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Rb And Tumorigenesis
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Book Synopsis Rb and Tumorigenesis by : Maurizio Fanciulli
Download or read book Rb and Tumorigenesis written by Maurizio Fanciulli and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-02-26 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rb and Tumorigenesis examines how recent advances have demonstrated the interaction of Rb with chromatin remodeling enzymes. This new title explores the potential roles of these interactions in Rb functions and provides some evidence that distinct Rb co-repressor may target different genes in different phases of the cell cycle. This book will interest cell biologists, graduate students and researchers.
Book Synopsis Molecular Biology of The Cell by : Bruce Alberts
Download or read book Molecular Biology of The Cell written by Bruce Alberts and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Retinoblastoma Protein by : Pedro G. Santiago-Cardona
Download or read book The Retinoblastoma Protein written by Pedro G. Santiago-Cardona and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2018-02-22 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume covers the mechanisms of pRb inactivation detailing repressive mechanisms commonly associated to cancer, and representative of the experimentally relevant tests used in the establishment of cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Chapters contain protocols and in-depth discussions for commonly used experimental approaches to assess the status and function of components of the pRb pathway, including pRb itself, in cell lines and biological samples.Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, The Retinoblastoma Protein aims to serve as a guide to assist molecular cancer biologists in their search for understanding of the molecular functions of this preeminent tumor suppressor.
Book Synopsis Tumor Suppressors and Breast Cancer: Molecular Interaction of Retinoblastoma Protein (Rb) with a New Rb-binding Protein (RIZ). by :
Download or read book Tumor Suppressors and Breast Cancer: Molecular Interaction of Retinoblastoma Protein (Rb) with a New Rb-binding Protein (RIZ). written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cancer arises from an accumulation of multiple mutations that may occur in oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes or DNA repair genes. Tumor suppressors control cell cycle and growth and mutations or alterations in these suppressors can be associated with the uncontrolled growth of malignant tumors. In this project, tumor suppressors were studied highlighting a new protein called RlZ. The goal is to use x-ray crystallography to study the molecules. The results will be important to understanding the role of the new regulator protein RlZ in tumorigenesis in breast cancer. This IDEA project focused on the first steps in the process, i.e. production, purification and crystallization of the proteins. Notable progress was made in identifying the PR domain in RlZ that is directly linked to tumor suppression. PR is underexpressed in breast cancer. Feasibility for structural studies of this new protein motif (PR) was established.
Download or read book Prostate Cancer written by Scott M. Dehm and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-03 with total page 483 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this book is to provide a contemporary overview of the causes and consequences of prostate cancer from a cellular and genetic perspective. Written by experts in the fields of epidemiology, toxicology, cell biology, genetics, genomics, cell-cell interactions, cell signaling, hormone signaling, and transcriptional regulation, the text covers aspects of prostate cancer from disease initiation to metastasis. Chapters explore in depth the cells of origin for prostate cancer, its genomic subtypes, neural transcription factors in disease progression, epigenetic regulation of chromatin, and many other topics. This book distinguishes itself from other texts on prostate cancer by its focus on cellular and genetic mechanisms, as opposed to clinical diagnosis and management. As a result, this book will be of broad interest to basic and translational scientists with familiarity of these topics, as well as to trainees at earlier stages of their research careers.
Book Synopsis The Impact of RB Deficiency on Hepatocyte Biology and Tumorigenesis by : Ryan J. Bourgo
Download or read book The Impact of RB Deficiency on Hepatocyte Biology and Tumorigenesis written by Ryan J. Bourgo and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The integrity of the RB tumor suppressor pathway is critical for inhibition of inappropriate proliferation and suppression of tumor development in a wide variety of human tissues. RB has been shown to play a number of distinct roles in contributing to tumor suppression; studies have implicated the RB pathway in DNA damage response, genome instability, establishment of senescence, and promotion of differentiation, among other processes. Despite intensive research, however, the specific functions of RB as they relate to individual disease contexts and distinct facets of cellular stress response remain unclear. Herein, research is directed at first unmasking the immediate underlying impact of RB deletion in vivo , and then subsequently probing the specific disease-relevant functions of RB deficiency during DNA damage response and subsequent liver tumorigenesis. Tissue specific deletion of RB revealed a profound induction of E2F-mediated DNA replication that was characterized by hyper-physiological formation of pre-replication complexes. These phenotypes were not accompanied by productive mitoses. Uniquely, RB-deficient hepatocytes accumulated aberrant ploidy and significant levels of DNA damage. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo analyses demonstrate the LXCXE-binding function of RB, while dispensable for E2F-promoter association, is required for mediating appropriate transcriptional control during DNA damage response in the liver. Such aberrant responses were mediated preferentially through E2F3. Long-term studies demonstrated that disruption of LXCXE-binding accelerated DNA damage mediated tumorigenesis in vivo and gene expression profiling revealed that the transcriptional program mediated by this function of RB was associated with progression to HCC in humans. Surprisingly, gene expression profiling also revealed an unexpected role for RB in modulation of immune response gene transcription. Together, these studies demonstrate and establish highly tissue-specific and context-depentent roles for RB in transcriptional control and tumor suppression.
Book Synopsis Recessive Oncogenes and Tumor Suppression by : Webster K. Cavenee
Download or read book Recessive Oncogenes and Tumor Suppression written by Webster K. Cavenee and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contributors to the meeting held at the Lab in March 1989 review mapping and cloning of cancer genes, retino-blastoma, new putative tumor suppressor genes, and the ways in which interactions between viral transforming proteins and cell proteins may lead to loss of growth control. No index. Annotatio
Book Synopsis Systems Biology of Cancer by : Sam Thiagalingam
Download or read book Systems Biology of Cancer written by Sam Thiagalingam and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-04-09 with total page 597 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An overview of the current systems biology-based knowledge and the experimental approaches for deciphering the biological basis of cancer.
Book Synopsis Loss of the RB Tumor Suppressor Contributes to Genomic Instability by :
Download or read book Loss of the RB Tumor Suppressor Contributes to Genomic Instability written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor RB, is functionally inactivated in many human cancers. Classically, it is known that RB ablation leads to deregulated G1 and S phase leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. However, emerging evidence suggests that the role of RB in cancer is not limited to instituting the G1/S checkpoint and extends to other processes including genome integrity. Given this background, we set out to understand the role of RB in aspects of the cell cycle such as DNA synthesis and mitosis. We then tried to apply our findings to the context of multiple tumor suppressor losses to investigate if tumor suppressor functions are non-overlapping or redundant, specifically when it comes to maintaining the normal DNA content in the cell. We used mouse adult fibroblasts, MAFs, to demonstrate that aberrant DNA content in RB deficient cells occurs concomitantly with an increase in levels and chromatin-association of DNA replication factors. Furthermore, RB-deficient cells bypass the mitotic block induced by microtubule inhibitors and accumulate cells with higher ploidy and micronuclei. To examine the mechanistic basis of our observations, we exogenously expressed replication factors Cdc6 or Cdt1 in RB-proficient cells but that did not recapitulate the RB deficient cell phenotype. However, ectopic E2F expression in RB-proficient cells did elevate ploidy and bypassed the response to nocodazole induced cessation of DNA replication in a manner analogous to RB loss. Collectively, the above results demonstrate that deregulated S phase control is a key mechanism by which RB-deficient cells acquire elevated ploidy. To investigate the role of RB in mitosis, we examined the protein levels of mitotic markers and observed that RB loss elevated their expression. Furthermore, loss of RB decreased the overall time taken by cells to complete mitosis and cytokinesis. The mitotic data indicates that in addition to classic functions of RB where it plays a role in preventing hyperproliferation, the RB tumor suppressor also exerts control over several aspects of the cell cycle. We then proceeded to characterize the effect of combined RB and p53 loss on cell ploidy and nocodazole-mediated cell cycle arrest. The rationale behind these experiments was that some tumors harbor losses of both RB and p53. It is known that such tumors have novel phenotypes and are generally more aggressive than tumors that have lost either RB or p53 alone. We therefore hypothesized that in a cellular model, the combined loss of both these tumor suppressors would exhibit additive or even synergistic effects when compared to cells harboring loss of either RB or p53. Our results show that combined loss of RB and p53 results in an additive increase in cell ploidy following nocodazole treatment. Surprisingly, growth after drug removal showed that RB-deficient cells were best able to sustain the polyploidy population for extended periods when compared to p53-deficient or doubly deficient cells. Also, the double null cells did not revert to their pre-nocodazole cell cycle profile after drug removal. Together, these results emphasize that RB and p53 have a complex interplay of overlapping and non-redundant functions.
