Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Regulation Of Synapse Development By Activity Dependent Transcription In Inhibitory Neurons
Download Regulation Of Synapse Development By Activity Dependent Transcription In Inhibitory Neurons full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Regulation Of Synapse Development By Activity Dependent Transcription In Inhibitory Neurons ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Regulation of Synapse Development by Activity Dependent Transcription in Inhibitory Neurons by : Alan Robert Mardinly
Download or read book Regulation of Synapse Development by Activity Dependent Transcription in Inhibitory Neurons written by Alan Robert Mardinly and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neuronal activity and subsequent calcium influx activates a signaling cascade that causes transcription factors in the nucleus to rapidly induce an early-response program of gene expression. This early-response program is composed of transcriptional regulators that in turn induce transcription of late-response genes, which are enriched for regulators of synaptic development and plasticity that act locally at the synapse.
Book Synopsis Activity Dependent Regulation of Inhibitory Circuitry by : Nikhil Sharma
Download or read book Activity Dependent Regulation of Inhibitory Circuitry written by Nikhil Sharma and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inhibition controls information flow through a neural circuit by modulating synaptic integration, restricting action potentials, and coordinating the activity of ensembles of neurons. These functions are mediated by a diverse array of inhibitory neuron subtypes that synapse on defined domains of a postsynaptic neuron. Activity-dependent transcription controls inhibitory synapse number and function, but how this transcription program affects the inhibitory inputs that form on distinct domains of a neuron remains unclear. We find that behaviorally-driven expression of the transcription factor NPAS4 orchestrates the redistribution of inhibitory synapses made onto a pyramidal neuron, simultaneously promoting inhibitory synapse formation onto the cell body while destabilizing inhibitory synapses formed on the dendrites. This rearrangement of inhibition across a neuron is mediated in part by the NPAS4 target gene brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which specifically regulates somatic inhibition. These findings suggest that sensory stimuli, by inducing NPAS4 and its target genes, differentially control spatial features of neuronal inhibition in a way that restricts the output of the neuron while creating a dendritic environment that is permissive for plasticity.
Book Synopsis Functional Significance of Neuronal Activity-dependent Transcriptional Regulation in the Nervous System by : Elizabeth Jennifer Hong
Download or read book Functional Significance of Neuronal Activity-dependent Transcriptional Regulation in the Nervous System written by Elizabeth Jennifer Hong and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ability of extrinsic environmental cues to modify the nervous system is critical both for the appropriate maturation of the nervous system, as well as for important adaptive functions of the mature brain, such as learning and memory. The discovery that, in response to sensory experience, neurotransmitter release at synapses and subsequent calcium influx into postsynaptic neurons lead to the synthesis of new gene products suggested a compelling mechanism by which long-lasting, use-dependent changes occur in the nervous system. Despite considerable progress in our understanding of the program of neuronal activity-regulated gene expression, direct evidence that the activity-dependent component of transcription per se is specifically important for nervous system development or function has been elusive. The first part of this thesis addresses this question through the development of a mutant mouse model in which the activity-dependent component of Bdnf expression is specifically disrupted. We find that mutation of the CaRE3/CRE (CREm) at endogenous Bdnf promoter IV by gene targeting results in an animal in which the neuronal activity-dependent component of Bdnf transcription in the cortex is selectively disrupted. CREm knock-in mice exhibit a reduction in the number of inhibitory synapses formed by cortical neurons in culture, a reduction in spontaneous inhibitory quantal transmission measured in acute brain slices, and a reduction in the level of inhibitory presynaptic markers in the cortex.
Book Synopsis Transcriptional Regulation by Neuronal Activity by : Serena Dudek
Download or read book Transcriptional Regulation by Neuronal Activity written by Serena Dudek and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-24 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Regulation of gene transcription by neuronal activity is evident in a large number of neuronal processes ranging from neural development and refinement of neuronal connections to learning and response to injury. In the field of activity-dependent gene expression, rapid progress is being made that can impact these, and many other areas of neuroscience. This book offers an up-to-date picture of the field.
Book Synopsis Excitatory-Inhibitory Balance by : Takao K. Hensch
Download or read book Excitatory-Inhibitory Balance written by Takao K. Hensch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new perspective on brain function depends upon an understanding of the interaction and integration of excitation and inhibition. A recent surge in research activity focused on inhibitory interneurons now makes a more balanced view possible. Technological advances such as improved imaging methods, visualized patch-clamp recording, multiplex single-cell PCR, and gene-targeted deletion or knock-in mice are some of the novel tools featured in this book. This book will provide an integrated view of neuron function, operating in a balanced regime of excitation and inhibition. It is a timely contribution emphasizing how this balance is established, maintained, and modified from the molecular to system levels. The broad spectrum of topics from molecular to cellular and system/computational neuroscience will appeal to a wide audience of advanced graduate students, post-docs, and faculty. Moreover, this book this book features active young researchers from around the world, who are currently educating the brain scientists of tomorrow.
Book Synopsis Activity-dependent Regulation of Arc and Protein Kinase D in Neurons by : Vikram Ramnath Rao
Download or read book Activity-dependent Regulation of Arc and Protein Kinase D in Neurons written by Vikram Ramnath Rao and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The remarkable ability of the brain to convert transient experiences into enduring memories has long been attributed to activity-dependent changes in synaptic strength. Long-lasting changes in synaptic strength essential for learning and memory require neuronal gene expression, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. In particular, the mechanisms by which synaptic activity triggers neuronal gene expression, and by which gene products act specifically at synapses that triggered their expression, are poorly understood. To gain insight into these mechanisms, we investigated the activity-dependent regulation of Arc, an immediate-early gene essential for synaptic plasticity. We found that neurons regulate Arc expression at multiple levels, and that pathways that control Arc transcription integrate signals from NMDA and AMPA receptors. A role for AMPA receptors in regulating Arc expression is particularly surprising in light of the prevailing view that AMPA receptors mediate fast excitatory synaptic transmission and effect short-term plasticity, but do not directly regulate neuronal gene expression. We examined the mechanism by which AMPA receptors control Arc transcription and identified a role for pertussis toxin-sensitive G-proteins. This finding adds to a growing body of evidence that AMPA receptors are cell-surface signal transducers, not just passive conduits for current flux. We also provide preliminary evidence that another molecule, protein kinase D (PKD), may play a critical role in activity-dependent neuronal gene expression. PKD regulates histone deacetylase (HDAC)-mediated gene expression in cardiomyocytes and lymphocytes, but virtually nothing is known about its role in neurons. We found that NMDA receptor stimulation induces PKD activation and dendritic translocation. NMDA receptors also regulate the nucleocytoplasmic distribution of HDACs, suggesting that PKD may mediate a novel synapse-to-nucleus signal transduction pathway. Indeed, protein microarray experiments identified neuronal substrates of PKD that are known to regulate synaptic function. Thus, our investigation of Arc and PKD uncovered novel mechanisms by which neuronal activity couples to gene expression. The diversity of mechanisms that regulate Arc and PKD likely reflects the complexity of neuronal adaptive responses to synaptic activity.
Book Synopsis Activity-dependent Gene Regulation in Astroglia-derived Induced Neurons by : Nesrin Sharif
Download or read book Activity-dependent Gene Regulation in Astroglia-derived Induced Neurons written by Nesrin Sharif and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The limited regenerative capacity of the adult mammalian brain following neuronal injury has encouraged researchers to explore neuronal replacement strategies to repair neural circuits and to recover compromised behavioural functions. One strategy uses retroviruses that target proliferating glia cells to induce ectopic overexpression of neuronal transcription factors (TFs), leading to glia-to-neuron reprogramming. Although these induced neurons (iNs) have been shown to acquire a neuronal morphology and neuron-specific functional features, it is not known to which extent their molecular phenotype resembles that of endogenous neurons (eNs) and whether they display homeostatic synaptic plasticity, a feature that would allow them to functionally integrate into a pre-existing neuronal network. These two aims were addressed in this work by overexpressing the TF Neurog2 in postnatal cortical glia and coculturing these with cortical eNs that have already established a network in vitro to allow integration of newly generated iNs. After a period of two weeks, network activity was either pharmacologically inhibited or left unperturbed and single-nucleus (sn) RNA-sequencing was performed. Interestingly, the subsequent molecular characterization of the iN population pointed to two distinct sources of diversity among the iN population: molecular subtype identities, comprising a broad range of inferred cortical subtypes and distinct developmental stages. To assess if iNs undergo HSP, I investigated the transcriptional dynamics in response to activity inhibition and how these compare to the ones elicited in eNs. While eNs displayed regulation of gene signatures indicative of HSP, iNs displayed downregulation of dendritic and postsynaptic genes that correlated with a reduced morphological complexity following activity inhibition. Interestingly, a set of synapserelated genes that was upregulated by eNs in response to activity inhibition was found to be highly expressed in iNs under control condition. Furthermore, pharmacological network activity disinhibition resulted in minimal c-Fos upregulation in iNs compared to eNs, pointing to limited integration into the network and suggesting that the high basal expression of synaptic genes in iNs may reflect ongoing competition for synaptic input. Immunocytochemical stainings showed that GABAergic, but not glutamatergic synapses decorate iNs. Taken together, these data suggest that iNs are not yet functionally integrated into the network, despite wide expression of synaptic machinery-related genes. Lack of synaptic input may be constraining iN maturation, while their high basal expression of synapse-related genes may indicate an increased competition for synaptic input. In sum, this work provides the first snRNA-seq study comparing the molecular phenotype and activity-dependent transcriptome of glia-derived iNs and cortical eNs, and suggests avenues for refining the iN differentiation process towards a functionally more mature and responsive phenotype.
