rehabilitation Robotics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business
ISBN 13 : 9783540219866
Total Pages : 480 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (198 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Advances in Rehabilitation Robotics by : Z. Zenn Bien

Download or read book Advances in Rehabilitation Robotics written by Z. Zenn Bien and published by Springer Science & Business. This book was released on 2004-06-24 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the major application targets of service robots is to use them as assistive devices for rehabilitation. This book introduces some latest achievements in the field of rehabilitation robotics and assistive technology for people with disabilities and aged people. The book contains results from both theoretical and experimental works and reviews on some new advanced rehabilitation devices which has been recently transferred to the industry. Significant parts of the book are devoted to the assessment of new rehabilitation technologies, the evaluation of prototype devices with end-users, the safety of rehabilitation robots, and robot-assisted neurorehabilitation. The book is a representative selection of the latest trends in rehabilitation robotics and can be used as a reference for teaching on mechatronic devices for rehabilitation.

Rehabilitation Robotics

Download Rehabilitation Robotics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128119969
Total Pages : 382 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Rehabilitation Robotics by : Roberto Colombo

Download or read book Rehabilitation Robotics written by Roberto Colombo and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-03-08 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rehabilitation Robotics gives an introduction and overview of all areas of rehabilitation robotics, perfect for anyone new to the field. It also summarizes available robot technologies and their application to different pathologies for skilled researchers and clinicians. The editors have been involved in the development and application of robotic devices for neurorehabilitation for more than 15 years. This experience using several commercial devices for robotic rehabilitation has enabled them to develop the know-how and expertise necessary to guide those seeking comprehensive understanding of this topic. Each chapter is written by an expert in the respective field, pulling in perspectives from both engineers and clinicians to present a multi-disciplinary view. The book targets the implementation of efficient robot strategies to facilitate the re-acquisition of motor skills. This technology incorporates the outcomes of behavioral studies on motor learning and its neural correlates into the design, implementation and validation of robot agents that behave as ‘optimal’ trainers, efficiently exploiting the structure and plasticity of the human sensorimotor systems. In this context, human-robot interaction plays a paramount role, at both the physical and cognitive level, toward achieving a symbiotic interaction where the human body and the robot can benefit from each other’s dynamics. Provides a comprehensive review of recent developments in the area of rehabilitation robotics Includes information on both therapeutic and assistive robots Focuses on the state-of-the-art and representative advancements in the design, control, analysis, implementation and validation of rehabilitation robotic systems

Advances in Rehabilitation Robotics

Download Advances in Rehabilitation Robotics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783662185261
Total Pages : 444 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (852 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Advances in Rehabilitation Robotics by : Z. Zenn Bien

Download or read book Advances in Rehabilitation Robotics written by Z. Zenn Bien and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-08 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the major application targets of service robots is to use them as assistive devices for rehabilitation. This book introduces some latest achievements in the field of rehabilitation robotics and assistive technology for people with disabilities and aged people. The book contains results from both theoretical and experimental works and reviews on some new advanced rehabilitation devices which has been recently transferred to the industry. Significant parts of the book are devoted to the assessment of new rehabilitation technologies, the evaluation of prototype devices with end-users, the safety of rehabilitation robots, and robot-assisted neurorehabilitation. The book is a representative selection of the latest trends in rehabilitation robotics and can be used as a reference for teaching on mechatronic devices for rehabilitation.

Integration of Assistive Technology in the Information Age

Download Integration of Assistive Technology in the Information Age PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : IOS Press
ISBN 13 : 9781586031718
Total Pages : 370 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (317 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Integration of Assistive Technology in the Information Age by : Mounir Mokhtari

Download or read book Integration of Assistive Technology in the Information Age written by Mounir Mokhtari and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this book is to close the gap between high technology and accessibility for people having lost their independence due to the loss of physical and/or cognitive capabilities. Robots and mechatronic devices bring the opportunity to improve the autonomy of disabled people and facilitate their social and professional integration by assisting them to perform daily living tasks. Technical topics of interest include, but are not limited to: Communication and learning applications in SCI an CP, Interface and Internet-based designs, Issues in human-machine interaction, Personal robotics, Hardware and control, Evaluation methods, Clinical experience, Orthotics and prosthetics, Robotics for older adults, Service robotics, Movement physiology and motor control.

