Reduction and Emergence in Science and Philosophy

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Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1316776646
Total Pages : 401 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (167 download)

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Book Synopsis Reduction and Emergence in Science and Philosophy by : Carl Gillett

Download or read book Reduction and Emergence in Science and Philosophy written by Carl Gillett and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-09-08 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grand debates over reduction and emergence are playing out across the sciences, but these debates have reached a stalemate, with both sides declaring victory on empirical grounds. In this book, Carl Gillett provides theoretical frameworks with which to understand these debates, illuminating both the novel positions of scientific reductionists and emergentists and the recent empirical advances that drive these new views. Gillett also highlights the flaws in existing philosophical frameworks and reorients the discussion to reflect the new scientific advances and issues, including the nature of 'parts' and 'wholes', the character of aggregation, and thus the continuity of nature itself. Most importantly, Gillett shows how disputes about concrete scientific cases are empirically resolvable and hence how we can break the scientific stalemate. Including a detailed glossary of key terms, this volume will be valuable for researchers and advanced students of the philosophy of science and metaphysics, and scientific researchers working in the area.

Beyond Reduction

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198043155
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis Beyond Reduction by : Steven Horst

Download or read book Beyond Reduction written by Steven Horst and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2007-08-30 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contemporary philosophers of mind tend to assume that the world of nature can be reduced to basic physics. Yet there are features of the mind consciousness, intentionality, normativity that do not seem to be reducible to physics or neuroscience. This explanatory gap between mind and brain has thus been a major cause of concern in recent philosophy of mind. Reductionists hold that, despite all appearances, the mind can be reduced to the brain. Eliminativists hold that it cannot, and that this implies that there is something illegitimate about the mentalistic vocabulary. Dualists hold that the mental is irreducible, and that this implies either a substance or a property dualism. Mysterian non-reductive physicalists hold that the mind is uniquely irreducible, perhaps due to some limitation of our self-understanding. In this book, Steven Horst argues that this whole conversation is based on assumptions left over from an outdated philosophy of science. While reductionism was part of the philosophical orthodoxy fifty years ago, it has been decisively rejected by philosophers of science over the past thirty years, and for good reason. True reductions are in fact exceedingly rare in the sciences, and the conviction that they were there to be found was an artifact of armchair assumptions of 17th century Rationalists and 20th century Logical Empiricists. The explanatory gaps between mind and brain are far from unique. In fact, in the sciences it is gaps all the way down.And if reductions are rare in even the physical sciences, there is little reason to expect them in the case of psychology. Horst argues that this calls for a complete re-thinking of the contemporary problematic in philosophy of mind. Reductionism, dualism, eliminativism and non-reductive materialism are each severely compromised by post-reductionist philosophy of science, and philosophy of mind is in need of a new paradigm. Horst suggests that such a paradigm might be found in Cognitive Pluralism: the view that human cognitive architecture constrains us to understand the world through a plurality of partial, idealized, and pragmatically-constrained models, each employing a particular representational system optimized for its own problem domain. Such an architecture can explain the disunities of knowledge, and is plausible on evolutionary grounds.

Science and Technology in Disaster Risk Reduction in Asia

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Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128127120
Total Pages : 525 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Science and Technology in Disaster Risk Reduction in Asia by : Rajib Shaw

Download or read book Science and Technology in Disaster Risk Reduction in Asia written by Rajib Shaw and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-10-13 with total page 525 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Science and Technology in Disaster Risk Reduction in Asia: Potentials and Challenges provides both a local and global perspective on how to implement the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction. Topics demonstrate the advancement of scientific research as it applies to early warning systems, including identifying risk and the strengthening of infrastructure for different types of hazards. Through different major disasters, it has become evident that there must be a balance between hard and soft technology and physical, process and social solutions. This book demonstrates how this has been successfully implemented in Asia, and how these applications can apply on a global basis. - Covers new research on the role of science in Disaster Risk Reduction and lessons learned when research has been applied - Utilizes case studies to outline the broader lessons learned - Focuses on the Sendai Framework, which was adopted in the Third UN World Conference in 2015

Reduction, Explanation, and Realism

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780198751311
Total Pages : 500 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (513 download)

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Book Synopsis Reduction, Explanation, and Realism by : David Owain Maurice Charles

Download or read book Reduction, Explanation, and Realism written by David Owain Maurice Charles and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1992 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The contributors to this volume evaluate the view that the phenomena studied in such varied fields as moral and mental philosophy, psychology, organic biology and social science are grounded in, but cannot be reduced to, phenomena that can be explained by the basic sciences.

