mRNA Metabolism & Post-Transcriptional Gene Regulation

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 9780471142065
Total Pages : 372 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (42 download)

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Book Synopsis mRNA Metabolism & Post-Transcriptional Gene Regulation by : Joe B. Harford

Download or read book mRNA Metabolism & Post-Transcriptional Gene Regulation written by Joe B. Harford and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1997-03-28 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: mRNA METABOLISM & POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL GENE REGULATION Edited by Joe B. Harford and David R. Morris Gene expression is a process that begins with the transcription ofDNA to an RNA messenger (mRNA), which is then translated into aprotein. Historically, attention has been focused on the regulationof RNA synthesis (transcription); however, there is a growingrecognition of and appreciation for the importance of the manyregulatory mechanisms that take place after RNA synthesis has beencompleted. mRNA Metabolism and Post-Transcriptional Gene Regulation is thefirst comprehensive overview of the various modes of generegulation that exist post-transcriptionally. Collecting studies bysome of the top researchers in the field, this volume provides bothan up-to-date review of the complex "life" of an mRNA molecule andan introduction to current work on the diversity of mechanisms ofpost-transcriptional reactions. Topics covered include: * RNA structure * Mammalian RNA editing * RNA export from the nucleus * The fundamentals of translation initiation * Control of mRNA decay in plants * mRNA metabolism and cancer * Control of mRNA stability during herpes simplex virus infection * Regulation of mRNA expression in HIV-1 and other complexretroviruses * Nucleases * RNA localization A timely contribution to the understanding of genetic regulatorymechanisms, mRNA Metabolism and Post-Transcriptional GeneRegulation provides a basis from which potential therapeuticstrategies may be developed. This book will be of vital interest tocell and molecular biologists at all levels, from graduate studentsto senior investigators, clinical researchers, and professionals inthe pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries.

Regulating MRNA Metabolism

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 436 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (472 download)

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Book Synopsis Regulating MRNA Metabolism by : Natalie Gilks Farny

Download or read book Regulating MRNA Metabolism written by Natalie Gilks Farny and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Appropriate metabolic responses to environmental stress are critical for cellular survival. Regulation of translation initiation is a key stress response mechanism. We demonstrate the dynamic formation of stress granules (SGs) in Drosophila cells in response to heat and oxidative stress. SGs are sites of mRNA triage during cellular stress, and their formation is regulated by inhibition of translation initiation. Further, we show that heat stress bypasses the normal mechanisms that regulate translational arrest. The culmination of these results reveals several new mechanisms for the metabolic regulation of mRNAs. The processes elucidated here all intersect with human health and disease, highlighting the important role of regulation of mRNA metabolism for cellular function.

The mRNA Metabolism in Human Disease

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Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030199665
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis The mRNA Metabolism in Human Disease by : Luísa Romão

Download or read book The mRNA Metabolism in Human Disease written by Luísa Romão and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-07-24 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The eukaryotic gene expression pathway involves a number of interlinked steps, with messenger RNA (mRNA) being the key intermediate. The precursor mRNA is transcribed from DNA, processed by removal of introns and addition of the cap structure and the poly(A) tail. The mature mRNA is then exported to the cytoplasm where it is translated into protein and finally degraded. In this process, mRNA is associated with RNA-binding proteins forming ribonucleoprotein complexes, whose protein content evolves throughout the lifetime of the mRNA. While the complexity of eukaryotic gene expression allows the production of proteins to be controlled at many levels, it also makes the process vulnerable to errors. Although eukaryotic cells have evolved elaborate mRNA quality control mechanisms that ensure the fidelity of gene expression, some defects are not detected, thus affecting mRNA metabolism. This condition plays a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of several disease processes, such as neurodegeneration and oncogenesis. Besides, exciting recent data have shown that cellular RNAs can be modified post-transcriptionally via dynamic and reversible chemical modifications, the so-called epitranscriptome. These modifications can alter mRNA structure, being able to modulate different steps of the mRNA metabolism that can be associated with various human diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and cancer. This book provides a collection of novel studies and hypotheses aimed to define the pathophysiological consequences of altered mRNA metabolism events in human cells, and is written for a wide spectrum of readers in the field of gene expression regulation. The last chapter highlights how the discovery of disease-causing defects (or modifications) in mRNA can provide a variety of therapeutic targets that can be used for the development of new RNA-based therapeutics. Hopefully, it may also contribute to inspire the drug-developing scientific community.

