Rationality And Logic

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Rationality and Logic

Author : Robert Hanna
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262263114
Total Pages : 341 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (622 download)

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Book Synopsis Rationality and Logic by : Robert Hanna

Download or read book Rationality and Logic written by Robert Hanna and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2009-01-23 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An argument that logic is intrinsically psychological and human psychology is intrinsically logical, and that the connection between human rationality and logic is both constitutive and mutual. In Rationality and Logic, Robert Hanna argues that logic is intrinsically psychological and that human psychology is intrinsically logical. He claims that logic is cognitively constructed by rational animals (including humans) and that rational animals are essentially logical animals. In order to do so, he defends the broadly Kantian thesis that all (and only) rational animals possess an innate cognitive "logic faculty." Hanna's claims challenge the conventional philosophical wisdom that sees logic as a fully formal or "topic-neutral" science irreconcilably separate from the species- or individual-specific focus of empirical psychology.Logic and psychology went their separate ways after attacks by Frege and Husserl on logical psychologism—the explanatory reduction of logic to empirical psychology. Hanna argues, however, that—despite the fact that logical psychologism is false—there is an essential link between logic and psychology. Rational human animals constitute the basic class of cognizers or thinkers studied by cognitive psychology; given the connection between rationality and logic that Hanna claims, it follows that the nature of logic is significantly revealed to us by cognitive psychology. Hanna's proposed "logical cognitivism" has two important consequences: the recognition by logically oriented philosophers that psychologists are their colleagues in the metadiscipline of cognitive science; and radical changes in cognitive science itself. Cognitive science, Hanna argues, is not at bottom a natural science; it is both an objective or truth-oriented science and a normative human science, as is logic itself.

Logic, Reasoning, and Rationality

Author : Erik Weber
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9401790116
Total Pages : 283 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Logic, Reasoning, and Rationality by : Erik Weber

Download or read book Logic, Reasoning, and Rationality written by Erik Weber and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-08-06 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains a selection of the papers presented at the Logic, Reasoning and Rationality 2010 conference (LRR10) in Ghent. The conference aimed at stimulating the use of formal frameworks to explicate concrete cases of human reasoning, and conversely, to challenge scholars in formal studies by presenting them with interesting new cases of actual reasoning. According to the members of the Wiener Kreis, there was a strong connection between logic, reasoning, and rationality and that human reasoning is rational in so far as it is based on (classical) logic. Later, this belief came under attack and logic was deemed inadequate to explicate actual cases of human reasoning. Today, there is a growing interest in reconnecting logic, reasoning and rationality. A central motor for this change was the development of non-classical logics and non-classical formal frameworks. The book contains contributions in various non-classical formal frameworks, case studies that enhance our apprehension of concrete reasoning patterns, and studies of the philosophical implications for our understanding of the notions of rationality.

Scientific Discovery, Logic, and Rationality

Author : Thomas Nickles
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400989865
Total Pages : 389 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Scientific Discovery, Logic, and Rationality by : Thomas Nickles

Download or read book Scientific Discovery, Logic, and Rationality written by Thomas Nickles and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is fast becoming a cliche that scientific discovery is being rediscovered. For two philosophical generations (that of the Founders and that of the Followers of the logical positivist and logical empiricist movements), discovery had been consigned to the domain of the intractable, the ineffable, the inscrutable. The philosophy of science was focused on the so-called context of justification as its proper domain. More recently, as the exclusivity of the logical reconstruc tion program in philosophy of science came under question, and as the critique of justification developed within the framework of logical and epistemological analysis, the old question of scientific discovery, which had been put on the back burner, began to emerge once again. Emphasis on the relation of the history of science to the philosophy of science, and attention to the question of theory change and theory replacement, also served to legitimate a new concern with the origins of scientific change to be found within discovery and invention. How welcome then to see what a wide range of issues and what a broad representation of philosophers and historians of science have been brought together in the present two volumes of the Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science! For what these volumes achieve, in effect, is the continuation of a tradition which had once been strong in the philosophy of science - namely, that tradition which addressed the question of scientific discovery as a central question in the understanding of science.

