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Ring Formation In Linear And Nonlinear Polymerizations
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Book Synopsis Ring Formation in Linear and Nonlinear Polymerizations by : Richard James Rolando
Download or read book Ring Formation in Linear and Nonlinear Polymerizations written by Richard James Rolando and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ring-Forming Polymerizations Pt A by : Robert Cotter
Download or read book Ring-Forming Polymerizations Pt A written by Robert Cotter and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ring-forming Polymerizations, Part A: Carbocyclic and Metallorganic Rings covers polymerization reactions that form carbocyclic rings and those that lead to metallorganic ring-containing structures. This book is organized into 11 chapters. The first four chapters describe ring-forming polymerizations that lead to the formation of homocyclic carbon-containing rings. These chapters specifically examine Diels-Alder polymerizations and certain diisopropenyl monomers polymerization yielding high molecular weight polyindanes. Chapter V is an introduction to polymers from metals and unsaturated carbon compounds, which has been called a ""natural coordination polymer"". Chapters VI to X deal with metallorganic ring polymers formed by chelation and are arranged according to the elements in the ligands that are affecting chelation. The final chapter explores ring forming polymerizations that yield polysiloxanes, polysilazanes, and certain polymetalloxanes. This book will be of value to organic chemists and researchers, as well as to organic chemistry teachers and students.
Book Synopsis Ring-Forming Polymerizations Pt B 1 by : Robert Cotter
Download or read book Ring-Forming Polymerizations Pt B 1 written by Robert Cotter and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ring-Forming Polymerizations, Part B, 1: Heterocyclic Rings presents a comprehensive review and compilation of ring-forming polymerization reactions that proceed with the formation of heterocyclic rings. Emphasis is placed on polymerizations leading to linear, high molecular weight products. This book is comprised of three chapters and begins with a discussion on polymerizations that result in the formation of a multiple bond containing at least one heteroatom. The condensation of amines with carbonyl compounds to yield poly(Schiff bases) and related polymers is examined, along with other carbon-nitrogen double bond-forming polymerizations. The next chapter is devoted to the polymerization of rings containing two carbon atoms, including the polymerization of polyphenols with diboronic acids and that of diisocyanides with triorganoborons. The last chapter describes the polymerization of rings containing three carbon atoms, with particular reference to polyisoxazoles and related polymers, polythiazoles, polyimidazoles and related polymers, polypyrazoles, and polytriazines. This monograph will be of interest to polymer and organic chemists and others who are concerned with the polymer chemistry of living systems.
Book Synopsis Ring-Forming Polymerizations Pt B 2 by : Robert Cotter
Download or read book Ring-Forming Polymerizations Pt B 2 written by Robert Cotter and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 595 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ring-forming Polymerizations is a part of a volume that features a complete review and compilation of ring-forming polymerization reactions that result to heterocyclic ring formation. This book shows relevant growth in terms of research and commercial development in the area of polymer chemistry. This volume is comprised of four major chapters and is organized according to the specific heterocyclic ring structure resulting from ring-forming polymerizations. Each of the chapters is arranged further according to the polymer type and the different methods used in the preparation of that type, where emphasis is given to synthetic methods. This book specifically discusses the linear polymers that were intentionally made. Also, the structures presented are limited in scope considering that they are the result of the research cited in this book. However, claims that dispute a certain structure found in the research are also included to provide balance, fairness, and objectivity. Specifically, this book is a valuable resource for polymer and organic chemists. However, it can also be of great use to those scientists and researchers interested in the study of polymer chemistry of living systems.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Ring-Opening Polymerization by : Philippe Dubois
Download or read book Handbook of Ring-Opening Polymerization written by Philippe Dubois and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-03-02 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive, truly one-stop reference discusses monomers, methods, stereochemistry, industrial applications and more. Chapters written by internationally acclaimed experts in their respective fields cover both basic principles and up-to-date information, ranging from the controlled ring-opening polymerization methods to polymer materials of industrial interest. All main classes of monomers including heterocyclics, cyclic olefins and alkynes, and cycloalkanes, are discussed separately as well as their specificities regarding the ring-opening polymerization techniques, the mechanisms, the degree of control, the properties of the related polymers and their applications. The two last chapters are devoted to the implementation of green chemistry in ring-opening polymerization processes. Of much interest to chemists in academia and industry.