Cook & Hussey's Assistive Technologies

Download Cook & Hussey's Assistive Technologies PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0323039073
Total Pages : 593 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (23 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Cook & Hussey's Assistive Technologies by : Albert M. Cook

Download or read book Cook & Hussey's Assistive Technologies written by Albert M. Cook and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2008-01-01 with total page 593 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It's here: the latest edition of the one text you need to master assistive strategies, make confident clinical decisions, and help improve the quality of life for people with disabilities. Based on the Human Activity Assistive Technology (HAAT) model, Assistive Technologies: Principles and Practice, 4th Edition provides detailed coverage of the broad range of devices, services, and practices that comprise assistive technology, and focuses on the relationship between the human user and the assisted activity within specific contexts. Updated and expanded, this new edition features coverage of new ethical issues, more explicit applications of the HAAT model, and a variety of global issues highlighting technology applications and service delivery in developing countries. Human Activity Assistive Technology (HAAT) framework demonstrates assistive technology within common, everyday contexts for more relevant application. Focus on clinical application guides you in applying concepts to real-world situations. Review questions and chapter summaries in each chapter help you assess your understanding and identify areas where more study is needed. Content on the impact of AT on children and the role of AT in play and education for children with disabilities demonstrates how AT can be used for early intervention and to enhance development. Coverage of changing AT needs throughout the lifespan emphasizes how AT fits into people's lives and contributes to their full participation in society. Principles and practice of assistive technology provides the foundation for effective decision-making. NEW! Global issues content broadens the focus of application beyond North America to include technology applications and service delivery in developing countries. NEW! Ethical issues and occupational justice content exposes you to vital information as you start interacting with clients. NEW! More case studies added throughout the text foster an understanding of how assistive technologies are used and how they function. NEW! Updated content reflects current technology and helps keep you current. NEW! Explicit applications of the HAAT model in each of the chapters on specific technologies and more emphasis on the interactions among the elements make content even easier to understand.

Devices for Mobility and Manipulation for People with Reduced Abilities

Download Devices for Mobility and Manipulation for People with Reduced Abilities PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1466586451
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (665 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Devices for Mobility and Manipulation for People with Reduced Abilities by : Teodiano Freire Bastos-Filho

Download or read book Devices for Mobility and Manipulation for People with Reduced Abilities written by Teodiano Freire Bastos-Filho and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-05-05 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development and application of assistive technology can help those with reduced abilities improve their quality of life and reduce their dependence on others. Written in layman’s terms, Devices for Mobility and Manipulation for People with Reduced Abilities provides research and information on assistive technologies for non-technical people. While it highlights various mobility and manipulative technologies, with the exception of specific examples within the text, it keeps technical terminology, equations, and software details to a minimum. It presents technical material in a digestible way for people with reduced abilities as well as for their caregivers. Each chapter covers a specific technology, and starts with a general introduction of that technology, followed by the technical details and an assessment from the user’s viewpoint. This includes the user benefits and suitability, cost, reliability, and required infrastructure. The chapter also provides illustrations or photographs of the devices, and identifies shortcomings, current research related to the technology, and possible development opportunities. Each chapter provides the range of specifications for the equipment and includes a list of manufacturers. Discusses user advantages and conditions Examines technologies for robotic wheelchairs and prostheses Helps a clinician or user understand the different devices that support people with disabilities This book provides clinicians, users, and engineers with the details of different technologies, and also includes a guide to the technology that underpins each of these devices, making it easier for people to understand the devices. References are also included for scientists, designers, and other tech-savvy professionals interested in further information.

Rehabilitation Robotics

Download Rehabilitation Robotics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781601987419
Total Pages : 137 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (874 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Rehabilitation Robotics by : Robert Riener

Download or read book Rehabilitation Robotics written by Robert Riener and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Robotic rehabilitation devices have become increasingly important and popular in clinical and rehabilitation environments to facilitate prolonged duration of training, increased number of repetitions of movements, improved patient safety, less strenuous operation by therapists, and eventually, to improve the therapeutic outcome. Novel assistive technologies are becoming available as wearable devices that allow transferring the therapeutic training into home and work environments or assist the patient in day-to-day activities. This monograph summarizes the rationale for robot-assisted therapy and presents the technological steps in the evolution of the design and development of lower and upper extremity rehabilitation robots.