Oxidizing and Reducing Agents

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Publisher : Handbook of Reagents for Organ
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 576 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (321 download)

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Book Synopsis Oxidizing and Reducing Agents by : Steven D. Burke

Download or read book Oxidizing and Reducing Agents written by Steven D. Burke and published by Handbook of Reagents for Organ. This book was released on 1999-07-09 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oxidizing and Reducing Agents S. D. Burke University of Wisconsin at Madison, USA R. L. Danheiser Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA Recognising the critical need for bringing a handy reference work that deals with the most popular reagents in synthesis to the laboratory of practising organic chemists, the Editors of the acclaimed Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis (EROS) have selected the most important and useful reagents employed in contemporary organic synthesis. Handbook of Reagents for Organic Synthesis: Oxidizing and Reducing Agents, provides the synthetic chemist with a convenient compendium of information concentrating on the most important and frequently employed reagents for the oxidation and reduction of organic compounds, extracted and updated from EROS. The inclusion of a bibliography of reviews and monographs, a compilation of Organic Syntheses procedures with tested experimental details and references to oxidizing and reducing agents will ensure that this handbook is both comprehensive and convenient.

Reductionism, Emergence and Levels of Reality

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319063618
Total Pages : 171 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (19 download)

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Book Synopsis Reductionism, Emergence and Levels of Reality by : Sergio Chibbaro

Download or read book Reductionism, Emergence and Levels of Reality written by Sergio Chibbaro and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-05-13 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientists have always attempted to explain the world in terms of a few unifying principles. In the fifth century B.C. Democritus boldly claimed that reality is simply a collection of indivisible and eternal parts or atoms. Over the centuries his doctrine has remained a landmark, and much progress in physics is due to its distinction between subjective perception and objective reality. This book discusses theory reduction in physics, which states that the whole is nothing more than the sum of its parts: the properties of things are directly determined by their constituent parts. Reductionism deals with the relation between different theories that address different levels of reality, and uses extrapolations to apply that relation in different sciences. Reality shows a complex structure of connections, and the dream of a unified interpretation of all phenomena in several simple laws continues to attract anyone with genuine philosophical and scientific interests. If the most radical reductionist point of view is correct, the relationship between disciplines is strictly inclusive: chemistry becomes physics, biology becomes chemistry, and so on. Eventually, only one science, indeed just a single theory, would survive, with all others merging in the Theory of Everything. Is the current coexistence of different sciences a mere historical venture which will end when the Theory of Everything has been established? Can there be a unified description of nature? Rather than an analysis of full reductionism, this book focuses on aspects of theory reduction in physics and stimulates reflection on related questions: is there any evidence of actual reduction? Are the examples used in the philosophy of science too simplistic? What has been endangered by the search for (the) ultimate truth? Has the dream of reductionist reason created any monsters? Is big science one such monster? What is the point of embedding science Y within science X, if predictions cannot be made on that basis?

Reduction and Mechanism

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Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108605117
Total Pages : 143 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (86 download)

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Book Synopsis Reduction and Mechanism by : Alex Rosenberg

Download or read book Reduction and Mechanism written by Alex Rosenberg and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-06-04 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reductionism is a widely endorsed methodology among biologists, a metaphysical theory advanced to vindicate the biologist's methodology, and an epistemic thesis those opposed to reductionism have been eager to refute. While the methodology has gone from strength to strength in its history of achievements, the metaphysical thesis grounding it remained controversial despite its significant changes over the last 75 years of the philosophy of science. Meanwhile, antireductionism about biology, and especially Darwinian natural selection, became orthodoxy in philosophy of mind, philosophy of science, and philosophy of biology. This Element expounds the debate about reductionism in biology, from the work of the post-positivists to the end of the century debates about supervenience, multiple realizability, and explanatory exclusion. It shows how the more widely accepted 21st century doctrine of 'mechanism' - reductionism with a human face - inherits both the strengths and the challenges of the view it has largely supplanted.

Salt, Fat and Sugar Reduction

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Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0128197412
Total Pages : 346 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Salt, Fat and Sugar Reduction by : Maurice O'Sullivan

Download or read book Salt, Fat and Sugar Reduction written by Maurice O'Sullivan and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2020-03-10 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Salt, Fat and Sugar Reduction: Sensory Approaches for Nutritional Reformulation of Foods and Beverages explores salt, sugar, fat and the current scientific findings that link them to diseases. The sensory techniques that can be used for developing consumer appealing nutritional optimized products are also discussed, as are other aspects of shelf life and physicochemical analysis, consumer awareness of the negative nutritional impact of these ingredients, and taxes and other factors that are drivers for nutritional optimization. This book is ideal for undergraduate and postgraduate students and academics, food scientists, food and nutrition researchers, and those in the food and beverage industries.

Rethinking Reduction

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Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3110524171
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Rethinking Reduction by : Francesco Cangemi

Download or read book Rethinking Reduction written by Francesco Cangemi and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-06-25 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phonetically reduced forms are plentiful, theoretically interesting, and a key challenge for automatic speech recognition systems. Yet canonical forms are still central to models of production and perception. Drawing from different fields and diverse languages, this volume brings new insights to the debate on abstractions and canonical forms in linguistics: their psychological reality, descriptive adequacy, and technical implementability.