Book Synopsis Polymer Science: A Comprehensive Reference by :
Download or read book Polymer Science: A Comprehensive Reference written by and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2012-12-05 with total page 7752 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The progress in polymer science is revealed in the chapters of Polymer Science: A Comprehensive Reference, Ten Volume Set. In Volume 1, this is reflected in the improved understanding of the properties of polymers in solution, in bulk and in confined situations such as in thin films. Volume 2 addresses new characterization techniques, such as high resolution optical microscopy, scanning probe microscopy and other procedures for surface and interface characterization. Volume 3 presents the great progress achieved in precise synthetic polymerization techniques for vinyl monomers to control macromolecular architecture: the development of metallocene and post-metallocene catalysis for olefin polymerization, new ionic polymerization procedures, and atom transfer radical polymerization, nitroxide mediated polymerization, and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer systems as the most often used controlled/living radical polymerization methods. Volume 4 is devoted to kinetics, mechanisms and applications of ring opening polymerization of heterocyclic monomers and cycloolefins (ROMP), as well as to various less common polymerization techniques. Polycondensation and non-chain polymerizations, including dendrimer synthesis and various "click" procedures, are covered in Volume 5. Volume 6 focuses on several aspects of controlled macromolecular architectures and soft nano-objects including hybrids and bioconjugates. Many of the achievements would have not been possible without new characterization techniques like AFM that allowed direct imaging of single molecules and nano-objects with a precision available only recently. An entirely new aspect in polymer science is based on the combination of bottom-up methods such as polymer synthesis and molecularly programmed self-assembly with top-down structuring such as lithography and surface templating, as presented in Volume 7. It encompasses polymer and nanoparticle assembly in bulk and under confined conditions or influenced by an external field, including thin films, inorganic-organic hybrids, or nanofibers. Volume 8 expands these concepts focusing on applications in advanced technologies, e.g. in electronic industry and centers on combination with top down approach and functional properties like conductivity. Another type of functionality that is of rapidly increasing importance in polymer science is introduced in volume 9. It deals with various aspects of polymers in biology and medicine, including the response of living cells and tissue to the contact with biofunctional particles and surfaces. The last volume is devoted to the scope and potential provided by environmentally benign and green polymers, as well as energy-related polymers. They discuss new technologies needed for a sustainable economy in our world of limited resources. Provides broad and in-depth coverage of all aspects of polymer science from synthesis/polymerization, properties, and characterization methods and techniques to nanostructures, sustainability and energy, and biomedical uses of polymers Provides a definitive source for those entering or researching in this area by integrating the multidisciplinary aspects of the science into one unique, up-to-date reference work Electronic version has complete cross-referencing and multi-media components Volume editors are world experts in their field (including a Nobel Prize winner)
Book Synopsis Introduction to Polymers, Third Edition by : Robert J. Young
Download or read book Introduction to Polymers, Third Edition written by Robert J. Young and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-06-27 with total page 690 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thoroughly updated, Introduction to Polymers, Third Edition presents the science underpinning the synthesis, characterization and properties of polymers. The material has been completely reorganized and expanded to include important new topics and provide a coherent platform for teaching and learning the fundamental aspects of contemporary polymer science. New to the Third Edition Part I This first part covers newer developments in polymer synthesis, including ‘living’ radical polymerization, catalytic chain transfer and free-radical ring-opening polymerization, along with strategies for the synthesis of conducting polymers, dendrimers, hyperbranched polymers and block copolymers. Polymerization mechanisms have been made more explicit by showing electron movements. Part II In this part, the authors have added new topics on diffusion, solution behaviour of polyelectrolytes and field-flow fractionation methods. They also greatly expand coverage of spectroscopy, including UV visible, Raman, infrared, NMR and mass spectroscopy. In addition, the Flory–Huggins theory for polymer solutions and their phase separation is treated more rigorously. Part III A completely new, major topic in this section is multicomponent polymer systems. The book also incorporates new material on macromolecular dynamics and reptation, liquid crystalline polymers and thermal analysis. Many of the diagrams and micrographs have been updated to more clearly highlight features of polymer morphology. Part IV The last part of the book contains major new sections on polymer composites, such as nanocomposites, and electrical properties of polymers. Other new topics include effects of chain entanglements, swelling of elastomers, polymer fibres, impact behaviour and ductile fracture. Coverage of rubber-toughening of brittle plastics has also been revised and expanded. While this edition adds many new concepts, the philosophy of the book remains unchanged. Largely self-contained, the text fully derives most equations and cross-references topics between chapters where appropriate. Each chapter not only includes a list of further reading to help readers expand their knowledge of the subject but also provides problem sets to test understanding, particularly of numerical aspects.
