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Recognizing And Generating Natural Language Referring Expressions In Images
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Book Synopsis Recognizing and Generating Natural Language Referring Expressions in Images by : Dan Schulman
Download or read book Recognizing and Generating Natural Language Referring Expressions in Images written by Dan Schulman and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this work we tackle the tasks of recognizing and generating natural language referring expressions in images. In the first task, given an image with several objects and an expression referring to a specific object within the image, we would like to recognize this object by retrieving a bounding box enclosing it. In the second task, given an image and a bounding box enclosing a specific object, we would like to generate an unambiguous expression describing the object. The datasets for these tasks are built using an interactive game called ReferIt (Kazemzadeh et al., 2014). In this work, we focus on two of the datasets in this family, RefCOCO and RefClef. While RefClef contains a variety of object types including background such as sky and clouds, which are hard to detect, RefCOCO contains mainly day-to-day objects, such as persons, cars and cats, which are easier to detect. Recent works focus mainly on RefCOCO variants and tend to ignore RefClef. The general pipeline for these tasks adopted by most approaches consists of the following steps: (1) Retrieve candidate object bounding boxes, either by using the gold-truth from the dataset, or by generating candidates using methods such as EdgeBox (Zitnick and Dollar, 2014) and MaskRCNN (He et al., 2017); (2) Encode both the entire image and each of the candidates using a Convolutional-Neural-Network (CNN); (3) Encode the referring expression using word embeddings and a Recurrent-Neural-Network (RNN); (4) Compute a score for each candidate based on the previous encodings and choose the highest scoring bounding-box. We reproduce state of the art models on the two tasks of natural language referring expressions recognition and generation in images and introduce two specific improvements: We show an automated way to augment an existing dataset, multiplying its size by two. We also show that by replacing the existing visual encoder component with a better one, we achieve better results. We compare our results with the current state-of-the-art in both tasks. On the basis of our experiments and dataset augmentation method, we investigate the differences between the existing datasets. We identify that segmentation methods that are aware of the semantic labels for the objects, such as MaskRCNN, provide better results on RefCOCO, while a more generalist method such as EdgeBox is more robust on the more challenging RefClef dataset. We also identify subsets of the dataset which are a priori more challenging for the family of neural architectures we have identified - because they lack a form of symmetry which simplifies the task. -- abstract.
Book Synopsis The generation of referring expressions in natural language processing by : Margaret A. Mitchell
Download or read book The generation of referring expressions in natural language processing written by Margaret A. Mitchell and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Human-Robot Interaction by : Céline Jost
Download or read book Human-Robot Interaction written by Céline Jost and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-05-13 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers the first comprehensive yet critical overview of methods used to evaluate interaction between humans and social robots. It reviews commonly used evaluation methods, and shows that they are not always suitable for this purpose. Using representative case studies, the book identifies good and bad practices for evaluating human-robot interactions and proposes new standardized processes as well as recommendations, carefully developed on the basis of intensive discussions between specialists in various HRI-related disciplines, e.g. psychology, ethology, ergonomics, sociology, ethnography, robotics, and computer science. The book is the result of a close, long-standing collaboration between the editors and the invited contributors, including, but not limited to, their inspiring discussions at the workshop on Evaluation Methods Standardization for Human-Robot Interaction (EMSHRI), which have been organized yearly since 2015. By highlighting and weighing good and bad practices in evaluation design for HRI, the book will stimulate the scientific community to search for better solutions, take advantages of interdisciplinary collaborations, and encourage the development of new standards to accommodate the growing presence of robots in the day-to-day and social lives of human beings.
Book Synopsis Computer Vision – ECCV 2016 by : Bastian Leibe
Download or read book Computer Vision – ECCV 2016 written by Bastian Leibe and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-16 with total page 910 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The eight-volume set comprising LNCS volumes 9905-9912 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 14th European Conference on Computer Vision, ECCV 2016, held in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, in October 2016. The 415 revised papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 1480 submissions. The papers cover all aspects of computer vision and pattern recognition such as 3D computer vision; computational photography, sensing and display; face and gesture; low-level vision and image processing; motion and tracking; optimization methods; physics-based vision, photometry and shape-from-X; recognition: detection, categorization, indexing, matching; segmentation, grouping and shape representation; statistical methods and learning; video: events, activities and surveillance; applications. They are organized in topical sections on detection, recognition and retrieval; scene understanding; optimization; image and video processing; learning; action activity and tracking; 3D; and 9 poster sessions.