Post-transcriptional Regulation of MRNA Metabolism During Differentiation of 3T3-L1 Cells

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 157 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (664 download)

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Book Synopsis Post-transcriptional Regulation of MRNA Metabolism During Differentiation of 3T3-L1 Cells by : Vesna Karschner

Download or read book Post-transcriptional Regulation of MRNA Metabolism During Differentiation of 3T3-L1 Cells written by Vesna Karschner and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our studies address early control points in the differentiation process that are necessary for expression as well as the maintenance of the adipocyte phenotype. We have focused on the post-transcriptional regulation of mRNA metabolism by the RNA binding protein HuR. Depending on the particular mRNA, HuR has been suggested to control polyadenylation, translocation to the cytosol, mRNA stability, and/or translational efficiency. Using the 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cell line, we have demonstrated a critical role for HuR in the differentiation process by use of siRNA mediated suppression which resulted in an inhibition of differentiation. We have identified several mRNAs that serve as HuR ligands early in the differentiation process, one of which is C/EBPβ, an important adipocyte transcription factor, whose expression is highly controlled and essential for proper acquisition of the adipocyte phenotype. Within minutes of induction of differentiation, HuR forms an mRNP complex with C/EBPβ mRNA in the nucleus followed by translocation to the cytoplasm. HuR remains associated with C/EBPβ mRNA suggesting a role in mRNA stability and translation efficiency. Our data suggest that formation of this complex in the nucleus serves as a regulator/attenuator of polyadenylation and that this interaction leads to a controlled metabolism of the C/EBPβ mRNA by determination of the quantity of message translocated to the cytosol and available for translation. Additionally, our data have directed us toward the Zfp206 mRNA as an important HuR ligand whose regulation is predicted to be responsible for maintenance of the differentiation potential of the cells and whose expression is terminated as the cells express PPARγ and establish the adipocyte phenotype. Our mechanistic analysis of these issues will identify novel control points in the initial stages of adipogenesis and thus fundamental to the pathological states of obesity and diabetes.

mRNA 3’ End Processing and Metabolism

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Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128235748
Total Pages : 502 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

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Book Synopsis mRNA 3’ End Processing and Metabolism by :

Download or read book mRNA 3’ End Processing and Metabolism written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-06-26 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: mRNA 3’ End Processing and Stability, Volume 655 in the Methods in Enzymology series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on a variety of timely topics. Each chapter is written by an international board of authors. Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors Presents the latest release in the Methods in Enzymology series Updated release includes the latest information on mRNA 3' End Processing and Stability

Emerging Technologies for Nutrition Research

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309174538
Total Pages : 729 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Emerging Technologies for Nutrition Research by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Emerging Technologies for Nutrition Research written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-09-03 with total page 729 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The latest of a series of publications based on workshops sponsored by the Committee on Military Nutrition Research, this book's focus on emerging technologies for nutrition research arose from a concern among scientists at the U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine that traditional nutrition research, using standard techniques, centered more on complex issues of the maintenance or enhancement of performance, and might not be sufficiently substantive either to measure changes in performance or to predict the effects on performance of stresses soldiers commonly experience in operational environments. The committee's task was to identify and evaluate new technologies to determine whether they could help resolve important issues in military nutrition research. The book contains the committee's summary and recommendations as well as individually authored chapters based on presentations at a 1995 workshop. Other chapters cover techniques of body composition assessment, tracer techniques for the study of metabolism, ambulatory techniques for the determination of energy expenditure, molecular and cellular approaches to nutrition, the assessment of immune function, and functional and behavioral measures of nutritional status.

Post‐Transcriptional Regulation by STAR Proteins

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1441970053
Total Pages : 176 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (419 download)

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Book Synopsis Post‐Transcriptional Regulation by STAR Proteins by : Talila Volk

Download or read book Post‐Transcriptional Regulation by STAR Proteins written by Talila Volk and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-01-11 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the available information on the structure of the RNA binding STAR domain and provides insights into how these proteins discriminate between different RNA targets. It reviews what is known about STAR proteins and human disease.