Download or read book Polymers written by J.M.G. Cowie and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1991-06-01 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text follows a broad sequence of preparation, characterization, physical and mechanical properties and structure-property relations. Polymers: Chemistry and Physics of Modern Materials, Second Edition covers several methods of polymerization, properties, and advanced applications such as liquid crystals and polymers used in the electronics industry. Topics also include Step-Growth, Free Radical Addition, and Ionic Polymerization; Copolymerization; Polymer Stereochemistry and Characterization; Structure-Property Relationship; Polymer Liquid Crystals; and Polymers for the Electronics Industry.
Download or read book Cyclic Polymers written by E.R. Semlyen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Synthetic polymers based on long chain molecules have been investigated intensively for over 50 years. They have found important applications as plastics, fibres, rubbers and other materials. The chain molecules may be simple linear structures or they may be branched or cross-linked. During the past decade, sharp fractions of the first synthetic cyclic polymer have been prepared. These fractions of cyclic poly(dimethyl siloxane) consist of ring molecules containing hundreds of skeletal bonds. Some of their properties have been found to be quite different from those of the corresponding linear polymers. Synthetic cyclic polymers, including cyclic polystyrene, have joined the naturally occurring circular DNAs as examples of substantially large ring molecules. This book aims to review current knowledge of cyclic polymers and biological ring macromolecules. In addition, it discusses theories of cyclic macromolecules and describes cyclization processes involving long chain molecules. Since 1865, when Kekule proposed a simple ring structure for benzene, larger and larger ring molecules have been synthesized in the laboratory and discovered in nature. Many more examples are to be expected in the future. In time, large ring molecules should take their proper place alongside long chain molecules as one of the two possible constituent structural units of polymers.
Book Synopsis Reaction Engineering of Step Growth Polymerization by : Santosh K. Gupta
Download or read book Reaction Engineering of Step Growth Polymerization written by Santosh K. Gupta and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The literature in polymerization reaction engineering has bloomed sufficiently in the last several years to justify our attempt in putting together this book. Rather than offer a comprehensive treatment of the entire field, thereby duplicating earlier texts as well as some ongoing bookwriting efforts, we decided to narrow down our aim to step growth polymerization systems. This not only provides us the lUxury of a more elaborate presentation within the constraints of production costs, but also enables us to remain on somewhat familiar terrain. The style and format we have selected are those of a textbook. The first six chapters present the principles of step growth polymerization. These are quite general, and can easily be applied in such diverse and emerging fields as polymerization applications in photolithography and microelec tronics. A detailed discussion of several important step growth polymeriz ations follows in the next five chapters. One could cover the first six chapters of this book in about six to eight weeks of a three-credit graduate course on polymerization reactors, with the other chapters assigned for reading. This could be followed by a discussion of chain-growth and other polymeriz ations, with which our material blends well. Alternately, the entire contents of this book could be covered in a course on step growth systems alone.