Book Synopsis Generating Referring Expressions by : Robert Dale
Download or read book Generating Referring Expressions written by Robert Dale and published by Bradford Book. This book was released on 1992 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Robert Dale presents a detailed description of the development of algorithms for the generation of referring expressions, and of the underlying structures that motivate these algorithms, in a dynamic domain. He provides a number of novel results in both knowledge representation and natural language generation that should have straightforward applications in other domains. Dale describes EPICURE, a natural language generating system, and its capacity to create referring expressions in a domain embodying several interesting features: The entities in the domain consist of masses and sets as well as the more usual singular individuals; during the development of a discourse, the entities may take on new properties, existing entities may be destroyed, and new entities may be created; and the discourses within which the entities appear are hierarchically structured, allowing for the integration of discourse-structural constraints on the use of anaphoric expressions. EPICURE is designed to generate text from underlying plans. Dale uses cooking recipes as examples, showing how the system must determine what level of explanation is required and how the events in the plan must be modeled to ensure that the references generated are accurate.
Book Synopsis Natural Language Generation by : G.A. Kempen
Download or read book Natural Language Generation written by G.A. Kempen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, August 19-23, 1986
Book Synopsis Integration of Natural Language and Vision Processing by : Paul Mc Kevitt
Download or read book Integration of Natural Language and Vision Processing written by Paul Mc Kevitt and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although there has been much progress in developing theories, models and systems in the areas of Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Vision Processing (VP) there has heretofore been little progress on integrating these subareas of Artificial Intelligence (AI). This book contains a set of edited papers addressing computational models and systems for the integration of NLP and VP. The papers focus on site descriptions such as that of the large Japanese $500 million Real World Computing (RWC) project, on historical philosophical issues, on systems which have been built and which integrate the processing of visual scenes together with language about them, and on spatial relations which appear to be the key to integration. The U.S.A., Japan and the EU are well reflected, showing up the fact that integration is a truly international issue. There is no doubt that all of this will be necessary for the InformationSuperHighways of the future.
Book Synopsis Computer Vision – ECCV 2018 by : Vittorio Ferrari
Download or read book Computer Vision – ECCV 2018 written by Vittorio Ferrari and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-05 with total page 733 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The sixteen-volume set comprising the LNCS volumes 11205-11220 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 15th European Conference on Computer Vision, ECCV 2018, held in Munich, Germany, in September 2018.The 776 revised papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 2439 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on learning for vision; computational photography; human analysis; human sensing; stereo and reconstruction; optimization; matching and recognition; video attention; and poster sessions.
Book Synopsis Pattern Recognition and Computer Vision by : Yuxin Peng
Download or read book Pattern Recognition and Computer Vision written by Yuxin Peng and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-11 with total page 789 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The three-volume set LNCS 12305, 12306, and 12307 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third Chinese Conference on Pattern Recognition and Computer Vision, PRCV 2020, held virtually in Nanjing, China, in October 2020. The 158 full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 402 submissions. The papers have been organized in the following topical sections: Part I: Computer Vision and Application, Part II: Pattern Recognition and Application, Part III: Machine Learning.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Natural Language Processing by : Robert Dale
Download or read book Handbook of Natural Language Processing written by Robert Dale and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-07-25 with total page 974 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study explores the design and application of natural language text-based processing systems, based on generative linguistics, empirical copus analysis, and artificial neural networks. It emphasizes the practical tools to accommodate the selected system.
Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Computational Linguistics by : Ruslan Mitkov
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Computational Linguistics written by Ruslan Mitkov and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022-03-09 with total page 1377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ruslan Mitkov's highly successful Oxford Handbook of Computational Linguistics has been substantially revised and expanded in this second edition. Alongside updated accounts of the topics covered in the first edition, it includes 17 new chapters on subjects such as semantic role-labelling, text-to-speech synthesis, translation technology, opinion mining and sentiment analysis, and the application of Natural Language Processing in educational and biomedical contexts, among many others. The volume is divided into four parts that examine, respectively: the linguistic fundamentals of computational linguistics; the methods and resources used, such as statistical modelling, machine learning, and corpus annotation; key language processing tasks including text segmentation, anaphora resolution, and speech recognition; and the major applications of Natural Language Processing, from machine translation to author profiling. The book will be an essential reference for researchers and students in computational linguistics and Natural Language Processing, as well as those working in related industries.