Interfacing Humans and Robots for Gait Assistance and Rehabilitation

Download Interfacing Humans and Robots for Gait Assistance and Rehabilitation PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030796302
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (37 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Interfacing Humans and Robots for Gait Assistance and Rehabilitation by : Carlos A. Cifuentes

Download or read book Interfacing Humans and Robots for Gait Assistance and Rehabilitation written by Carlos A. Cifuentes and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-16 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The concepts represented in this textbook are explored for the first time in assistive and rehabilitation robotics, which is the combination of physical, cognitive, and social human-robot interaction to empower gait rehabilitation and assist human mobility. The aim is to consolidate the methodologies, modules, and technologies implemented in lower-limb exoskeletons, smart walkers, and social robots when human gait assistance and rehabilitation are the primary targets. This book presents the combination of emergent technologies in healthcare applications and robotics science, such as soft robotics, force control, novel sensing methods, brain-computer interfaces, serious games, automatic learning, and motion planning. From the clinical perspective, case studies are presented for testing and evaluating how those robots interact with humans, analyzing acceptance, perception, biomechanics factors, and physiological mechanisms of recovery during the robotic assistance or therapy. Interfacing Humans and Robots for Gait Assistance and Rehabilitation will enable undergraduate and graduate students of biomedical engineering, rehabilitation engineering, robotics, and health sciences to understand the clinical needs, technology, and science of human-robot interaction behind robotic devices for rehabilitation, and the evidence and implications related to the implementation of those devices in actual therapy and daily life applications.

Soft Robotics in Rehabilitation

Download Soft Robotics in Rehabilitation PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128185392
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Soft Robotics in Rehabilitation by : Amir Jafari

Download or read book Soft Robotics in Rehabilitation written by Amir Jafari and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-02-20 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soft Robotics in Rehabilitation explores the specific branch of robotics dealing with developing robots from compliant and flexible materials. Unlike robots built from rigid materials, soft robots behave the way in which living organs move and adapt to their surroundings and allow for increased flexibility and adaptability for the user. This book is a comprehensive reference discussing the application of soft robotics for rehabilitation of upper and lower extremities separated by various limbs. The book examines various techniques applied in soft robotics, including the development of soft actuators, rigid actuators with soft behavior, intrinsically soft actuators, and soft sensors. This book is perfect for graduate students, researchers, and professional engineers in robotics, control, mechanical, and electrical engineering who are interested in soft robotics, artificial intelligence, rehabilitation therapy, and medical and rehabilitation device design and manufacturing. Outlines the application of soft robotic techniques to design platforms that provide rehabilitation therapy for disabled persons to help improve their motor functions Discusses the application of soft robotics for rehabilitation of upper and lower extremities separated by various limbs Offers readers the ability to find soft robotics devices, methods, and results for any limb, and then compare the results with other options provided in the book

Advanced Technologies in Rehabilitation

Download Advanced Technologies in Rehabilitation PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : IOS Press
ISBN 13 : 1607500183
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (75 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Advanced Technologies in Rehabilitation by : Andrea Gaggioli

Download or read book Advanced Technologies in Rehabilitation written by Andrea Gaggioli and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2009 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intends to examine the focus and aims that drive rehabilitation intervention and technology development. This book addresses the questions of what research is taking place to develop rehabilitation, applied technology and how we have been able to modify and measure responses in both healthy and clinical populations using these technologies.

Interfacing Humans and Machines for Rehabilitation and Assistive Devices

Download Interfacing Humans and Machines for Rehabilitation and Assistive Devices PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889718433
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (897 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Interfacing Humans and Machines for Rehabilitation and Assistive Devices by : Carlos A. Cifuentes

Download or read book Interfacing Humans and Machines for Rehabilitation and Assistive Devices written by Carlos A. Cifuentes and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-01-24 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dr Jan Veneman is employed by Hocoma AG. All other Topic Editors declare no competing interests with regards to the Research Topic subject.

Rehabilitation Robots for Neurorehabilitation in High-, Low-, and Middle-Income Countries

Download Rehabilitation Robots for Neurorehabilitation in High-, Low-, and Middle-Income Countries PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0323919359
Total Pages : 569 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (239 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Rehabilitation Robots for Neurorehabilitation in High-, Low-, and Middle-Income Countries by : Michelle Jillian Johnson