Book Synopsis Zwitterionic Polymerization for the Synthesis of High Molecular Weight Cyclic Polymers by : Hayley A. Brown
Download or read book Zwitterionic Polymerization for the Synthesis of High Molecular Weight Cyclic Polymers written by Hayley A. Brown and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Topological isomerism in macromolecules represents a fascinating field of study. Linear polymers form the basis of much of the current scientific understanding of bulk polymer behavior due to their simple structure and synthetic accessibility. In contrast, cyclic polymers remain poorly understood due to the difficulty in generating sufficient quantities of pure samples; in particular, high molecular weight samples where phenomena related to entanglement could be observed have eluded polymer chemists until recently. Among the several strategies employed for the synthesis of high molecular weight cyclic polymers, recent reports have highlighted the utility of zwitterionic ring-opening polymerization (ZROP). Efforts to understand the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) mediated ring-opening of strained lactones have led to the development of several mechanistic models. Kinetic studies on the NHC-mediated polymerization of [epsilon]-caprolactone (CL) and [delta]-valerolactone (VL) were conducted to account for the notably high molecular weight cyclic polyerms generated. While the two monomer systems are closely related and polymerize with the same NHC initiators, a difference in the dependence of the reaction rate on monomer is observed. A general mechanism is proposed for the polymerization of VL. Exploiting the utility of ZROP to generate high molecular weight poly([epsilon]-caprolactone) allowed for a comparative study on the bulk crystallization of cyclic PCL and linear PCL across a range of molecular weights. WAXS and SAXS studies show that linear and cyclic PCL exhibit the same global and local crystalline structure but that cyclic PCL crystallizes more rapidly than linear PCL. Isothermal DSC crystallization kinetic studies support this observation and indicate that the difference in crystallization rate increases with increasing molecular weight. Approximating the equilibrium melting temperature of these samples using the Hoffmann-Weeks method indicates that there is no significant difference in Tm0 between cyclic and linear PCL. In an attempt to broaden the scope of initiators for the ZROP of strained lactones, the use of amidines for the polymerization of lactide was explored. 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0] undec-7-ene (DBU) and 1,5-Diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene (DBN) were shown to mediate the ZROP of lactide to give predominantly cyclic poly(lactide) (PLA). A notable solvent effect with no polymerization occurring in neat tetrahydrofuran (THF), fast polymerization with formation of significant amounts of linear PLA in dichloromethane (DCM), and moderate rate of polymerization with minimal formation of linear PLA in THF:DCM blends. DFT computations suggest that the formation of a neutral tricyclic species, a zwitterionic species, and a ketene-aminal are energetically feasible. This ketene-aminal is thought to be the source of the linear PLA observed. Our efforts to develop a more hydrolytically stable family of cyclic polymers led to the investigation of the ZROP of strained cyclic carbosiloxanes. NHC-mediated polymerization of 2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-2,5-disila-1-oxacyclopentane occurs rapidly to give polymers with molecular weights exceeding 106 g/mol. While these polymerizations are difficult to control, the cyclic topology of the resulting polymers could be confirmed by comparative dilute solution viscosity studies and MALDI-TOF MS. As a complimentary strategy to the use of neutral nucleophiles to initiate anionic-like zwitterionic polymerization, neutral Lewis acids were tested for the electrophilic zwitterionic ring opening polymerization (EZROP) of strained heterocycles. Polymerization of 2-ethyl-2-oxaline proceeds slowly at elevated temperature with boron-based Lewis acids to give HF-capped linear chains, determined by MALDI-TOF MS. In contrast, the polymerization of 3,3-dimethyloxetane proceeds very rapidly at room temperature with B(C6F5)3 to give a mixture of polymer products likely resulting from methyl scrambling between chains.