Book Synopsis Referring expression generation in context by : Fahime Same
Download or read book Referring expression generation in context written by Fahime Same and published by Language Science Press. This book was released on 2024-06-03 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reference production, often termed Referring Expression Generation (REG) in computational linguistics, encompasses two distinct tasks: (1) one-shot REG, and (2) REG-in-context. One-shot REG explores which properties of a referent offer a unique description of it. In contrast, REG-in-context asks which (anaphoric) referring expressions are optimal at various points in discourse. This book offers a series of in-depth studies of the REG-in-context task. It thoroughly explores various aspects of the task such as corpus selection, computational methods, feature analysis, and evaluation techniques. The comparative study of different corpora highlights the pivotal role of corpus choice in REG-in-context research, emphasizing its influence on all subsequent model development steps. An experimental analysis of various feature-based machine learning models reveals that those with a concise set of linguistically-informed features can rival models with more features. Furthermore, this work highlights the importance of paragraph-related concepts, an area underexplored in Natural Language Generation (NLG). The book offers a thorough evaluation of different approaches to the REG-in-context task (rule-based, feature-based, and neural end-to-end), and demonstrates that well-crafted, non-neural models are capable of matching or surpassing the performance of neural REG-in-context models. In addition, the book delves into post-hoc experiments, aimed at improving the explainability of both neural and classical REG-in-context models. It also addresses other critical topics, such as the limitations of accuracy-based evaluation metrics and the essential role of human evaluation in NLG research. These studies collectively advance our understanding of REG-in-context. They highlight the importance of selecting appropriate corpora and targeted features. They show the need for context-aware modeling and the value of a comprehensive approach to model evaluation and interpretation. This detailed analysis of REG-in-context paves the way for developing more sophisticated, linguistically-informed, and contextually appropriate NLG systems.
Book Synopsis Document Analysis and Recognition - ICDAR 2024 by : Elisa H. Barney Smith
Download or read book Document Analysis and Recognition - ICDAR 2024 written by Elisa H. Barney Smith and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Natural Language Processing and Chinese Computing by : Xiaodan Zhu
Download or read book Natural Language Processing and Chinese Computing written by Xiaodan Zhu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-06 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This two-volume set of LNAI 12340 and LNAI 12341 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th CCF Conference on Natural Language Processing and Chinese Computing, NLPCC 2020, held in Zhengzhou, China, in October 2020. The 70 full papers, 30 poster papers and 14 workshop papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 320 submissions. They are organized in the following areas: Conversational Bot/QA; Fundamentals of NLP; Knowledge Base, Graphs and Semantic Web; Machine Learning for NLP; Machine Translation and Multilinguality; NLP Applications; Social Media and Network; Text Mining; and Trending Topics.
Book Synopsis Pattern Recognition and Computer Vision by : Zhouchen Lin
Download or read book Pattern Recognition and Computer Vision written by Zhouchen Lin and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-10-31 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The three-volume set LNCS 11857, 11858, and 11859 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second Chinese Conference on Pattern Recognition and Computer Vision, PRCV 2019, held in Xi’an, China, in November 2019. The 165 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 412 submissions. The papers have been organized in the following topical sections: Part I: Object Detection, Tracking and Recognition, Part II: Image/Video Processing and Analysis, Part III: Data Analysis and Optimization.
Book Synopsis Modeling and Using Context by : Patrick Brézillon
Download or read book Modeling and Using Context written by Patrick Brézillon and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-10-23 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the proceedings of the 8th International and Interdisciplinary Conference on Modeling and Using Context, CONTEXT 2013, held in Annecy, France, in October/November 2013. The 23 full papers and 9 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. In addition the book contains two keynote speeches and 9 poster papers. They cover cutting-edge results from the wide range of disciplines concerned with context, including: Cognitive Sciences (Linguistics, Psychology, Computer Science, Neuroscience), and computer science (artificial intelligence, logics, ubiquitous and pervasive computing, context-awareness systems), and the Social Sciences and Organizational Sciences, as well as the Humanities and all application areas, including Medicine and Law.
Book Synopsis Computer Vision – ECCV 2022 by : Shai Avidan
Download or read book Computer Vision – ECCV 2022 written by Shai Avidan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-10-28 with total page 810 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 39-volume set, comprising the LNCS books 13661 until 13699, constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 17th European Conference on Computer Vision, ECCV 2022, held in Tel Aviv, Israel, during October 23–27, 2022. The 1645 papers presented in these proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 5804 submissions. The papers deal with topics such as computer vision; machine learning; deep neural networks; reinforcement learning; object recognition; image classification; image processing; object detection; semantic segmentation; human pose estimation; 3d reconstruction; stereo vision; computational photography; neural networks; image coding; image reconstruction; object recognition; motion estimation.