Control of MRNA Metabolism by Poly(A) Binding Protein and Development of the Tethered Function Assay

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 182 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Control of MRNA Metabolism by Poly(A) Binding Protein and Development of the Tethered Function Assay by : Jeffery Michael Coller

Download or read book Control of MRNA Metabolism by Poly(A) Binding Protein and Development of the Tethered Function Assay written by Jeffery Michael Coller and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Long Non Coding RNA Biology

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811052034
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Long Non Coding RNA Biology by : M.R.S. Rao

Download or read book Long Non Coding RNA Biology written by M.R.S. Rao and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-16 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This contributed volume offers a comprehensive and detailed overview of the various aspects of long non-coding RNAs and discusses their emerging significance. Written by leading experts in the field, it motivates young researchers around the globe, and offers graduate and postgraduate students fascinating insights into genes and their regulation in eukaryotes and higher organisms.

Understanding how Dhh1 and Ccr4-Not Complex Regulate MRNA Metabolism in Yeast

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 225 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (679 download)

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Book Synopsis Understanding how Dhh1 and Ccr4-Not Complex Regulate MRNA Metabolism in Yeast by : Arnob Dutta

Download or read book Understanding how Dhh1 and Ccr4-Not Complex Regulate MRNA Metabolism in Yeast written by Arnob Dutta and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

A Time for Metabolism and Hormones

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319270699
Total Pages : 141 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (192 download)

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Book Synopsis A Time for Metabolism and Hormones by : Paolo Sassone-Corsi

Download or read book A Time for Metabolism and Hormones written by Paolo Sassone-Corsi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-04-04 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent years have seen spectacular advances in the field of circadian biology. These have attracted the interest of researchers in many fields, including endocrinology, neurosciences, cancer, and behavior. By integrating a circadian view within the fields of endocrinology and metabolism, researchers will be able to reveal many, yet-unsuspected aspects of how organisms cope with changes in the environment and subsequent control of homeostasis. This field is opening new avenues in our understanding of metabolism and endocrinology. A panel of the most distinguished investigators in the field gathered together to discuss the present state and the future of the field. The editors trust that this volume will be of use to those colleagues who will be picking up the challenge to unravel how the circadian clock can be targeted for the future development of specific pharmacological strategies toward a number of pathologies.

Premature Nonsense Codons Regulate Nuclear MRNA Metabolism

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 294 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (347 download)

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Book Synopsis Premature Nonsense Codons Regulate Nuclear MRNA Metabolism by : Mark S. Carter

Download or read book Premature Nonsense Codons Regulate Nuclear MRNA Metabolism written by Mark S. Carter and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Metabolic Regulation

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Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 1483265544
Total Pages : 597 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (832 download)

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Book Synopsis Metabolic Regulation by : Henry J. Vogel

Download or read book Metabolic Regulation written by Henry J. Vogel and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-05-10 with total page 597 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metabolic Pathways, Third Edition, Volume V: Metabolic Regulation presents the regulation of metabolism in terms of the control of protein synthesis. This book discusses the significance of the control of metabolism in regard to the remarkable mechanisms involved and to the provision of an effective conceptual framework for appreciating the workings of the cell. Organized into 15 chapters, this edition begins with an overview of the numerous and diversified activities of a living cell. This text then examines the ability of living organisms to regulate the storage and mobilization of metabolizable energy. Other chapters consider the cytochrome system that represents the final common path of oxidation and coupled phosphorylation in the eukaryotic cell. This book discusses as well the profound changes that cell metabolism undergoes during differentiation. The final chapter deals with the chemical and genetic bases of the induction response in Gram-positive bacteria. This book is a valuable resource for biologists and physicians.

ZFP36-Mediated MRNA Decay Regulates Metabolism Downstream of Growth Factor Signaling

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis ZFP36-Mediated MRNA Decay Regulates Metabolism Downstream of Growth Factor Signaling by : Andrew Charles Cicchetto

Download or read book ZFP36-Mediated MRNA Decay Regulates Metabolism Downstream of Growth Factor Signaling written by Andrew Charles Cicchetto and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cellular metabolism is tightly regulated by growth factor signaling, which promotes metabolic rewiring to support growth and proliferation. While growth factor-induced transcriptional and post-translational modes of metabolic regulation have been well-defined, whether post-transcriptional mechanisms impacting mRNA stability regulate this process is less clear. Here, we present the ZFP36/L1/L2 family of RNA-binding proteins and mRNA decay factors as key drivers of metabolic regulation downstream of acute growth factor signaling. We quantitatively catalogue metabolic enzyme and nutrient transporter mRNAs directly bound by ZFP36 following growth factor stimulation - many of which encode rate-limiting steps in metabolic pathways. Further, we show that ZFP36 directly promotes the mRNA decay of Enolase 2 (Eno2), altering Eno2 protein expression and enzymatic activity, and provide evidence of a ZFP36/Eno2 axis during VEGF-stimulated developmental retinal angiogenesis. Thus, ZFP36-mediated mRNA decay serves as an important mode of metabolic regulation downstream of growth factor signaling within dynamic cell and tissue states.

