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Redox Reactions And Structure Properties Relations In Mixed Alkali Alkaline Earth Silicate Glasses
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Book Synopsis Redox Reactions and Structure - Properties Relations in Mixed Alkali/alkaline Earth Silicate Glasses by :
Download or read book Redox Reactions and Structure - Properties Relations in Mixed Alkali/alkaline Earth Silicate Glasses written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Structure-Property Relations of Mixed-Alkali and Ion-Exchange Silicate Glasses by : Courtney Marie Calahoo
Download or read book Structure-Property Relations of Mixed-Alkali and Ion-Exchange Silicate Glasses written by Courtney Marie Calahoo and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Improvement of the mechanical properties of glass was undertaken by furthering understanding of the fundamental relationships between composition, structure and mechanical response. Glasses which were known to already have desirable mechanical properties were made and analysed in order to establish correlations between different properties. Ion exchange (IE), where a smaller ion is replaced by a larger ion without subsequent structural relaxation, causes surface compressive stresses which increase strength and scratch resistance significantly. Micro-Raman spectroscopy was employed to directly measure the volumetric negative strain (contraction) and compressive stress as a function of IE processing temperature by observing changes in Raman peaks correlated with Si-O bond lengths and Si-O-Si bond angles. From the Raman data, the strain of the glass network and consequent stress was calculated relative to several reference states. The reference state of relaxed, fully exchanged glass produced results which matched the complex experimental behaviour. The mechanical response of the IE layer was probed using nano-indentation. Stiffness and hardness were measured as a function of distance from the surface and IE temperature. Additionally, elastic recovery and resistance to plastic deformation were determined. Low IE temperatures (which the Raman results indicated contained the most compressive stress) were observed to improve mechanical properties more than higher IE temperatures, likely due to increased thermal relaxation. The mixed-modifier effect (MME), a deviation from additivity when two or more different types of modifying cations are combined, is known to exist in in static, dynamic and mechanical properties. Yet, the underlying mechanism of the MME is poorly understood, thus, a comprehensive study of several mixed-modifier glass series was undertaken to better elucidate the complex relationships between these three categories of properties. The most significant predictor of the MME was the valence(s) of the mixed cations. Furthermore, the MME in conductivity, packing fraction, bulk modulus, hardness and fracture toughness was related to relative cationic field strength and ionic radii. The MME in shear modulus, Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio was related to structural connectivity rather than the properties of the modifier cations.
Book Synopsis Effects of Alkali and Alkaline Earth Additions on the Mechanical Properties of Silicate Glasses by : Nathan L. Canfield
Download or read book Effects of Alkali and Alkaline Earth Additions on the Mechanical Properties of Silicate Glasses written by Nathan L. Canfield and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Silicate Glasses and Melts by : Bjorn Mysen
Download or read book Silicate Glasses and Melts written by Bjorn Mysen and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-06-16 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the structure-property-composition relationships for silicate glasses and melts of industrial and geological interest. From Antiquity to the 20th century, an introductory chapter presents this subject in a historical perspective. Basic concepts are then discussed in three chapters where attention is paid to the glass transition and its various consequences on melt and glass properties, to the structural and physical differences between amorphous and crystalline silicates, and to the mutual relationships between local order, energetics and physical properties. With pure SiO2 as a starting point, compositions of increasing chemical complexity are successively dealt with in a dozen chapters. The effects of network-modifying cations on structure and properties are first exemplified by alkali and alkaline earth elements. The specific influence of aluminum, iron, titanium, and phosphorus are then reviewed. With water, volatiles in the system COHS, noble gases, and halogens, the effects of volatile components are also described. The last chapter explains how the results obtained on simpler melts can be applied to chemically complex systems. In each chapter, physical and chemical properties are described first and followed by a review of glass and melt structure. When possible, pressure effects are also considered.*From SiO2 to complex silicate compositions, the physical and chemical properties of melts and glasses of geological and industrial interest*Structural characterization of melts and glasses, from ambient to high pressure and temperature*From basic concepts to an advanced level, a consistent description of the structure-property-composition relationships in glasses and melts
