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Author : Joan Petersilia
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Reforming Probation and Parole in the 21st Century written by Joan Petersilia and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Allison Frankel
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 225 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (118 download)
Download or read book Revoked written by Allison Frankel and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "[The report] finds that supervision -– probation and parole -– drives high numbers of people, disproportionately those who are Black and brown, right back to jail or prison, while in large part failing to help them get needed services and resources. In states examined in the report, people are often incarcerated for violating the rules of their supervision or for low-level crimes, and receive disproportionate punishment following proceedings that fail to adequately protect their fair trial rights."--Publisher website.
Author : Larry E. Sullivan
Publisher : Macmillan Reference USA
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 188 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (97 download)
Download or read book The Prison Reform Movement written by Larry E. Sullivan and published by Macmillan Reference USA. This book was released on 1990 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traces the history of prison reform in the United States, as the reformers attempt to set up a system that would deter further crime and rehabilitate convicts come into conflict with the need to punish and the inherent character of imprisonment.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309278937
Total Pages : 462 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)
Download or read book Reforming Juvenile Justice written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-05-22 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adolescence is a distinct, yet transient, period of development between childhood and adulthood characterized by increased experimentation and risk-taking, a tendency to discount long-term consequences, and heightened sensitivity to peers and other social influences. A key function of adolescence is developing an integrated sense of self, including individualization, separation from parents, and personal identity. Experimentation and novelty-seeking behavior, such as alcohol and drug use, unsafe sex, and reckless driving, are thought to serve a number of adaptive functions despite their risks. Research indicates that for most youth, the period of risky experimentation does not extend beyond adolescence, ceasing as identity becomes settled with maturity. Much adolescent involvement in criminal activity is part of the normal developmental process of identity formation and most adolescents will mature out of these tendencies. Evidence of significant changes in brain structure and function during adolescence strongly suggests that these cognitive tendencies characteristic of adolescents are associated with biological immaturity of the brain and with an imbalance among developing brain systems. This imbalance model implies dual systems: one involved in cognitive and behavioral control and one involved in socio-emotional processes. Accordingly adolescents lack mature capacity for self-regulations because the brain system that influences pleasure-seeking and emotional reactivity develops more rapidly than the brain system that supports self-control. This knowledge of adolescent development has underscored important differences between adults and adolescents with direct bearing on the design and operation of the justice system, raising doubts about the core assumptions driving the criminalization of juvenile justice policy in the late decades of the 20th century. It was in this context that the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) asked the National Research Council to convene a committee to conduct a study of juvenile justice reform. The goal of Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach was to review recent advances in behavioral and neuroscience research and draw out the implications of this knowledge for juvenile justice reform, to assess the new generation of reform activities occurring in the United States, and to assess the performance of OJJDP in carrying out its statutory mission as well as its potential role in supporting scientifically based reform efforts.
Author : Frank Schmalleger
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781266889950
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (899 download)
Download or read book Corrections in the 21st Century written by Frank Schmalleger and published by . This book was released on 2024 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The 2024 Release of Corrections in the 21st Century has been shortened to better reflect aspects of the correctional process. Chapters are grouped into four parts, each of which is described in detail in the following paragraphs. Part One, "Introduction to Corrections," provides an understanding of corrections by explaining the problem of mass incarceration and the goals underlying the correctional enterprise and by describing the how and why of criminal punishments. Part One identifies professionalism as the key to managing correctional personnel, facilities, and populations successfully. Standard-setting organizations such as the American Correctional Association, the American Jail Association, the American Probation and Parole Association, and the National Commission on Correctional Health Care are identified, and the importance of professional ethics for correctional occupations and correctional administrators is emphasized. Part Two, "Community Corrections," explains what happens to most convicted offenders, probation, and intermediate sanctions. Part Three, "Institutional Corrections," provides a detailed description of jails, prisons, and parole. The reentry challenges facing inmates released from jail and prison are explained. Education, vocational preparation, and drug treatment programs that are intended to prevent reoffending also are explored. Part Four, "The Prison World," provides an overview of life inside prison from the points of view of both inmates and staff. Part Four also describes the responsibilities and challenges surrounding the staff role. Chapter 12 focuses attention on special correctional populations, including inmates who are elderly, have HIV/AIDS, are substance abusers, and are mentally and physically challenged. We have chosen to integrate our coverage of women in corrections-including information about the important NIC report titled "Gender Responsive Strategies: Research, Practice, and Guiding Principles for Women Offenders"-throughout the body of the text rather than isolating it"--
