Remote Sensing Based Characterization 2 M Plant Functional Type Distributions Barrow Environmental Observatory 2010

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Remote Sensing-based Characterization, 2-m, Plant Functional Type Distributions, Barrow Environmental Observatory, 2010

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis Remote Sensing-based Characterization, 2-m, Plant Functional Type Distributions, Barrow Environmental Observatory, 2010 by :

Download or read book Remote Sensing-based Characterization, 2-m, Plant Functional Type Distributions, Barrow Environmental Observatory, 2010 written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arctic ecosystems have been observed to be warming faster than the global average and are predicted to experience accelerated changes in climate due to global warming. Arctic vegetation is particularly sensitive to warming conditions and likely to exhibit shifts in species composition, phenology and productivity under changing climate. Mapping and monitoring of changes in vegetation is essential to understand the effect of climate change on the ecosystem functions. Vegetation exhibits unique spectral characteristics which can be harnessed to discriminate plant types and develop quantitative vegetation indices. We have combined high resolution multi-spectral remote sensing from the WorldView 2 satellite with LIDAR-derived digital elevation models to characterize the tundra landscape on the North Slope of Alaska. Classification of landscape using spectral and topographic characteristics yields spatial regions with expectedly similar vegetation characteristics. A field campaign was conducted during peak growing season to collect vegetation harvests from a number of 1m x 1m plots in the study region, which were then analyzed for distribution of vegetation types in the plots. Statistical relationships were developed between spectral and topographic characteristics and vegetation type distributions at the vegetation plots. These derived relationships were employed to statistically upscale the vegetation distributions for the landscape based on spectral characteristics. Vegetation distributions developed are being used to provide Plant Functional Type (PFT) maps for use in the Community Land Model (CLM).

Remote Sensing-based Characterization of Plant Functional Type Distributions at the Barrow Environmental Observatory

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis Remote Sensing-based Characterization of Plant Functional Type Distributions at the Barrow Environmental Observatory by :

Download or read book Remote Sensing-based Characterization of Plant Functional Type Distributions at the Barrow Environmental Observatory written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arctic ecosystems have been observed to be warming faster than the global average and are predicted to experience accelerated changes in climate due to global warming. Arctic vegetation is particularly sensitive to warming conditions and likely to exhibit shifts in species composition, phenology and productivity under changing climate. Mapping and monitoring of changes in vegetation is essential to understand the effect of climate change on the ecosystem functions. Vegetation exhibits unique spectral characteristics which can be harnessed to discriminate plant types and develop quantitative vegetation indices. We have combined high resolution multi-spectral remote sensing from the WorldView 2 satellite with LIDAR-derived digital elevation models to characterize the tundra landscape on the North Slope of Alaska. Classification of landscape using spectral and topographic characteristics yields spatial regions with expectedly similar vegetation characteristics. A field campaign was conducted during peak growing season to collect vegetation harvests from a number of 1m x 1m plots in the study region, which were then analyzed for distribution of vegetation types in the plots. Statistical relationships were developed between spectral and topographic characteristics and vegetation type distributions at the vegetation plots. These derived relationships were employed to statistically upscale the vegetation distributions for the landscape based on spectral characteristics. Vegetation distributions developed are being used to provide Plant Functional Type (PFT) maps for use in the Community Land Model (CLM).

Vegetation Dynamics

Author : R. Knapp
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401023441
Total Pages : 333 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Vegetation Dynamics by : R. Knapp

Download or read book Vegetation Dynamics written by R. Knapp and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the International Botanical Congress in Edinburgh, 1964, Mrs. 1. M. WEISBACH-J UNK of The Hague discussed a plan for preparation by her publishing company (Dr. W. Junk b.v.) of an international Handbook of Vegetation Science. She proposed a series that should give a comprehensive survey of the varied directions within this science, and their achievements to date as well as their objectives for the future. The challenge of such an enterprise, and its evident value for the further development of vegetation research, induced the undersigned after some consideration to accept the offer of the honorable but also burdensome task of General Editor. The decision was encouraged by a well formulated and detailed outline for the Handbook worked out by the Dutch phytosociolo gists J. J. BARKMAN and V. WESTHOFF. A circle of scholars from numerous countries was invited by the Dr. Junk Publishing Com pany to The Hague in January 1966 to draw up a list of editors and contributors for the parts of the Handbook. The outline and list have served since for the organization of the Handbook, with no need for major change. The different burdens of editors and authors have compelled quite different timings for completion of the individual sections.