Putting Logic in Its Place

Author : David Christensen
Publisher : Oxford University Press on Demand
ISBN 13 : 0199263256
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (992 download)

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Book Synopsis Putting Logic in Its Place by : David Christensen

Download or read book Putting Logic in Its Place written by David Christensen and published by Oxford University Press on Demand. This book was released on 2004-11-04 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Does logic help determine whether beliefs are rational? The author argues that it does - but only once we understand beliefs as coming in degrees. He explains the degree-of-belief approach offers the key to understanding how logical arguments work.

Rationality

Author : Steven Pinker
Publisher : Penguin UK
ISBN 13 : 0241380308
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (413 download)

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Book Synopsis Rationality by : Steven Pinker

Download or read book Rationality written by Steven Pinker and published by Penguin UK. This book was released on 2021-09-28 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A TIMES BOOK OF THE YEAR 2021 'Punchy, funny and invigorating ... Pinker is the high priest of rationalism' Sunday Times 'If you've ever considered taking drugs to make yourself smarter, read Rationality instead. It's cheaper, more entertaining, and more effective' Jonathan Haidt, author of The Righteous Mind In the twenty-first century, humanity is reaching new heights of scientific understanding - and at the same time appears to be losing its mind. How can a species that discovered vaccines for Covid-19 in less than a year produce so much fake news, quack cures and conspiracy theorizing? In Rationality, Pinker rejects the cynical cliché that humans are simply an irrational species - cavemen out of time fatally cursed with biases, fallacies and illusions. After all, we discovered the laws of nature, lengthened and enriched our lives and set the benchmarks for rationality itself. Instead, he explains, we think in ways that suit the low-tech contexts in which we spend most of our lives, but fail to take advantage of the powerful tools of reasoning we have built up over millennia: logic, critical thinking, probability, causal inference, and decision-making under uncertainty. These tools are not a standard part of our educational curricula, and have never been presented clearly and entertainingly in a single book - until now. Rationality matters. It leads to better choices in our lives and in the public sphere, and is the ultimate driver of social justice and moral progress. Brimming with insight and humour, Rationality will enlighten, inspire and empower. 'A terrific book, much-needed for our time' Peter Singer

The Logic of Life

Author : Tim Harford
Publisher : Anchor Canada
ISBN 13 : 0307371883
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (73 download)

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Book Synopsis The Logic of Life by : Tim Harford

Download or read book The Logic of Life written by Tim Harford and published by Anchor Canada. This book was released on 2009-02-24 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In The Logic of Life, bestselling author Tim Harford quite simply makes sense of this world. Life often seems to defy logic. The receptionist is clearly smarter than the boss who earns fifty times her salary. Arbitrary lines starkly divide the desirable districts of the city from the dangerous ones. Voters flock to the polling booths to elect candidates who’ll rip them off to favour special interests. None of it makes logical sense — or does it? Economist and acclaimed author Tim Harford thinks it does. By weaving stories from locations as diverse as a Vegas casino to a barroom speed date, Harford aims to persuade you that people are, in fact, surprisingly logical. When a street prostitute agrees to unprotected sex, or a teenage criminal embarks on a burglary — perhaps especially when a racist employer disregards a black job applicant — we would seem to be a million miles from rational behaviour. Harford shows that, discomfitingly, we are not. It turns out that the unlikeliest of people are complying with the logic of economics and responding to future costs and benefits, often without realizing it; and socially tragic outcomes can have their roots in individually rational decisions. Brilliantly reasoned, always entertaining and often provocative, The Logic of Life is a book to help you understand yourself and the world around you.

Strategic Logic and Political Rationality

Author : Bradford A. Lee
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135759790
Total Pages : 338 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (357 download)

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Book Synopsis Strategic Logic and Political Rationality by : Bradford A. Lee

Download or read book Strategic Logic and Political Rationality written by Bradford A. Lee and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2004-08-02 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of three volumes in honour of the teaching and scholarship of the late Michael I. Handel, this book details the universal logic of strategy and the ability of liberal-democratic governments to address this logic rationally. Treating war as an extension of politics, the diverse contributors (drawn from the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia and Israel) explore the difficulties in matching strategy to policy, especially in free societies.