Download or read book Sentencing & Corrections, Issues For The 21ST Century, Reconsidering Indeterminate And Structured Sentencing, Research In Brief, No. 2, September 1999 written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jeffery T. Ulmer
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1315410354
Total Pages : 488 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (154 download)
Download or read book Handbook on Punishment Decisions written by Jeffery T. Ulmer and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-10-16 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook on Punishment Decisions: Locations of Disparity provides a comprehensive assessment of the current knowledge on sites of disparity in punishment decision-making. This collection of essays and reports of original research defines disparity broadly to include the intersection of race/ethnicity, gender, age, citizenship/immigration status, and socioeconomic status, and it examines dimensions such as how pretrial or guilty plea processes shape exposure to punishment, how different types of sentencing decisions and/or policy structures (sentencing guidelines, mandatory minimums, risk assessment tools) might shape and condition disparity, and how post-sentencing decisions involving probation and parole contribute to inequalities. The sixteen contributions pull together what we know and what we don’t about punishment decision-making and plow new ground for further advances in the field. The ASC Division on Corrections & Sentencing Handbook Series publishes volumes on topics ranging from violence risk assessment to specialty courts for drug users, veterans, or people with mental illness. Each thematic volume focuses on a single topical issue that intersects with corrections and sentencing research.
Author : Dean J. Champion
Publisher : Prentice Hall
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 728 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)
Download or read book Probation, Parole, and Community Corrections written by Dean J. Champion and published by Prentice Hall. This book was released on 2005 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive text examines the objectives of probation and parole systems for criminally convicted adults and juveniles and how these objectives are achieved. The text includes coverage of the history of parole and probation in the United States, contemporary probation and parole programs, and various classes of offenders. The text emphasizes a legalistic approach, notes key legal cases where appropriate, and includes the most recent U.S. Supreme Court decisions.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 372 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)
Download or read book Federal Probation written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Andrew Von Hirsch
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book The Question of Parole written by Andrew Von Hirsch and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : J. Mitchell Miller
Publisher : SAGE Publications
ISBN 13 : 1506320589
Total Pages : 961 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (63 download)
Download or read book 21st Century Criminology: A Reference Handbook written by J. Mitchell Miller and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2009-08-06 with total page 961 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Criminology has experienced tremendous growth over the last few decades, evident, in part, by the widespread popularity and increased enrollment in criminology and criminal justice departments at the undergraduate and graduate levels across the U.S. and internationally. Evolutionary paradigmatic shift has accompanied this surge in definitional, disciplinary and pragmatic terms. Though long identified as a leading sociological specialty area, criminology has emerged as a stand-alone discipline in its own right, one that continues to grow and is clearly here to stay. Criminology, today, remains inherently theoretical but is also far more applied in focus and thus more connected to the academic and practitioner concerns of criminal justice and related professional service fields. Contemporary criminology is also increasingly interdisciplinary and thus features a broad variety of ideological orientations to and perspectives on the causes, effects and responses to crime. 21st Century Criminology: A Reference Handbook provides straightforward and definitive overviews of 100 key topics comprising traditional criminology and its modern outgrowths. The individual chapters have been designed to serve as a "first-look" reference source for most criminological inquires. Both connected to the sociological origins of criminology (i.e., theory and research methods) and the justice systems′ response to crime and related social problems, as well as coverage of major crime types, this two-volume set offers a comprehensive overview of the current state of criminology. From student term papers and masters theses to researchers commencing literature reviews, 21st Century Criminology is a ready source from which to quickly access authoritative knowledge on a range of key issues and topics central to contemporary criminology. This two-volume set in the SAGE 21st Century Reference Series is intended to provide undergraduate majors with an authoritative reference source that will serve their research needs with more detailed information than encyclopedia entries but not so much jargon, detail, or density as a journal article or research handbook chapter. 100 entries or "mini-chapters" highlight the most important topics, issues, questions, and debates any student obtaining a degree in this field ought to have mastered for effectiveness in the 21st century. Curricular-driven, chapters provide students with initial footholds on topics of interest in researching term papers, in preparing for GREs, in consulting to determine directions to take in pursuing a senior thesis, graduate degree, career, etc. Comprehensive in coverage, major sections include The Discipline of Criminology, Correlates of Crime, Theories of Crime & Justice, Measurement & Research, Types of Crime, and Crime & the Justice System. The contributor group is comprised of well-known figures and emerging young scholars who provide authoritative overviews coupled with insightful discussion that will quickly familiarize researchers, students, and general readers alike with fundamental and detailed information for each topic. Uniform chapter structure makes it easy for students to locate key information, with most chapters following a format of Introduction, Theory, Methods, Applications, Comparison, Future Directions, Summary, Bibliography & Suggestions for Further Reading, and Cross References. Availability in print and electronic formats provides students with convenient, easy access wherever they may be.