Book Synopsis Silicate Glasses and Melts by : Bjorn Mysen
Download or read book Silicate Glasses and Melts written by Bjorn Mysen and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-11-27 with total page 722 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Silicate Glasses and Melts, Second Edition describes the structure-property-composition relationships for silicate glasses and melts from a geological and industrial perspective. Updated sections include (i) characterization of silicate melt and COHN fluid structure (with and without dissolved silicate components) with pressure, temperature, and redox conditions and responses of structural variables to chemical composition, (ii) determination of solubility and solution mechanisms of COHN volatiles in silicate melts and minerals and of solubility and solution mechanisms of silicate components in COHN fluids, and (iii) effects of very high pressure on structure and properties of melts and glasses. This new book is an essential resource for researchers in a number of fields, including geology, geophysics, geoscience, volcanology, material science, glass science, petrology and mineralogy. - Brings together multidisciplinary research scattered across the scientific literature into one reference, with a focus on silicate melts and their application to natural systems - Emphasizes linking melt properties to melt structure - Includes a discussion of the pros and cons of the use of glass as a proxy for melt structure and properties - Written by highly regarded experts in the field who, among other honors, were the 2006 recipients of the prestigious G.W. Morey award of the American Ceramic Society
Book Synopsis The Structure of Alkali Silicate Glasses and Melts by : Cedrick O'Shaughnessy
Download or read book The Structure of Alkali Silicate Glasses and Melts written by Cedrick O'Shaughnessy and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The structure of alkali silicate glasses and melts is investigated using a multi-spectroscopic approach. Raman spectroscopy is used to characterize the local to intermediate range order within the glasses. We show that the distribution of rings varies as a function of composition, with 3-membered rings gaining importance with increasing alkali content. We apply a newly developed model for the tting of the high frequency envelope related to SiO4 symmetric stretch vibrations of Qn species. These ts are interpreted using the idea of modifier bound bridging oxygen. The proportions of the different Qn species vary with alkali concentration with Q4 species breaking down to form lower order Qn species with increasing alkali content. The Q2 peak appears at increasingly higher concentrations of M2O with increasing cation size. This leads us to believe that cations with a higher charge density cluster more readily than cations with a lower charge density. At the 20 mol. % composition we see a change in the silicate network, as shown by the absence of a Q4 peak and the proportion of 3-membered rings. The unique behaviour of lithium was investigated using X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy. We conducted experiments on a variety of lithium-bearing salts, minerals and glasses (LS: lithium silicate and LMS: lithium alkaline-earth silicate glasses) in order to characterize the lithium bonding environment. The Li K-edge position depends on the electronegativity of the element to which it is bound. The intensity of the first peak varies, depending on the existence of a 2p electron and can be used to evaluate the degree of ionicity of the bond. Crystalline lithium metasilicate has a sharp, strong intensity absorption edge whereas the lithium silicate glasses all have a weak intensity edge feature, similar to that of lithium carbonate. The area of the absorption edge peak increases with the lithium content of the LS glasses. The LMS glasses edge peak changes drastically depending on the alkaline-earth present. The peak area of the LMS glasses decreases with increasing charge density from barium to magnesium. We believe that the presence of Mg leads to more covalent-like Li-O bonds.
Book Synopsis Properties and Structure of Alkali and Alkaline Earth Gallogermanate Glasses by : Anne E. Miller
Download or read book Properties and Structure of Alkali and Alkaline Earth Gallogermanate Glasses written by Anne E. Miller and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Physics and Chemistry of Glasses by :
Download or read book Physics and Chemistry of Glasses written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Silicate Melts written by Sharon Webb and published by Springer. This book was released on 1997-07-17 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the experimental determination of the physical properties of silicate melts and magmas close to glass transition. Abundant new data are presented. The same type of measurement is performed on a range of melts to test the effect of composition on physical properties; and a range of different techniques are used to determine the same physical properties to illustrate the relationships between the relaxation of the melt structure and the relaxation of its physical properties. This book is of interest to experimental researchers in the discussion of data obtained from both a materials science and a geoscientific point of view.