Book Synopsis Regulation of Gene Expression in the Nervous System by : Anna Maria Giuffrida Stella
Download or read book Regulation of Gene Expression in the Nervous System written by Anna Maria Giuffrida Stella and published by . This book was released on 1990-07-19 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers an up-to-date account of the latest research findings concerned with the regulatory mechanisms of gene expression in neuronal and glial cells under different conditions. The book explores the cellular and neurobiological aspects of important phenomena of the nervous system and its role in health, disease and injury. Contributions from prominent scientists in the field address a variety of specific topics concerned with gene expression in the nervous system--from growth, hormonal and trophic factors to neural tissue reactions in injury or aging.
Book Synopsis Regulation of Synapse Development by the Activity-regulated Transcription Factor MEF2 by : Steven Willem Flavell
Download or read book Regulation of Synapse Development by the Activity-regulated Transcription Factor MEF2 written by Steven Willem Flavell and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To characterize the mechanisms by which MEF2 regulates synapse development, we perform a series of genome-wide analyses that identify the full complement of activity-regulated MEF2 target genes. The MEF2 targets identified in this context encode proteins with diverse functions at synapses, suggesting a broad role for MEF2 in synapse development and remodeling. Moreover, several MEF2 targets are mutated in human neurological disorders including epilepsy and autism-spectrum disorders. These analyses also reveal that neuronal activity leads to alternative polyadenylation site usage at many of the MEF2 target genes, resulting in the activity-dependent production of truncated mRNAs that may function to antagonize the activity of their full-length counterparts. Together, these experiments identify and characterize a MEF2-regulated program of gene expression that provides a link between neuronal activity and synapse development.
Book Synopsis Synapse Development and Maturation by : Pasko Rakic
Download or read book Synapse Development and Maturation written by Pasko Rakic and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-05-29 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Synapse Development and Maturation, the latest release in the Comprehensive Developmental Neuroscience series, presents the latest information on the genetic, molecular and cellular mechanisms of neural development. The book provides a much-needed update that underscores the latest research in this rapidly evolving field, with new section editors discussing the technological advances that are enabling the pursuit of new research on brain development. This volume focuses on the synaptogenesis and developmental sequences in the maturation of intrinsic and synapse-driven patterns. Features leading experts in various subfields as section editors and article authors Presents articles that have been peer reviewed to ensure accuracy, thoroughness and scholarship Includes coverage of mechanisms which regulate synapse formation and maintenance during development Covers neural activity, from cell-intrinsic maturation, to early correlated patterns of activity
Book Synopsis Regulation and Transcriptional Role of CRTC1 During Activity in Neurons by : Martina DeSalvo
Download or read book Regulation and Transcriptional Role of CRTC1 During Activity in Neurons written by Martina DeSalvo and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Long term memory is mediated by long-lasting forms of synaptic plasticity that require new gene transcription for their persistence. Previous work has shown that neuronal CREB-regulated transcriptional coactivator 1 (CRTC1) plays a crucial role during learning and memory by regulating activity-dependent gene expression. We have shown that CRTC1 undergoes synapse-to-nucleus translocation to regulate transcription of CREB target genes in response to neuronal activity. In this thesis, we investigate the regulation and retrograde transport of CRTC1 in neurons and examine the nuclear role of CRTC1 in activity-dependent gene transcription. Our first goal was to identify the mechanisms by which CRTC1 responds to activity. We describe key synaptic processes necessary to trigger dephosphorylation of three serine residues that are required for dynein-mediated transport of CRTC1 to the nucleus. Our second goal was to understand the role of CRCT1 as a transcriptional coactivator. We use a combination of ChIP-seq, ATAC-seq and RNA-seq to understand how CRTC1 binding to CREB and other transcription factors correlates with changes in chromatin accessibility and transcription of activity-induced genes. Finally, we summarize a series of projects that attempt to elucidate how regulation of CRTC1's phosphorylation code may influence its function in neurons. These studies highlight the complexities of CRTC1 as an intrinsically disordered protein with 50 phosphorylated residues and a variety of potential interacting partners.