Author : Edward Wallace Sieh
Publisher : Jones & Bartlett Learning
ISBN 13 : 9780763729059
Total Pages : 408 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (29 download)
Download or read book Community Corrections and Human Dignity written by Edward Wallace Sieh and published by Jones & Bartlett Learning. This book was released on 2006 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Community Corrections And Human Dignity Presents A New Approach To The Rapidly Growing Fields Of Probation And Parole Based On The Author'S Extensive Experience And Recent Research In The Field. This Book Explores Community Corrections From Its 19Th Century Origins And Century-Long Evolution To Modern Issues, Including Supervision Models, Offender Treatment, Parole And Restorative Parole, Offender Technical Violations, And Future Crime Prevention. Readers Will Learn About Different Types Of Probationers, Why Offenders Should Be Treated Respectfully, And Proper Offender Treatment.
Author : Ioan Durnescu
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136201165
Total Pages : 366 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (362 download)
Download or read book Understanding Penal Practice written by Ioan Durnescu and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-10-30 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Criminological and penological scholarship has in recent years explored how and why institutions and systems of punishment change – and how and why these changes differ in different contexts. Important though these analyses are, this book focuses not so much on the changing nature of institutions and systems, but rather the changing nature of penal practice and practitioners Bringing together leading researchers from around the world, this collection unites studies that aim to describe and critically analyse penal practice with studies that investigate its effectiveness and prescribe its future development. Reversing penology’s usual preoccupation with the prison, the book focuses mainly on penal practice in the community (i.e. on probation, parole, offender supervision and ‘community corrections’). The first part of the book focuses on understanding practice and practitioners, exploring how changing social, cultural, political, and organisational contexts influence practice, and how training, development, professional socialisation and other factors influence practitioners. The second part is concerned with how practitioners can be best supported to develop the skills and approaches that seem most likely to generate positive impacts. It contains accounts of new practice models and approaches, as well as reports of research projects seeking both to discover and to encourage effective practices. This book explores internationally significant and cutting-edge theoretical and empirical work on the cultures, practices, roles and impacts of frontline practitioners in delivering penal sanctions. As such, it will be of interest to researchers in criminology, social work and social policy as well as correctional policy makers and those involved in community supervision.
Author : Shannon M. Barton-Bellessa
Publisher : SAGE Publications
ISBN 13 : 1506354890
Total Pages : 520 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (63 download)
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Community Corrections written by Shannon M. Barton-Bellessa and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2012-04-17 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In response to recognition in the late 1960s and early 1970s that traditional incarceration was not working, alternatives to standard prison settings were sought and developed. One of those alternatives—community-based corrections—had been conceived in the 1950s as a system that might prove more progressive, humane, and effective, particularly with people who had committed less serious criminal offenses and for whom incarceration, with constant exposure to serious offenders and career criminals, might prove more damaging than rehabilitative. The alternative of community corrections has evolved to become a substantial part of the criminal justice and correctional system, spurred in recent years not so much by a progressive, humane philosophy as by dramatically increasing prison populations, court orders to "fix" overextended prison settings, and an economic search for cost savings. Although community correction programs have been in place for some 40 years now, to date no comprehensive reference resource has tackled this topic. Accessible and jargon-free and available in both print and electronic formats, the one-volume Encyclopedia of Community Corrections will explore all aspects of community corrections, from its philosophical foundation to its current inception. Features & Benefits: 150 signed entries (each with Cross References and Further Readings) are organized in A-to-Z fashion to give students easy access to the full range of topics in community corrections. A thematic Reader's Guide in the front matter groups entries by broad topical or thematic areas to make it easy for users to find related entries at a glance. In the electronic version, the Reader's Guide combines with a detailed Index and the Cross References to provide users with convenient search-and-browse capacities. A Chronology in the back matter helps students put individual events into broader historical context. A Glossary provides students with concise definitions to key terms in the field. A Resource Guide to classic books, journals, and web sites (along with the Further Readings accompanying each entry) guides students to further resources in their research journeys. An Appendix offers statistics from the Bureau of Justice.