Mangrove Ecosystems: A Global Biogeographic Perspective

Author : Victor H. Rivera-Monroy
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319622064
Total Pages : 407 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)

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Book Synopsis Mangrove Ecosystems: A Global Biogeographic Perspective by : Victor H. Rivera-Monroy

Download or read book Mangrove Ecosystems: A Global Biogeographic Perspective written by Victor H. Rivera-Monroy and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-03 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a comprehensive overview and analysis of mangrove ecological processes, structure, and function at the local, biogeographic, and global scales and how these properties interact to provide key ecosystem services to society. The analysis is based on an international collaborative effort that focuses on regions and countries holding the largest mangrove resources and encompasses the major biogeographic and socio-economic settings of mangrove distribution. Given the economic and ecological importance of mangrove wetlands at the global scale, the chapters aim to integrate ecological and socio-economic perspectives on mangrove function and management using a system-level hierarchical analysis framework. The book explores the nexus between mangrove ecology and the capacity for ecosystem services, with an emphasis on thresholds, multiple stressors, and local conditions that determine this capacity. The interdisciplinary approach and illustrative study cases included in the book will provide valuable resources in data, information, and knowledge about the current status of one of the most productive coastal ecosystem in the world.

Principles of Environmental Physics

Author : John Monteith
Publisher : Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN 13 : 9780713129311
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (293 download)

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Book Synopsis Principles of Environmental Physics by : John Monteith

Download or read book Principles of Environmental Physics written by John Monteith and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 1990-02-15 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thoroughly revised and up-dated edition of a highly successful textbook.

Earth Observation for Biodiversity Monitoring

Author : Cristina Secades
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789292255183
Total Pages : 186 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (551 download)

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Book Synopsis Earth Observation for Biodiversity Monitoring by : Cristina Secades

Download or read book Earth Observation for Biodiversity Monitoring written by Cristina Secades and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Vegetation Monitoring

Author : Caryl L. Elzinga
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9780788148378
Total Pages : 190 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (483 download)

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Book Synopsis Vegetation Monitoring by : Caryl L. Elzinga

Download or read book Vegetation Monitoring written by Caryl L. Elzinga and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1998-05 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This annotated bibliography documents literature addressing the design and implementation of vegetation monitoring. It provides resources managers, ecologists, and scientists access to the great volume of literature addressing many aspects of vegetation monitoring: planning and objective setting, choosing vegetation attributes to measure, sampling design, sampling methods, statistical and graphical analysis, and communication of results. Over half of the 1400 references have been annotated. Keywords pertaining to the type of monitoring or method are included with each bibliographic entry. Keyword index.

Global Climate Change Impacts in the United States

Author : U.S. Global Change Research Program
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521144078
Total Pages : 193 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (211 download)

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Book Synopsis Global Climate Change Impacts in the United States by : U.S. Global Change Research Program

Download or read book Global Climate Change Impacts in the United States written by U.S. Global Change Research Program and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-08-24 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Summarizes the science of climate change and impacts on the United States, for the public and policymakers.

EOS Science Plan

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 406 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis EOS Science Plan by :

Download or read book EOS Science Plan written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Earth Observation of Ecosystem Services

Author : Domingo Alcaraz-Segura
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1466505885
Total Pages : 520 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (665 download)

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Book Synopsis Earth Observation of Ecosystem Services by : Domingo Alcaraz-Segura

Download or read book Earth Observation of Ecosystem Services written by Domingo Alcaraz-Segura and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-11-12 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A balanced review of differing approaches based on remote sensing tools and methods to assess and monitor biodiversity, carbon and water cycles, and the energy balance of terrestrial ecosystem. Earth Observation of Ecosystem Services highlights the advantages Earth observation technologies offer for quantifying and monitoring multiple ecosystem functions and services. It provides a multidisciplinary reference that expressly covers the use of remote sensing for quantifying and monitoring multiple ecosystem services. Rather than exhaustively cover all possible ecosystem services, this book takes a global look at the most relevant remote sensing approaches to estimate key ecosystem services from satellite data. Structured in four main sections, it covers carbon cycle, biodiversity, water cycle, and energy balance. Each section contains a review of conceptual and empirical methods, techniques, and case studies linking remotely sensed data to the biophysical variables and ecosystem functions associated with key ecosystem services. The book identifies relevant issues and challenges of assessment, presents cutting-edge sensing techniques, uses globally implemented tools to quantify ecosystem functions, and presents examples of successful monitoring programs. Covering recent developments undertaken on the global and national stage from Earth observation satellite data, it includes valuable lessons and recommendations and novel ways to improve current global monitoring systems. The book delineates the use of Earth observation data so that it can be used to quantify, map, value, and manage the valuable goods and services that ecosystems provide to societies around the world.