Book Synopsis Neurotransmitter Release by : Hugo J. Bellen
Download or read book Neurotransmitter Release written by Hugo J. Bellen and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1999 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides the reader with background information on neurotransmitter release. Emphasis is placed on the rationale by which proteins are assigned specific functions rather than just providing facts about function.
Book Synopsis Neural Plasticity and Memory by : Federico Bermudez-Rattoni
Download or read book Neural Plasticity and Memory written by Federico Bermudez-Rattoni and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-04-17 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive, multidisciplinary review, Neural Plasticity and Memory: From Genes to Brain Imaging provides an in-depth, up-to-date analysis of the study of the neurobiology of memory. Leading specialists share their scientific experience in the field, covering a wide range of topics where molecular, genetic, behavioral, and brain imaging techniq
Book Synopsis Inhibitory Synaptic Plasticity by : Melanie A. Woodin
Download or read book Inhibitory Synaptic Plasticity written by Melanie A. Woodin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-11-02 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume will explore the most recent findings on cellular mechanisms of inhibitory plasticity and its functional role in shaping neuronal circuits, their rewiring in response to experience, drug addiction and in neuropathology. Inhibitory Synaptic Plasticity will be of particular interest to neuroscientists and neurophysiologists.
Book Synopsis Activity-dependent Regulation of the Synaptic Action of Neurotrophin by : Lisa M. Boulanger
Download or read book Activity-dependent Regulation of the Synaptic Action of Neurotrophin written by Lisa M. Boulanger and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Imaging in Neuroscience and Development by : Rafael Yuste
Download or read book Imaging in Neuroscience and Development written by Rafael Yuste and published by CSHL Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 813 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As imaging studies have continued to expand in scope and sophistication, this new edition of the highly successful and well–received Imaging Neurons: A Laboratory Manualhas expanded to include development, with over twenty new chapters on such topics as MRI microscopy, imaging early developmental events, and labeling single neurons. Chapters on FRET, FCS/ICS, FRAP, hyperresolution microscopy, single molecule imaging, imaging with quantum dots, and imaging gene expression are included. With over forty full chapters, the manual also includes over forty sections of protocols for imaging techniques.
Book Synopsis Extrasynaptic GABAA Receptors by : Adam C. Errington
Download or read book Extrasynaptic GABAA Receptors written by Adam C. Errington and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-09-22 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: GABA is the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS and acts via GABAA and GABAB receptors. Recently, a novel form of GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition, termed “tonic” inhibition, has been described. Whereas synaptic GABAA receptors underlie classical “phasic” GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition (inhibitory postsynaptic currents), tonic GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition results from the activation of extrasynaptic receptors by low concentrations of ambient GABA. Extrasynaptic GABAA receptors are composed of receptor subunits that convey biophysical properties ideally suited to the generation of persistent inhibition and are pharmacologically and functionally distinct from their synaptic counterparts. This book highlights ongoing work examining the properties of recombinant and native extrasynaptic GABAA receptors and their preferential targeting by endogenous and clinically relevant agents. In addition, it emphasizes the important role of extrasynaptic GABAA receptors in GABAergic inhibition throughout the CNS and identifies them as a major player in both physiological and pathophysiological processes.