Author : Committee on Causes and Consequences of High Rates of Incarceration
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 9780309298018
Total Pages : 800 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (98 download)
Download or read book The Growth of Incarceration in the United States written by Committee on Causes and Consequences of High Rates of Incarceration and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2014-12-31 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After decades of stability from the 1920s to the early 1970s, the rate of imprisonment in the United States has increased fivefold during the last four decades. The U.S. penal population of 2.2 million adults is by far the largest in the world. Just under one-quarter of the world's prisoners are held in American prisons. The U.S. rate of incarceration, with nearly 1 out of every 100 adults in prison or jail, is 5 to 10 times higher than the rates in Western Europe and other democracies. The U.S. prison population is largely drawn from the most disadvantaged part of the nation's population: mostly men under age 40, disproportionately minority, and poorly educated. Prisoners often carry additional deficits of drug and alcohol addictions, mental and physical illnesses, and lack of work preparation or experience. The growth of incarceration in the United States during four decades has prompted numerous critiques and a growing body of scientific knowledge about what prompted the rise and what its consequences have been for the people imprisoned, their families and communities, and for U.S. society. The Growth of Incarceration in the United States examines research and analysis of the dramatic rise of incarceration rates and its affects. This study makes the case that the United States has gone far past the point where the numbers of people in prison can be justified by social benefits and has reached a level where these high rates of incarceration themselves constitute a source of injustice and social harm. The Growth of Incarceration in the United States examines policy changes that created an increasingly punitive political climate and offers specific policy advice in sentencing policy, prison policy, and social policy. The report also identifies important research questions that must be answered to provide a firmer basis for policy. This report is a call for change in the way society views criminals, punishment, and prison. This landmark study assesses the evidence and its implications for public policy to inform an extensive and thoughtful public debate about and reconsideration of policies.
Author : Gary Chartier
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108493041
Total Pages : 309 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (84 download)
Download or read book Flourishing Lives written by Gary Chartier and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-06-27 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Elaborates and illustrates a radical version of political and social liberalism rooted in a rich understanding of fulfilment and flourishing.
Author : Michael O'Hear
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 213 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (16 download)
Download or read book The Failed Promise of Sentencing Reform written by Michael O'Hear and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2017-03-20 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite 15 years of reform efforts, the incarceration rate in the United States remains unprecedentedly high. This book provides the first comprehensive survey of these reforms and explains why they have proven to be ineffective. After many decades of stability, the imprisonment rate in the United States quintupled between 1973 and 2003. Since then, nearly all states have adopted multiple reforms intended to reduce imprisonment, but the U.S. imprisonment rate has only decreased by a paltry 2 percent. Why have American sentencing reforms since 2000 been largely ineffective? Are tough mandatory minimum sentences for nonviolent drug offenders the primary reason our prisons are always full? This book offers a fascinating assessment of the wave of sentencing reforms adopted by dozens of states as well as changes at the federal level since 2000, identifying common themes among seemingly disparate changes in sentencing policy and highlighting recent reform efforts that have been more successful and may point the way forward for the nation as a whole. In The Failed Promise of Sentencing Reform, Michael O'Hear exposes the myths that American prison sentencing reforms enacted in the 21st century have failed to have the expected effect because U.S. prisons are filled to capacity with nonviolent drug offenders as a result of the "war on drugs" or because of new laws that took away the discretion of judges and corrections officials. O'Hear then makes a convincing case for the real reasons sentencing reforms have come up short: because they exclude violent and sexual offenders, and because they rely on the discretion of officials who still have every incentive to be highly risk-averse. He also highlights how overlooking the well-being of offenders and their families in our consideration of sentencing reform has undermined efforts to effect real change.