Psychoneural Reduction

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Author :
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262024327
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (243 download)

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Book Synopsis Psychoneural Reduction by : John Bickle

Download or read book Psychoneural Reduction written by John Bickle and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: John Bickle presents a new type of reductionism, one that is stronger than one-way dependency yet sidesteps the arguments that sank classical reductionism.

Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 038739351X
Total Pages : 316 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (873 download)

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Book Synopsis Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction by : John A. Lee

Download or read book Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction written by John A. Lee and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-31 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes established and advanced methods for reducing the dimensionality of numerical databases. Each description starts from intuitive ideas, develops the necessary mathematical details, and ends by outlining the algorithmic implementation. The text provides a lucid summary of facts and concepts relating to well-known methods as well as recent developments in nonlinear dimensionality reduction. Methods are all described from a unifying point of view, which helps to highlight their respective strengths and shortcomings. The presentation will appeal to statisticians, computer scientists and data analysts, and other practitioners having a basic background in statistics or computational learning.

Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction

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Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 1501515446
Total Pages : 213 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction by : Samuel C. Perry

Download or read book Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction written by Samuel C. Perry and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2021-08-23 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon dioxide reduction is a key research challenge in the global mission to reduce CO2 emissions. The process presents a unique challenge in that it can produce several different products, presenting the user with the challenge of selectively and efficiently producing on single useful material. This book presents an introduction to the field, covering the chemical reactions involved, the range of innovative materials and reactor designs most recently developed, and the future targets that need to be met.

The Concept of Reduction

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3319041622
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (19 download)

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Book Synopsis The Concept of Reduction by : Raphael van Riel

Download or read book The Concept of Reduction written by Raphael van Riel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-02-19 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume investigates the notion of reduction. Building on the idea that philosophers employ the term ‘reduction’ to reconcile diversity and directionality with unity, without relying on elimination, the book offers a powerful explication of an “ontological”, notion of reduction the extension of which is (primarily) formed by properties, kinds, individuals, or processes. It argues that related notions of reduction, such as theory-reduction and functional reduction, should be defined in terms of this explication. Thereby, the book offers a coherent framework, which sheds light on the history of the various reduction debates in the philosophy of science and in the philosophy of mind, and on related topics such as reduction and unification, the notion of a scientific level, and physicalism. The book takes its point of departure in the examination of a puzzle about reduction. To illustrate, the book takes as an example the reduction of water. If water reduces to H2O, then water is identical to H2O – thus we get unity. Unity does not come at the price of elimination – claiming that water reduces to H2O, we do not thereby claim that there is no water. But what about diversity and directionality? Intuitively, there should be a difference between water and H2O, such that we get diversity. This is required for there to be directionality: in a sense, if water reduces to H2O, then H2O is prior to, or more basic than water. At least, if water reduces to H2O, then H2O does not reduce to water. But how can this be, if water is identical to H2O? The book shows that the application of current models of reduction does not solve this puzzle, and proposes a new coherent definition, according to which unity is tied to identity, diversity is descriptive in nature, and directionality is the directionality of explanation.

Being Reduced

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Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0199211531
Total Pages : 323 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (992 download)

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Book Synopsis Being Reduced by : Jakob Hohwy

Download or read book Being Reduced written by Jakob Hohwy and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2008-09-04 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Is the mind nothing but neural firings in the brain? Are we just a bunch of neurons? If the mind is just the brain, then how can we act as genuine, responsible agents in the world? Being Reduced attempts to understand these questions.

Traumatic Incident Reduction (TIR)

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9781574442151
Total Pages : 218 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (421 download)

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Book Synopsis Traumatic Incident Reduction (TIR) by : Gerald D. French

Download or read book Traumatic Incident Reduction (TIR) written by Gerald D. French and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1998-08-25 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traumatic Incident Reduction (TIR) explores a powerful regressive, repetitive, desensitization procedure becoming known in the therapeutic community as an extremely effective tool for use in the rapid resolution of virtually all trauma-related conditions. Replete with case histories and accounts of actual TIR sessions, this book provides a "camera-level" view of TIR by describing the experience of performing TIR.

Studies in the Philosophy of Biology

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Publisher : MacMillan
ISBN 13 : 9780333148600
Total Pages : 390 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (486 download)

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Book Synopsis Studies in the Philosophy of Biology by : Francisco José Ayala

Download or read book Studies in the Philosophy of Biology written by Francisco José Ayala and published by MacMillan. This book was released on 1974 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the conference on Problems of reduction in biology held at the Study and Conference Center of the Rockefeller Foundation in Bellagio, Italy, from 9 to 16 September 1972.

Book Republication Program [announcement].

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 16 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Book Republication Program [announcement]. by : United States Alien Property Custodian Office

Download or read book Book Republication Program [announcement]. written by United States Alien Property Custodian Office and published by . This book was released on 1944 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: