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Rationality In Belief And Action
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Book Synopsis Rationality in Action by : John R. Searle
Download or read book Rationality in Action written by John R. Searle and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2003-01-24 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of rationality and practical reason, or rationality in action, has been central to Western intellectual culture. In this invigorating book, John Searle lays out six claims of what he calls the Classical Model of rationality and shows why they are false. He then presents an alternative theory of the role of rationality in thought and action. A central point of Searle's theory is that only irrational actions are directly caused by beliefs and desires—for example, the actions of a person in the grip of an obsession or addiction. In most cases of rational action, there is a gap between the motivating desire and the actual decision making. The traditional name for this gap is "freedom of the will." According to Searle, all rational activity presupposes free will. For rationality is possible only where one has a choice among various rational as well as irrational options. Unlike many philosophical tracts, Rationality in Action invites the reader to apply the author's ideas to everyday life. Searle shows, for example, that contrary to the traditional philosophical view, weakness of will is very common. He also points out the absurdity of the claim that rational decision making always starts from a consistent set of desires. Rational decision making, he argues, is often about choosing between conflicting reasons for action. In fact, humans are distinguished by their ability to be rationally motivated by desire-independent reasons for action. Extending his theory of rationality to the self, Searle shows how rational deliberation presupposes an irreducible notion of the self. He also reveals the idea of free will to be essentially a thesis of how the brain works.
Book Synopsis Belief, Action, and Rationality Over Time by : Chrisoula Andreou
Download or read book Belief, Action, and Rationality Over Time written by Chrisoula Andreou and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-10-18 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Action theorists and formal epistemologists often pursue parallel inquiries regarding rationality, with the former focused on practical rationality, and the latter focused on theoretical rationality. In both fields, there is currently a strong interest in exploring rationality in relation to time. The exploration raises questions about the rationality of certain patterns over time. For example, it raises questions about the rational permissibility of certain patterns of intention; similarly, it raises questions about the rational permissibility of certain patterns of belief. While the action-theoretic and epistemic questions raised are closely related, advances in one field are not always processed by the other. This volume brings together contributions by scholars in action theory and formal epistemology working on questions regarding rationality and time so that researchers in these overlapping fields can profit from each other's insights. This book was originally published as a special issue of the Canadian Journal of Philosophy.
Download or read book Desire as Belief written by Alex Gregory and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021-06-17 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A popular model of human action treats it as universally explicable by appeal to what we want. A related view evaluates our actions as rational or otherwise by appeal to what we want. However, these dominant views sit in tension with two other common sense ideas. First, that our normative beliefs — such as our beliefs about what we ought to do — sometimes explain our actions. Second, that those beliefs are crucial for determining whether our actions are rational. To try and resolve these tensions, this book defends 'desire-as-belief', the view that desires are just a special subset of our normative beliefs. This view entitles us to accept orthodox models of human motivation and rationality that explain those things with reference to desire, while also making room for our normative beliefs to play a role in those domains. This view also tells us to diverge from the orthodox view on which desires themselves can never be right or wrong. Rather, according to desire-as-belief, our desires can themselves be assessed for their accuracy, and they are wrong when they misrepresent normative features of the world. Hume says that it is not contrary to reason to prefer the destruction of the whole world to the scratching of your finger, but he is wrong: it is foolish to have this preference, and this is so because this preference misrepresents the relative worth of these things. This book mounts an engaging and comprehensive defence of these ideas.
Book Synopsis Belief, Action and Rationality over Time by : Chrisoula Andreou
Download or read book Belief, Action and Rationality over Time written by Chrisoula Andreou and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-04-19 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Action theorists and formal epistemologists often pursue parallel inquiries regarding rationality, with the former focused on practical rationality, and the latter focused on theoretical rationality. In both fields, there is currently a strong interest in exploring rationality in relation to time. This exploration raises questions about the rationality of certain patterns over time. For example, it raises questions about the rational permissibility of certain patterns of intention; similarly, it raises questions about the rational permissibility of certain patterns of belief. While the action-theoretic and epistemic questions raised are closely related, advances in one field are not always processed by the other. This volume brings together contributions by scholars in action theory and formal epistemology working on questions regarding rationality and time so that researchers in these overlapping fields can profit from each other’s insights. This book was originally published as a special issue of the Canadian Journal of Philosophy.
Download or read book Brute Rationality written by Joshua Gert and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004-08-19 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents an account of normative practical reasons and the way in which they contribute to the rationality of action. Rather than simply 'counting in favour of' actions, normative reasons play two logically distinct roles: requiring action and justifying action. The distinction between these two roles explains why some reasons do not seem relevant to the rational status of an action unless the agent cares about them, while other reasons retain all their force regardless of the agent's attitude. It also explains why the class of rationally permissible action is wide enough to contain not only all morally required action, but also much selfish and immoral action. The book will appeal to a range of readers interested in practical reason in particular, and moral theory more generally.
Book Synopsis Epistemic Game Theory by : Andrés Perea
Download or read book Epistemic Game Theory written by Andrés Perea and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-06-07 with total page 581 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first textbook to explain the principles of epistemic game theory.
Book Synopsis Rational Powers in Action by : Sergio Tenenbaum
Download or read book Rational Powers in Action written by Sergio Tenenbaum and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-11-05 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human actions unfold over time, in pursuit of ends that are not fully specified in advance. Rational Powers in Action locates these features of the human condition at the heart of a new theory of instrumental rationality. Where many theories of rational agency focus on instantaneous choices between sharply defined outcomes, treating the temporally extended and partially open-ended character of action as an afterthought, this book argues that the deep structure of instrumental rationality can only be understood if we see how it governs the pursuit of long-term, indeterminate ends. These are ends that cannot be realized through a single momentary action, and whose content leaves partly open what counts as realizing the end. Sergio Tenenbaum argues that we need to focus on temporal duration and the indeterminacy of ends in intentional action, even to explain the rational governance of relatively simple actions. Theories of moment-by-moment preference maximization, or indeed any understanding of instrumental rationality on the basis of momentary mental items, cannot capture the fundamental structure of our instrumentally rational capacities. Tenenbaum provides a new theory of instrumental rationality as rationality in action.
Book Synopsis Rationality and Religious Commitment by : Robert Audi
Download or read book Rationality and Religious Commitment written by Robert Audi and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2011-09-22 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rationality and Religious Commitment shows how religious commitment can be rational and describes the place of faith in the postmodern world. It portrays religious commitment as far more than accepting doctrines—it is viewed as a kind of life, not just as an embrace of tenets. Faith is conceived as a unique attitude. It is irreducible to belief but closely connected with both belief and conduct, and intimately related to life's moral, political, and aesthetic dimensions. Part One presents an account of rationality as a status attainable by mature religious people—even those with a strongly scientific habit of mind. Part Two describes what it means to have faith, how faith is connected with attitudes, emotions, and conduct, and how religious experience may support it. Part Three turns to religious commitment and moral obligation and to the relation between religion and politics. It shows how ethics and religion can be mutually supportive even though ethics provides standards of conduct independently of theology. It also depicts the integrated life possible for the religiously committed—a life with rewarding interactions between faith and reason, religion and science, and the aesthetic and the spiritual. The book concludes with two major accounts. One explains how moral wrongs and natural disasters are possible under God conceived as having the knowledge, power, and goodness that make such evils so difficult to understand. The other account explores the nature of persons, human and divine, and yields a conception that can sustain a rational theistic worldview even in the contemporary scientific age.
Book Synopsis The Architecture of Reason by : Robert Audi
Download or read book The Architecture of Reason written by Robert Audi and published by Oxford University Press on Demand. This book was released on 2001 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book sets out a theory of rationality applicable to both practical and theoretical reason. Audi explains the role of experience in grounding rationality, delineates the structure of central elements and attacks the egocentric view of rationality.
Author :International Philosophical Conference Rationality in belief and action Publisher : ISBN 13 :9789536104536 Total Pages :308 pages Book Rating :4.1/5 (45 download)
Book Synopsis Rationality in belief and action by : International Philosophical Conference Rationality in belief and action
Download or read book Rationality in belief and action written by International Philosophical Conference Rationality in belief and action and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Reason and Rationality by : Jon Elster
Download or read book Reason and Rationality written by Jon Elster and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2009 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the world's most important political philosophers, Jon Elster is a leading thinker on reason and rationality and their roles in politics and public life. In this short book, he crystallizes and advances his work, bridging the gap between philosophers who use the idea of reason to assess human behavior from a normative point of view and social scientists who use the idea of rationality to explain behavior. In place of these approaches, Elster proposes a unified conceptual framework for the study of behavior. Drawing on classical moralists as well as modern scholarship, and using a wealth of historical and contemporary illustrations, Reason and Rationality marks a new development in Elster's thinking while at the same time providing a brief, elegant, and accessible introduction to his work.
Book Synopsis Action, Intention, and Reason by : Robert Audi
Download or read book Action, Intention, and Reason written by Robert Audi and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2019-01-24 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the first time, Robert Audi presents in Action, Intention, and Reason a full version of his theory of the nature, explanation, freedom, and rationality of human action. Ove the years Audi has set out in journal articles different aspects of a unified theory of action. This volume offers the unity of a single, seamless book with thirteen self-contained chapters, two of them previously unpublished, and a new overview of action theory and the book's contribution to it. The book is divided into four parts, each addressing a major problem area. The chapters in Part One describe the motivational grounds of action, explicate desire, belief, intention, and volition, and give a distinctive account of their interconnections. In the second part, Audi sets out a theory of the explanation of action and argues that actions can be both law-governed and performed for reasons. The third part provides an account of free action and its relation to causation and responsibility. Chapters in the fourth and final part construct an account of rational action and its connections with practical reasoning, self-deception, and weakness of will.
Book Synopsis The Nature of Rationality by : Robert Nozick
Download or read book The Nature of Rationality written by Robert Nozick and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 1994-12-19 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The award-winning author of Anarchy, State, and Utopia continues his search for the connections between philosophy and "ordinary" experience and shows how principles function in our day-to-day thinking and in our efforts to live peacefully and productively with each other.
Book Synopsis How Biology Shapes Philosophy by : David Livingstone Smith
Download or read book How Biology Shapes Philosophy written by David Livingstone Smith and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A collection of original essays by major thinkers, addressing how the biological sciences inform and inspire philosophical research.
Book Synopsis Rationality and Decision Making by :
Download or read book Rationality and Decision Making written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2018-02-08 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The volume Rationality and Decision Making: From Normative Rules to Heuristics analyses rational and irrational decision making by individuals as well as by groups. The contributors adopt methodological, logical, linguistic, psychological, historical, and evolutionary perspectives.
Book Synopsis Rationality in Action by : Paul K. Moser
Download or read book Rationality in Action written by Paul K. Moser and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1990-10-26 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An anthology of previously published pieces that have proven long term importance to theoretical work in rational action.
Download or read book Rational Belief written by Robert Audi and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2015 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Belief : its structure, content, and relation to the will -- Dispositional beliefs and dispositions to believe -- Doxastic voluntarism and the ethics of belief -- Belief : a study in form, content, and justification -- Normativity and virtue in epistemology -- Moral perception and moral knowledge -- Reliability as a virtue -- Knowledge, justification, and the normativity of epistemology -- Epistemological internalism and grounds of justification and knowledge -- An internalist theory of normative grounds -- Theoretical rationality : its sources, structure, and scope -- Doxastic innocence : phenomenal conservatism and epistemological common sense -- Skepticism about the a priori : self-evidence, defeasibility, and cogito propositions -- Social epistemology -- The place of testimony in the fabric of knowledge and justification -- Testimony as a social foundation of knowledge -- The ethics of belief and the morality of disagreement : intellectual responsibility and rational disagreement.