The Rational Good

Author : Leonard Trelawney Hobhouse
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Rational Good by : Leonard Trelawney Hobhouse

Download or read book The Rational Good written by Leonard Trelawney Hobhouse and published by . This book was released on 1921 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Rationality

Author : Nicholas Rescher
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Rationality by : Nicholas Rescher

Download or read book Rationality written by Nicholas Rescher and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1988 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contending that only a normative theory of rationality can be adequate to the complexities of the subject, this book explains and defends the view that rationality consists of the intelligent pursuit of appropriate objectives. Rescher considers the mechanics, rationale, and rewards of reason, and argues that social scientists who want to present a theory of rationality while avoiding the vexing complexities of normative deliberations must amend their perspective of the rational enterprise.

Logic, Rationality, and Interaction

Author : Patrick Blackburn
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9783662602935
Total Pages : 441 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (29 download)

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Book Synopsis Logic, Rationality, and Interaction by : Patrick Blackburn

Download or read book Logic, Rationality, and Interaction written by Patrick Blackburn and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This LNCS book is part of the FOLLI book series and constitutes the proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Logic, Rationality, and Interaction, LORI 2019, held in Chongqing, China, in October 2019. The 31 papers presented in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 56 submissions. They focus on the following topics: agency; argumentation and agreement; belief revision and belief merging; belief representation; cooperation; decision making and planning; natural language; philosophy and philosophical logic; and strategic reasoning.

The Logic of Choice

Author : Gidon Gottlieb
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000735540
Total Pages : 231 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis The Logic of Choice by : Gidon Gottlieb

Download or read book The Logic of Choice written by Gidon Gottlieb and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-10-30 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1968. This is a critical study of the concept of ‘rule’ featuring in law, ethics and much philosophical analysis which the author uses to investigate the concept of ‘rationality’. The author indicates in what manner the modes of reasoning involved in reliance upon rules are unique and in what fashion they provide an alternative both to the modes of logico-mathematical reasoning and to the modes of scientific reasoning. This prepares the groundwork for a methodology meeting the requirements of the fields using rules such as law and ethics which could be significant for communications theory and the use of computers in normative fields. Other substantive issues related to the mainstream of legal philosophy are discussed - theories of interpretation, the notion of purpose and the requirements of principled decision-making. The book utilizes examples drawn from English and American legal decisions to suggest how the positions of legal positivism and of natural law are equally artificial and misleading.

Logic and Rational Thought

Author : Frank R. Harrison
Publisher : St. Paul, MN : West Publishing Company
ISBN 13 : 9780314668141
Total Pages : 537 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (681 download)

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Book Synopsis Logic and Rational Thought by : Frank R. Harrison

Download or read book Logic and Rational Thought written by Frank R. Harrison and published by St. Paul, MN : West Publishing Company. This book was released on 1992 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Logic, Or Rational Thoughts on the Powers of the Human Understanding

Author : Christian Wolff
Publisher : Georg Olms Verlag
ISBN 13 : 9783487419268
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (192 download)

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Book Synopsis Logic, Or Rational Thoughts on the Powers of the Human Understanding by : Christian Wolff

Download or read book Logic, Or Rational Thoughts on the Powers of the Human Understanding written by Christian Wolff and published by Georg Olms Verlag. This book was released on with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Rationality and Reasoning

Author : Jonathon St. B.T. Evans
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1135472319
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (354 download)

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Book Synopsis Rationality and Reasoning by : Jonathon St. B.T. Evans