Download or read book Physics Briefs written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 866 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ceramic Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 1040 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Introduction to Glass Science and Technology by : James E Shelby
Download or read book Introduction to Glass Science and Technology written by James E Shelby and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2015-11-06 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a concise and inexpensive introduction for an undergraduate course in glass science and technology. The level of the book has deliberately been maintained at the introductory level to avoid confusion of the student by inclusion of more advanced material, and is unique in that its text is limited to the amount suitable for a one term course for students in materials science, ceramics or inorganic chemistry. The contents cover the fundamental topics of importance in glass science and technology, including glass formation, crystallization, phase separation and structure of glasses. Additional chapters discuss the most important properties of glasses, including discussion of physical, optical, electrical, chemical and mechanical properties. A final chapter provides an introduction to a number of methods used to form technical glasses, including glass sheet, bottles, insulation fibre, optical fibres and other common commercial products. In addition, the book contains discussion of the effects of phase separation and crystallization on the properties of glasses, which is neglected in other texts. Although intended primarily as a textbook, Introduction to Glass Science and Technology will also be invaluable to the engineer or scientist who desires more knowledge regarding the formation, properties and production of glass.
Book Synopsis Magma Redox Geochemistry by : Roberto Moretti
Download or read book Magma Redox Geochemistry written by Roberto Moretti and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-10-26 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores the many facets of redox exchanges that drive magma's behavior and evolution, from the origin of the Earth until today The redox state is one of the master variables behind the Earth's forming processes, which at depth concern magma as the major transport agent. Understanding redox exchanges in magmas is pivotal for reconstructing the history and compositional make-up of our planet, for exploring its mineral resources, and for monitoring and forecasting volcanic activity. Magma Redox Geochemistry describes the multiple facets of redox reactions in the magmatic realm and presents experimental results, theoretical approaches, and unconventional and novel techniques. Volume highlights include: Redox state and oxygen fugacity: so close, so far Redox processes from Earth’s accretion to global geodynamics Redox evolution from the magma source to volcanic emissions Redox characterization of elements and their isotopes The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.
Book Synopsis Structure and Properties of Silicate Melts by : Bjorn O. Mysen
Download or read book Structure and Properties of Silicate Melts written by Bjorn O. Mysen and published by Elsevier Publishing Company. This book was released on 1988 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Characterization of the relationships between structure and properties of materials is based on the fundamental principle that the structure of the material be determined first, followed by assessments of which structural properties may govern their properties as a function of composition, pressure, temperature and other variables. Whereas this methodology has been successfully applied to further our understanding of crystalline materials, studies of silicate melt structure are often conducted on a somewhat different basis. Rather than from direct structural determination, structure models have been developed from assumed relationships between a specific melt property and its structure. As a result, a multitude of models has evolved - many of which are mutually exclusive. The overall scope of this book is to address properties and processes of magmatic systems from the vantage point of melt structure. To this end available data in chemically increasingly complex systems are reviewed and discussed with the ultimate goal being integration of the simple system data into a model that describes complex systems such as natural magmatic liquids. Thus the book evolves from the simplest possible system, SiO 2 , to complex systems such as natural magmatic liquids. From a petrologic point of view, sufficient data have been obtained so that a general framework of the structure of magmatic liquids is in place. This framework is based on the same principles as those of crystal chemistry, modulated by the absence of long range order in amorphous material, and systematic relationships between structure and properties can be discerned at least at atmospheric pressure.