Responding to Oil Spills in the U.S. Arctic Marine Environment

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 030929889X
Total Pages : 343 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Responding to Oil Spills in the U.S. Arctic Marine Environment by : National Research Council

Download or read book Responding to Oil Spills in the U.S. Arctic Marine Environment written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2014-08-01 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: U.S. Arctic waters north of the Bering Strait and west of the Canadian border encompass a vast area that is usually ice covered for much of the year, but is increasingly experiencing longer periods and larger areas of open water due to climate change. Sparsely inhabited with a wide variety of ecosystems found nowhere else, this region is vulnerable to damage from human activities. As oil and gas, shipping, and tourism activities increase, the possibilities of an oil spill also increase. How can we best prepare to respond to such an event in this challenging environment? Responding to Oil Spills in the U.S. Arctic Marine Environment reviews the current state of the science regarding oil spill response and environmental assessment in the Arctic region north of the Bering Strait, with emphasis on the potential impacts in U.S. waters. This report describes the unique ecosystems and environment of the Arctic and makes recommendations to provide an effective response effort in these challenging conditions. According to Responding to Oil Spills in the U.S. Arctic Marine Environment, a full range of proven oil spill response technologies is needed in order to minimize the impacts on people and sensitive ecosystems. This report identifies key oil spill research priorities, critical data and monitoring needs, mitigation strategies, and important operational and logistical issues. The Arctic acts as an integrating, regulating, and mediating component of the physical, atmospheric and cryospheric systems that govern life on Earth. Not only does the Arctic serve as regulator of many of the Earth's large-scale systems and processes, but it is also an area where choices made have substantial impact on life and choices everywhere on planet Earth. This report's recommendations will assist environmentalists, industry, state and local policymakers, and anyone interested in the future of this special region to preserve and protect it from damaging oil spills.

The Arctic in the Anthropocene

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309301866
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis The Arctic in the Anthropocene by : National Research Council

Download or read book The Arctic in the Anthropocene written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2014-07-31 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Once ice-bound, difficult to access, and largely ignored by the rest of the world, the Arctic is now front and center in the midst of many important questions facing the world today. Our daily weather, what we eat, and coastal flooding are all interconnected with the future of the Arctic. The year 2012 was an astounding year for Arctic change. The summer sea ice volume smashed previous records, losing approximately 75 percent of its value since 1980 and half of its areal coverage. Multiple records were also broken when 97 percent of Greenland's surface experienced melt conditions in 2012, the largest melt extent in the satellite era. Receding ice caps in Arctic Canada are now exposing land surfaces that have been continuously ice covered for more than 40,000 years. What happens in the Arctic has far-reaching implications around the world. Loss of snow and ice exacerbates climate change and is the largest contributor to expected global sea level rise during the next century. Ten percent of the world's fish catches comes from Arctic and sub-Arctic waters. The U.S. Geological Survey estimated that up to 13 percent of the world's remaining oil reserves are in the Arctic. The geologic history of the Arctic may hold vital clues about massive volcanic eruptions and the consequent release of massive amount of coal fly ash that is thought to have caused mass extinctions in the distant past. How will these changes affect the rest of Earth? What research should we invest in to best understand this previously hidden land, manage impacts of change on Arctic communities, and cooperate with researchers from other nations? The Arctic in the Anthropocene reviews research questions previously identified by Arctic researchers, and then highlights the new questions that have emerged in the wake of and expectation of further rapid Arctic change, as well as new capabilities to address them. This report is meant to guide future directions in U.S. Arctic research so that research is targeted on critical scientific and societal questions and conducted as effectively as possible. The Arctic in the Anthropocene identifies both a disciplinary and a cross-cutting research strategy for the next 10 to 20 years, and evaluates infrastructure needs and collaboration opportunities. The climate, biology, and society in the Arctic are changing in rapid, complex, and interactive ways. Understanding the Arctic system has never been more critical; thus, Arctic research has never been more important. This report will be a resource for institutions, funders, policy makers, and students. Written in an engaging style, The Arctic in the Anthropocene paints a picture of one of the last unknown places on this planet, and communicates the excitement and importance of the discoveries and challenges that lie ahead.

Governing Africa's Forests in a Globalized World

Author : Laura Anne German
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136545514
Total Pages : 435 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (365 download)

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Book Synopsis Governing Africa's Forests in a Globalized World by : Laura Anne German

Download or read book Governing Africa's Forests in a Globalized World written by Laura Anne German and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2009-12-01 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many countries around the world are engaged in decentralization processes, and most African countries face serious problems with forest governance, from benefits sharing to illegality and sustainable forest management. This book summarizes experiences to date on the extent and nature of decentralization and its outcomes - most of which suggest an underperformance of governance reforms - and explores the viability of different governance instruments in the context of weak governance and expanding commercial pressures over forests. Findings are grouped into two thematic areas: decentralization, livelihoods and sustainable forest management; and international trade, finance and forest sector governance reforms. The authors examine diverse forces shaping the forest sector, including the theory and practice of decentralization, usurpation of authority, corruption and illegality, inequitable patterns of benefits capture and expansion of international trade in timber and carbon credits, and discuss related outcomes on livelihoods, forest condition and equity. The book builds on earlier volumes exploring different dimensions of decentralization and perspectives from other world regions, and distills dimensions of forest governance that are both unique to Africa and representative of broader global patterns. The authors ground their analysis in relevant theory while drawing out implications of their findings for policy and practice.

Pilot Analysis of Global Ecosystems

Author : Robin P. White
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 112 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Pilot Analysis of Global Ecosystems by : Robin P. White

Download or read book Pilot Analysis of Global Ecosystems written by Robin P. White and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The PAGE: Grassland Ecosystems focuses on a selected set of grassland goods and services: food, forage and livestock, biodiversity, carbon storage, and tourism and recreation. Each good or service is discussed in terms of its current status and modifications that have altered its condition such as cultivation, urbanization, fire, livestock grazing, and introduction of invasive species. Results show that although the major goods and services provided by grasslands are in good to fair condition, the capacity for grassland ecosystems to continue to provide these goods and services is declining. There have been unambiguous declines in the extent of grasslands, especially in the temperate zones of North America and Europe where these ecosystems have been cultivated or urbanized. Indicators of soil condition show that more than half of the grasslands in the study have some degree of soil degradation; over 5 percent of these grasslands are strongly to extremely degraded. Indicators of grassland biodiversity show marked declines in grassland birds of North America, with negative effects from fragmentation and non-native species suggested for this region and others. Although the carbon storage potential for grasslands is large, degraded areas store less carbon and there is heavy burning of some grassland areas, especially the African savannas. Tourism and recreational activities in grasslands appear to make important economic contributions to some countries, with revenues generally increasing. Overuse of some areas, and declines in wildlife populations, however, suggest possible declines in the capacity to continue to provide these services.

Lamto

Author : Luc Abbadie
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387338578
Total Pages : 422 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (873 download)

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Book Synopsis Lamto by : Luc Abbadie

Download or read book Lamto written by Luc Abbadie and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-11-22 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Synthesizing 40 years of ongoing ecological research, this book examines the structure, function, and dynamics of the Lamto humid savanna. From the history of the Lamto ecology station, to an overview of enivronmental conditions of the site, and examining the integrative view of energy and nutrient fluxes relative to the dynamics of the region's vegetation, this exacting work is as unique and treasured as Lamto itself.

The Earth Observer

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis The Earth Observer by :

Download or read book The Earth Observer written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The impact of disasters and crises on agriculture and food security: 2021

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN 13 : 9251340714
Total Pages : 245 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (513 download)

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Book Synopsis The impact of disasters and crises on agriculture and food security: 2021 by : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Download or read book The impact of disasters and crises on agriculture and food security: 2021 written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2021-03-17 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On top of a decade of exacerbated disaster loss, exceptional global heat, retreating ice and rising sea levels, humanity and our food security face a range of new and unprecedented hazards, such as megafires, extreme weather events, desert locust swarms of magnitudes previously unseen, and the COVID-19 pandemic. Agriculture underpins the livelihoods of over 2.5 billion people – most of them in low-income developing countries – and remains a key driver of development. At no other point in history has agriculture been faced with such an array of familiar and unfamiliar risks, interacting in a hyperconnected world and a precipitously changing landscape. And agriculture continues to absorb a disproportionate share of the damage and loss wrought by disasters. Their growing frequency and intensity, along with the systemic nature of risk, are upending people’s lives, devastating livelihoods, and jeopardizing our entire food system. This report makes a powerful case for investing in resilience and disaster risk reduction – especially data gathering and analysis for evidence informed action – to ensure agriculture’s crucial role in achieving the future we want.