Download or read book Rationality and Reasoning written by Jonathon St. B.T. Evans and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-09-13 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses an apparent paradox in the psychology of thinking. On the one hand, human beings are a highly successful species. On the other, intelligent adults are known to exhibit numerous errors and biases in laboratory studies of reasoning and decision making. There has been much debate among both philosophers and psychologists about the implications of such studies for human rationality. The authors argue that this debate is marked by a confusion between two distinct notions: (a) personal rationality (rationality1 Evans and Over argue that people have a high degree of rationality1 but only a limited capacity for rationality2. The book re-interprets the psychological literature on reasoning and decision making, showing that many normative errors, by abstract standards, reflect the operation of processes that would normally help to achieve ordinary goals. Topics discussed include relevance effects in reasoning and decision making, the influence of prior beliefs on thinking, and the argument that apparently non-logical reasoning can reflect efficient decision making. The authors also discuss the problem of deductive competence - whether people have it, and what mechanism can account for it. As the book progresses, increasing emphasis is given to the authors' dual process theory of thinking, in which a distinction between tacit and explicit cognitive systems is developed. It is argued that much of human capacity for rationality1 is invested in tacit cognitive processes, which reflect both innate mechanisms and biologically constrained learning. However, the authors go on to argue that human beings also possess an explicit thinking system, which underlies their unique - if limited - capacity to be rational.

Rationality Through Reasoning

Author : John Broome
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1405117109
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (51 download)

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Book Synopsis Rationality Through Reasoning by : John Broome

Download or read book Rationality Through Reasoning written by John Broome and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-09-03 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rationality Through Reasoning answers the question of how people are motivated to do what they believe they ought to do, built on a comprehensive account of normativity, rationality and reasoning that differs significantly from much existing philosophical thinking. Develops an original account of normativity, rationality and reasoning significantly different from the majority of existing philosophical thought Includes an account of theoretical and practical reasoning that explains how reasoning is something we ourselves do, rather than something that happens in us Gives an account of what reasons are and argues that the connection between rationality and reasons is much less close than many philosophers have thought Contains rigorous new accounts of oughts including owned oughts, agent-relative reasons, the logic of requirements, instrumental rationality, the role of normativity in reasoning, following a rule, the correctness of reasoning, the connections between intentions and beliefs, and much else. Offers a new answer to the ‘motivation question’ of how a normative belief motivates an action.

Bayesian Rationality

Author : Mike Oaksford
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198524498
Total Pages : 342 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (985 download)

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Book Synopsis Bayesian Rationality by : Mike Oaksford

Download or read book Bayesian Rationality written by Mike Oaksford and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2007-02-22 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For almost 2,500 years, the Western concept of what is to be human has been dominated by the idea that the mind is the seat of reason - humans are, almost by definition, the rational animal. In this text a more radical suggestion for explaining these puzzling aspects of human reasoning is put forward.

The Logic of Self-Destruction

Author : Matthew Blakeway
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780992796129
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (961 download)

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Book Synopsis The Logic of Self-Destruction by : Matthew Blakeway

Download or read book The Logic of Self-Destruction written by Matthew Blakeway and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why do knowingly act in ways that undermine our own wellbeing, like loving the wrong person or staying in an unfulfilling job? Why are ideologies so compelling? Why are we so convinced that our own, deeply held views are irrefutable? The Logic of Self-Destruction argues that our beliefs are at the heart of our problems, and that if we can see the human brain for what it really is - a robustly logical, computing device, we can finally understand how those beliefs are really formed. Matthew Blakeway's jovial and engaging multidisciplinary argument applies a logician's rigour to genetics, linguistics, socio-biology and evolutionary psychology, to investigate the unique human ability to affect and suppress emotions. In showing how everything from the British stiff-upper-lip to abusive relationships, from the rise of fundamentalist regimes to the failure of economies, stem from this problem, he provides new tools for understanding our motivations and shaping our futures. . In The Logic of Self-Destruction, Matthew Blakeway takes the reader on an fascinating journey through the logic of human behaviour. He uses a series of thought experiments based in everyday situations to reveal how we manipulate our emotions tactically - as individuals, social tribes and societies - and explores the consequences of this. . He challenges the assumption that happiness is an innate, instinctive human emotion and demonstrates what mystical 'higher states of being' have in common with art appreciation. . He investigates the suppression of emotional behaviour in groups to explain how humiliation on the parade ground turns a soldier into a killer, and how totalitarian regimes are perpetuated. . He reveals why ideology is more powerful than scientific evidence, and explains why climate change denial and even genocide can be explained rationally."