Book Synopsis Thermodynamics of Minerals and Melts by : R.C. Newton
Download or read book Thermodynamics of Minerals and Melts written by R.C. Newton and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today large numbers of geoscientists apply thermodynamic theory to solu tions of a variety of problems in earth and planetary sciences. For most problems in chemistry, the application of thermodynamics is direct and rewarding. Geoscientists, however, deal with complex inorganic and organic substances. The complexities in the nature of mineralogical substances arise due to their involved crystal structure and multicomponental character. As a result, thermochemical solutions of many geological-planetological problems should be attempted only with a clear understanding of the crystal-chemical and thermochemical character of each mineral. The subject of physical geochemistry deals with the elucidation and application of physico-chemical principles to geosciences. Thermodynamics of mineral phases and crystalline solutions form an integral part of it. Developments in mineralogic thermody namics in recent years have been very encouraging, but do not easily reach many geoscientists interested mainly in applications. This series is to provide geoscientists and planetary scientists with current information on the develop ments in thermodynamics of mineral systems, and also provide the active researcher in this rapidly developing field with a forum through which he can popularize the important conclusions of his work. In the first several volumes, we plan to publish original contributions (with an abundant supply of back ground material for the uninitiated reader) and thoughtful reviews from a number of researchers on mineralogic thermodynamics, on the application of thermochemistry to planetary phase equilibria (including meteorites), and on kinetics of geochemical reactions.
Book Synopsis Springer Handbook of Glass by : J. David Musgraves
Download or read book Springer Handbook of Glass written by J. David Musgraves and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-08-14 with total page 1590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook provides comprehensive treatment of the current state of glass science from the leading experts in the field. Opening with an enlightening contribution on the history of glass, the volume is then divided into eight parts. The first part covers fundamental properties, from the current understanding of the thermodynamics of the amorphous state, kinetics, and linear and nonlinear optical properties through colors, photosensitivity, and chemical durability. The second part provides dedicated chapters on each individual glass type, covering traditional systems like silicates and other oxide systems, as well as novel hybrid amorphous materials and spin glasses. The third part features detailed descriptions of modern characterization techniques for understanding this complex state of matter. The fourth part covers modeling, from first-principles calculations through molecular dynamics simulations, and statistical modeling. The fifth part presents a range of laboratory and industrial glass processing methods. The remaining parts cover a wide and representative range of applications areas from optics and photonics through environment, energy, architecture, and sensing. Written by the leading international experts in the field, the Springer Handbook of Glass represents an invaluable resource for graduate students through academic and industry researchers working in photonics, optoelectronics, materials science, energy, architecture, and more.
Author :Frederick T. Wallenberger Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :144190736X Total Pages :479 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (419 download)
Book Synopsis Fiberglass and Glass Technology by : Frederick T. Wallenberger
Download or read book Fiberglass and Glass Technology written by Frederick T. Wallenberger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-11-27 with total page 479 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fiberglass and Glass Technology: Energy-Friendly Compositions and Applications provides a detailed overview of fiber, float and container glass technology with special emphasis on energy- and environmentally-friendly compositions, applications and manufacturing practices which have recently become available and continue to emerge. Energy-friendly compositions are variants of incumbent fiberglass and glass compositions that are obtained by the reformulation of incumbent compositions to reduce the viscosity and thereby the energy demand. Environmentally-friendly compositions are variants of incumbent fiber, float and container glass compositions that are obtained by the reformulation of incumbent compositions to reduce environmentally harmful emissions from their melts. Energy- and environmentally-friendly compositions are expected to become a key factor in the future for the fiberglass and glass industries. This book consists of two complementary sections: continuous glass fiber technology and soda-lime-silica glass technology. Important topics covered include: o Commercial and experimental compositions and products o Design of energy- and environmentally-friendly compositions o Emerging glass melting technologies including plasma melting o Fiberglass composite design and engineering o Emerging fiberglass applications and markets Fiberglass and Glass Technology: Energy-Friendly Compositions and Applications is written for researchers and engineers seeking a modern understanding of glass technology and the development of future products that are more energy- and environmentally-friendly than current products.