Mechanisms of Condition-Specific Regulation of MRNA Stability by Puf Proteins

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 182 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (113 download)

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Book Synopsis Mechanisms of Condition-Specific Regulation of MRNA Stability by Puf Proteins by : Joseph Russo (Ph.D.)

Download or read book Mechanisms of Condition-Specific Regulation of MRNA Stability by Puf Proteins written by Joseph Russo (Ph.D.) and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: RNA binding proteins regulate mRNA decay and translation, two key steps in the control of gene expression in cells. Controlling mRNA metabolism allows cells to respond rapidly to altering conditions by utilizing already available mRNA, bypassing the wait for newly transcribed mRNA. The Puf family of RNA binding proteins bind specific mRNAs through interactions with sequences located in the 3’ untranslated region (UTR). Puf proteins are conserved throughout eukaryotes and have diverse roles including stem cell maintenance, neuronal development, stress response and organelle biogenesis. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Puf proteins are conditionally regulated in response to the cells metabolic. Specifically, in fermentative growth Puf3p is active to stimulate decay of target mRNAs; however, during respiration, Puf3p is inactive, resulting in mRNA stabilization. Presented herein, I show that in addition to Puf3p, the activity of Puf1p, Puf4p and Puf5p in yeast is conditionally regulated. I establish YHB1 mRNA as a bona fide target of Puf1p, Puf4p and Puf5p regulation through one unique binding site located in its 3’ UTR. These Puf proteins regulate YHB1 mRNA in response to nitric oxide stress. This data supports a model for Puf regulation of target mRNAs where transcripts are rapidly degraded in the absence of stress; however, in stress conditions transcripts are stabilized allowing increased protein production. I also show that Puf activity is regulated by two different mechanisms. First, the RNA binding activity of Puf5p is reduced during inactivating conditions; however, Puf1p, Puf3p and Puf4p bind target mRNAs regardless of stress. Puf proteins interact with decay machinery to facilitate mRNA degradation. The Puf3p interaction with Pop2p is disrupted in inactivating conditions and Pop2p is required to bridge interactions with other decay factors, thus preventing Puf3p stimulated decay. In a third project, I evaluated Puf proteins in humans, also called Pum proteins. I sought to identify natural targets of Pum regulation in humans. Utilizing bioinformatic and experimental approaches, I identified SNCA, LRRK2 and SAT1 as bona fide targets of Pum regulation. These mRNAs are all involved in Parkinson’s disease (PD). The implication of this discovery may provide a novel therapeutic approach to PD in the future.

Post-transcriptional Regulation by UNR

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 144 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (112 download)

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Book Synopsis Post-transcriptional Regulation by UNR by : Marta Inglés Ferrándiz

Download or read book Post-transcriptional Regulation by UNR written by Marta Inglés Ferrándiz and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this thesis, we have been studying the role of UNR, and RNA-binding protein that regulates translation and/or stability of its targets. The functional relevance of UNR was studied in two different molecular contexts: histone mRNA metabolism and cellular senescence. UNR strongly binds to the 3' untranslated region very close to the stem-loop. Previous data from the laboratory suggested that UNR stabilizes these mRNAs. As UNR is localized mainly in the cytoplasm, we hypothesized that it might be controlling post-transcriptional events. However, after several experimental trials in vitro and in cellulo we did not reach into any conclusion of how UNR might be influencing histone mRNAs metabolism. For this reason, we undertook an additional project. We found a novel role of UNR in oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) and determined cell-autonomous tumour suppressive properties in this context. In addition, we suspect that UNR influences the secretion of senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP) of senescent cells, exerting tumour suppressive properties also in non-autonomous manner. Further experiments are needed to fully understand the contribution of UNR in OIS.

Prokaryotic Metabolism and Physiology

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107171733
Total Pages : 509 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis Prokaryotic Metabolism and Physiology by : Byung Hong Kim

Download or read book Prokaryotic Metabolism and Physiology written by Byung Hong Kim and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-05-16 with total page 509 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extensive and up-to-date review of key metabolic processes in bacteria and archaea and how metabolism is regulated under various conditions.