Book Synopsis Ring-opening Polymerization by : Kenneth John Ivin
Download or read book Ring-opening Polymerization written by Kenneth John Ivin and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ei Engineering Conference Index: pt. 1. Civil, environmental, and geological engineering by :
Download or read book Ei Engineering Conference Index: pt. 1. Civil, environmental, and geological engineering written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 1412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ring Opening Metathesis Polymerisation and Related Chemistry by : Ezat Khosravi
Download or read book Ring Opening Metathesis Polymerisation and Related Chemistry written by Ezat Khosravi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the last ASI in Turkey in Sept. 1995, the olefin metathesis has made remarkable strong developments with an incredible speed in various directions. New catalyst systems have been developed which have resulted in the synthesis of novel materials. Other fascinating developments have been the new catalysts for stereoselective metathesis and catalysts with considerable functional group tolerance. These new catalysts in addition to Ring Opening Metathesis Polymerisation (ROMP) and Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET) are now powerful tools for Ring Closing Metathesis (RCM) and have found many applications in the synthesis of natural products. A lot of information has been established about all aspects of the olefin metathesis and there is a vast literature concerning the process, covering the initiators, mechanistic features and applications of this reaction in organic and polymer synthesis. The NATO ASI on rd th ROMP and Related Chemistry took place in Polanica-Zdroj, Poland during 3 to 15 Sept. 2000, to highlight the developments in this area and to discuss the prospects and visions for the year 2000 and beyond. The aims of the ASI were: to provide a platform for dissemination of knowledge; to promote communication between people who have a serious interest in this field of chemistry; to help establishing international scientific contacts and to provide an opportunity for the scientists with an appropriate scientific background to learn of recent developments in this field of science. There were 15 lecturers and 67 participants in this NATO ASI.
Book Synopsis Ring-forming Polymerizations [by] Robert J. Cotter and Markus Matzner by : Robert J. Cotter
Download or read book Ring-forming Polymerizations [by] Robert J. Cotter and Markus Matzner written by Robert J. Cotter and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Large Ring Molecules by : J. A. Semlyen
Download or read book Large Ring Molecules written by J. A. Semlyen and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 746 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a series of reviews on topics including circular DNA and other cyclic biological macromolecules, synthetic polymers and large organic and inorganic ring molecules, internationally renowned authors survey the many important advances in the area of large ring molecules. Large Ring Molecules examines the new and fascinating development of large cyclics including topological aspects such as catenane and rotaxane formation. Current research in large ring molecules is leading to new concepts and ideas which are illustrated by chapters on cyclic molecules formed by self assembly and molecular recognition. Large Ring Molecules will be invaluable for researchers in physical, organic, inorganic, biological, polymer, topological, analytical, theoretical and supramolecular chemistry.
Book Synopsis Biological and Synthetic Polymer Networks by : O. Kramer
Download or read book Biological and Synthetic Polymer Networks written by O. Kramer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biological and Synthetic Polymer Networks contains 36 papers selected from the papers presented at NETWORKS 86, the 8th Polymer Networks Group Meeting. NETWORKS 86 was held in Elsinore, Denmark, on 31 August 5 September 1986. A total of nine invited main lectures and 68 contributed papers were presented at the meeting. A wide range of important biological and synthetic materials consist of three-dimensional polymer networks. The properties range from very stiff structural materials to extremely flexible rubbery materials and gels. Most polymer networks are permanent networks held together by covalent bonds. Such networks are insoluble but they may swell considerably in good solvents. Polymer networks held together by ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds or so-called entanglements are of a more temporary nature. At long times they exhibit a tendency to flow, and they are soluble in good solvents. The paper by Professor Walther Burchard and his co-workers, 'Covalent, Thermoreversible and Entangled Networks: An Attempt at Comparison', serves as a general introduction to polymer networks. The book contains both theoretical and experimental papers on the formation, characterisation and properties of polymer networks. Two topics were given special sessions at the meeting, namely Biological Networks and Swelling of Polymer Networks.