Book Synopsis Methylation of the Retinoblastoma Tumor Suppressor by SMYD2 and Functional Interactions Between Retinoblastoma and C-MYC in a Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by : Louis Alexander Saddic (III.)
Download or read book Methylation of the Retinoblastoma Tumor Suppressor by SMYD2 and Functional Interactions Between Retinoblastoma and C-MYC in a Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Carcinoma written by Louis Alexander Saddic (III.) and published by Stanford University. This book was released on 2011 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor RB is a central cell cycle regulator. Here we demonstrate that RB can be methylated by SMYD2 at lysine 860, a highly conserved and novel site of modification. This methylation event occurs in vitro and in cells and is regulated during cell cycle progression, cellular differentiation, and in response to DNA damage. Furthermore, we show that RB mono-methylation at lysine 860 provides a direct binding site for the methyl-binding domain of the transcriptional repressor L3MBTL1. This modification may be crucial for regulating the function of RB as a tumor suppressor. Inactivation of RB and activation of the MYC family of oncogenes are frequent events in a large spectrum of human cancers. Here, we sought to also test whether loss of RB function would affect cancer development in a mouse model of c-MYC-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We found that RB inactivation has minimal effects on the cell cycle, cell death, and differentiation features of liver tumors driven by increased levels of c-MYC. However, combined loss of RB and activation of c-MYC led to an increase in polyploidy in mature hepatocytes before the development of tumors and a trend for decreased survival after cancer initiation.
Author :United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :728 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (318 download)
Book Synopsis How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease by : United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General
Download or read book How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease written by United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.
Book Synopsis Mechanisms of Oncogenesis by : Domenico Coppola
Download or read book Mechanisms of Oncogenesis written by Domenico Coppola and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-03-17 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a comprehensive update on mechanisms of tumorigenesis. The first portion discusses pediatric cancer, the influence of environmental factors and oncogene activity in tumorigenesis; the second portion is structured by organ site for easy access.
Book Synopsis Textbook of Radiation Oncology by : Steven A. Leibel
Download or read book Textbook of Radiation Oncology written by Steven A. Leibel and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thoroughly revised and updated, the 2nd Edition presents all of the latest advances in the field, including the most recent technologies and techniques. For each tumor site discussed, readers will find unparalleled coverage of multiple treatment plans, histology and biology of the tumor, its anatomic location and routes of spread, and utilization of specialized techniques. This convenient source also reviews all of the basic principles that underlie the selection and application of radiation as a treatment modality, including radiobiology, radiation physics, immobilization and simulation, high dose rate, intraoperative irradation, and more. Comprehensively reviews each topic, with a distinct clinical orientation throughout. Serves as a foundation for the basic principles that underlie the selection and application of radiation as a treatment modality, including radiobiology, radiation physics, immobilization and simulation, high dose rate, intraoperative irradation, and more. Guides readers through all stages of treatment application with step-by-step techniques for the assessment and implementation of radiotherapeutic options. Presents latest information on brachytherapy * 3-dimensional conformal treatment planning * sterotactic radiosurgery * and radiolabeled antibodies. Discusses the recent use of radiotherapy in the treatment of primary lymphoma, leukemia, multiple myeloma, and cancers of the prostate and central nervous system. Includes the latest AJCC staging system guidelines. Offers the latest advances in techniques, allowing you to deliver doses precisely to areas affected by malignancy and spare healthy tissue. Presents new chapters on the hottest topics including Three Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy * Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy * Breathing Synchronized Radiotherapy * Plasma Cell Tumors: Multiple Myeloma and Solitary Plasmacytoma * Extracranial Stereotactic Radioablation * and [Imaging of the] Head and Neck * Thorax * Abdomen * and Pelvis.