Download or read book Rehabilitation Robots for Neurorehabilitation in High-, Low-, and Middle-Income Countries written by Michelle Jillian Johnson and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2023-10-27 with total page 569 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rehabilitation Robots for Neurorehabilitation in High, Low, and Middle Income Countries: Current Practice, Barriers, and Future Directions describes the state-of-art research of stroke rehabilitation using robot systems in selected High Income Countries (HICs) and Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs), along with potential solutions that enable these technologies to be available to clinicians worldwide, regardless of country and economic status. The book brings together engineers and clinicians, offers insights into healthcare disparities, and highlights potential solutions to facilitate the availability and accessibility of more robot systems to stroke survivors and their clinicians worldwide, regardless of country and economic status.In addition, the book provides examples on how robotic technology is used to bridge rehabilitation gaps in LMICs and describes potential strategies for increasing the expansion of robot-assisted stroke rehabilitation across more LMICs. Provides a global picture of robot-assisted neurorehabilitation Describes stroke healthcare in selected LMICs and selected HICs, along with disparity issues Discusses potential barriers to the penetration of rehabilitation robots into LMICs Presents concrete examples on how clinicians and engineers have begun to address healthcare gaps with rehabilitation robotics and how to deal with accessibility barriers

Neuro-Robotics

Download Neuro-Robotics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9401789320
Total Pages : 444 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Neuro-Robotics by : Panagiotis Artemiadis

Download or read book Neuro-Robotics written by Panagiotis Artemiadis and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-10 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neuro-robotics is one of the most multidisciplinary fields of the last decades, fusing information and knowledge from neuroscience, engineering and computer science. This book focuses on the results from the strategic alliance between Neuroscience and Robotics that help the scientific community to better understand the brain as well as design robotic devices and algorithms for interfacing humans and robots. The first part of the book introduces the idea of neuro-robotics, by presenting state-of-the-art bio-inspired devices. The second part of the book focuses on human-machine interfaces for performance augmentation, which can seen as augmentation of abilities of healthy subjects or assistance in case of the mobility impaired. The third part of the book focuses on the inverse problem, i.e. how we can use robotic devices that physically interact with the human body, in order (a) to understand human motor control and (b) to provide therapy to neurologically impaired people or people with disabilities.

Universal Access and Assistive Technology

Download Universal Access and Assistive Technology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1447137191
Total Pages : 316 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (471 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Universal Access and Assistive Technology by : Simeon Keates

Download or read book Universal Access and Assistive Technology written by Simeon Keates and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first Cambridge Workshop on Universal Access and Assistive Technology (CWUAAT) was held at Trinity Hall, Cambridge, in March 2002. It was inspired by the earlier, highly successful Cambridge Workshops on Rehabilitation Robotics organised by the late Robin Jackson. Robin was the founder of Rehabilitation Research at Cambridge which now continues in the Engineering Design Centre within the Department of Engineering, led by John Clarkson and Simeon Keates, and in the Rainbow Group within the Computer Laboratory led by Peter Robinson. CWUAAT represents the first in a new series of workshops that we are aiming to hold every two years which, reflecting the spirit of recent moves to extend the rights for universal accessibility, will encourage discussion of a broad range of interests. There will be a general focus on product/solution development. Hence it is intended that the principal requirements for the successful design of assistive technology shall be addressed, where these range from the identification and capture of the needs of the users, through to the development and evaluation of truly usable and accessible systems for users with special needs. The best submissions received for the first CWUAAT are contained in this book, where the contributors are all leading researchers in the fields of Universal Access and Assistive Technology and represent a large part of the international research community. They include, though not exclusively, computer scientists, designers, engineers, industrial representatives, ergonomists and sociologists.

Robotics in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

Download Robotics in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0323879268
Total Pages : 221 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (238 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Robotics in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation by : Douglas P. Murphy

Download or read book Robotics in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation written by Douglas P. Murphy and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2023-09-27 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Robotics and VR systems are uniquely suited to provide functional assistance with mobility and activities of daily living, especially for patients with motor and sensory disorders of the central nervous system, stroke, traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, and cerebral palsy. Compiling both current knowledge and key challenges of robotic rehabilitation in one convenient text, Robotics in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation is a comprehensive, easy-to-follow resource on robotic and VR systems in all areas of medical rehabilitation. Covers the impact of robotics and artificial intelligence on all aspects of health care delivery. Focuses on the key technologies in developing robotics for a wide range of medical rehabilitation activities, including neuroprosthesis applications of robotic exoskeletons and brain-controlled assistive robotics and prosthetics. Addresses artificial intelligence, medical robotics in acute care medicine, and robots on the battlefield and in space travel. Contains chapters on the economics of the robotic industry and the future of robots in medicine. Ideal for physiatrists and PM&R residents and fellows; clinicians in orthopaedics, sports medicine, spinal cord injury, and occupational therapy; and specialists working with orthotics and prosthetics.