Book Synopsis Telomeres and Telomerase in Cancer by : Keiko Hiyama
Download or read book Telomeres and Telomerase in Cancer written by Keiko Hiyama and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-03-18 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Telomerase, an enzyme that maintains telomeres and endows eukaryotic cells with immortality, was first discovered in tetrahymena in 1985. In 1990s, it was proven that this enzyme also plays a key role in the infinite proliferation of human cancer cells. Now telomere and telomerase are widely accepted as important factors involved in cancer biology, and as promising diagnostic tools and therapeutic targets. Recently, role of telomerase in “cancer stem cells” has become another attractive story. Until now, there are several good books on telomere and telomerase focusing on biology in ciliates, yeasts, and mouse or basic sciences in human, providing basic scientists or students with updated knowledge.
Book Synopsis Tumor Suppressor Genes in Human Cancer by : David E. Fisher
Download or read book Tumor Suppressor Genes in Human Cancer written by David E. Fisher and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2000-10-26 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: David Fisher, MD, PhD, and an authoritative panel of academic, cutting-edge researchers review and summarize the current state of the field. Describing the broad roles of tumor suppressors from a perspective based in molecular biology and genetics, the authors detail the major suppressors and the pathways they regulate, including cell cycle progression, stress responses, apoptosis, and responses to DNA damage. Leading-edge and forward-looking, Tumor Suppressor Genes in Human Cancer illuminates what is currently known of tumor suppressor genes and their regulation, work that is already beginning to revolutionize cancer target elucidation, drug discovery, and treatment design.
Download or read book Genes and Cancer written by Karol Sikora and published by Wiley. This book was released on 1990-10-26 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work serves as an introduction to the applications of molecular biology in the field of oncology. It provides a basic understanding of the genetic events involved in fully developed human cancer, including research into inherited and acquired gene defects initiating new neoplasms and the subsequent genetic alterations involved in tumor progression. Some of the specific topics explored include gene control, molecular therapy and antibodies, drug resistance, growth factors and receptors, and tumor biology. While intended primarily as an advanced text for oncologists, postgraduate molecular geneticists and molecular biologists, the book will certainly be of interest to other researchers who frequently encounter cancer in their practice.
Book Synopsis Regulation of G1 Phase Progression by : Johannes Boonstra
Download or read book Regulation of G1 Phase Progression written by Johannes Boonstra and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-09-30 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this contribution, several specialists describe the current knowledge on the molecular networks that regulate cell cycle progression, with an emphasis on the G1 phase of the cell cycle. The first part of Regulation of G1 Phase Progression is concerned with the individual molecules that form the network, including cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases, inhibitors of these kinases and retinoblastoma and p53. The second section describes the signaling cascades by which external factors influence the cell cycle network, including mitogens, the extracellular matrix, nutrients and oxygen radicals. The last section describes the effects of specific external conditions on cell cycle progression and are presented such as serum starvation and subsequent re-addition and stress conditions (heat, osmolarity). The final two chapters describe the relation between cell cycle progression with cell differentiation and with apoptosis.
