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Rational Design Of Silica Supported Platinum Promoted Iron Fischer Tropsch Synthesis Catalysts Based On Activity Structure Relationships
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Book Synopsis Rational Design of Silica-supported Platinum Promoted Iron Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Catalysts Based on Activity-structure Relationships by : Jian Xu
Download or read book Rational Design of Silica-supported Platinum Promoted Iron Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Catalysts Based on Activity-structure Relationships written by Jian Xu and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Highly Selective, Active and Stable Fischer-Tropsch Catalyst Using Entrapped Iron Nanoparticles in Silicalite-1 by : Joffrey Huve
Download or read book Highly Selective, Active and Stable Fischer-Tropsch Catalyst Using Entrapped Iron Nanoparticles in Silicalite-1 written by Joffrey Huve and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) is gaining renewed interests as it allows converting alternative feedstocks (biomass) into liquid fuels. Compared to Co-based catalysts, state of the art Fe catalysts show lower activity, faster deactivation and lower selectivity as it produces an undesirable amount of CO2. Despite decades of studies, the origins of low activity and selectivity and fast deactivation are still unclear. Typical Fe based catalysts are highly metal loaded (>70 wt.%) and composed of many different phases, which strongly impedes the establishment of structure-activity relationships. There is a need to develop more active, more selective and more stable iron FTS catalysts by rational approaches.The synthesis of well-controlled 3.5 nm iron nanoparticles encapsulated in the walls of a hollow-silicalite-1 zeolite (Fe@hollow-silicalite-1) is presented. The encapsulation prevents particle sintering under FTS conditions leading to a high and stable Fe dispersion. The catalyst Fe@hollow-silicalite-1 is active and highly selective in FTS. Most importantly, Fe@hollow-silicalite-1 does not produce CO2 in contrast to all other Fe-based catalysts. The strong hydrophobicity of the silicalite-1 is likely the origin of the lack of CO2 production by inhibition of the forward WGS reaction. We demonstrated that Fe@hollow-silicalite-1converts CO2 into CO by the reverse WGS reaction. In order to establish a structure-activity relationship, a series of Fe-based catalysts with well-controlled particle sizes were synthesized and characterized (TEM, in-situ XANES, in-situ Mössbauer, XRD). We observed two distinct categories of TOFs depending on the particle size, ~10-2 s-1 for larger (>20 nm) and ~10-3 s-1 for smaller ones.
Book Synopsis Advances in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis, Catalysts, and Catalysis by : B. H. Davis
Download or read book Advances in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis, Catalysts, and Catalysis written by B. H. Davis and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-11-10 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rising oil costs have stimulated significant interest in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) as a method for producing a synthetic petroleum substitute. Drawn from the proceedings at a symposium held during the 236th meeting of the American Chemical Society in Philadelphia in August 2008, Advances in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis, Catalysts, and Cataly
Book Synopsis Effect of Promoter (Mn) on the Performance of SBA-15 Supported Iron Catalysts for High Temperature Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis by : Sreya Mariya Seby
Download or read book Effect of Promoter (Mn) on the Performance of SBA-15 Supported Iron Catalysts for High Temperature Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis written by Sreya Mariya Seby and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Development of an effective High Temperature Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis (HTFTS) catalyst is of interest in process intensification that combines methane reforming with long chain hydrocarbon production. Literature indicates iron catalysts supported on mesoporous silica performed relatively well in high temperature applications. In this work, we investigated the effect of manganese promoter on iron catalysts for FTS at 430 °C as it was known from previous studies that manganese promotion could enhance the CO conversion with higher hydrocarbon yields. Also, the effect of temperature on FTS activity was evaluated by testing the base and promoted Fe/SBA-15 catalysts for temperature ranging from 370 to 430 °C. Incipient wetness impregnation method was used to prepare the catalysts. The catalysts used in this work were un-promoted iron (15 wt%) and Mn promoted (1.4, 2.8, 4.2, 5.6, 11.2 wt%) iron (15 wt%) catalysts supported on SBA-15. The catalysts were characterized using XRD, TPR, N2 Physisorption, and SEM. These catalysts were first activated in synthesis gas (H2: CO = 2:1) at 430 °C and then tested for their catalytic performance at the same temperature and atmospheric pressure. Prior work with SBA-15 supported iron catalysts showed that manganese promotion could improve the CO conversion when compared to copper and potassium. The main goal of this work was to study the effect of varying the manganese content on SBA-15 supported iron catalysts to determine the optimum loading of Mn along with the effect of temperature. It was found that CO conversion increases from 27% to74% with increasing the amount of manganese. The yield of CO2 increased substantially with higher Mn loadings. When different Mn promoted iron catalysts were compared, the catalysts with 2.8 wt% Mn loading showed the best performance in terms of the CO conversion and yield of C2+ hydrocarbons. Catalyst with 2.8 wt% of manganese loading yielded a CO conversion of 54%, with a methane yield of 17%, 32% (carbon) yield of C2- C4 and 9%(carbon) yields of C5+ hydrocarbon products, respectively. The effect of operating temperature on the catalytic performance of both the base catalyst 15Fe/SBA-15 and the promoted 2.8Mn/15Fe/SBA-15 catalyst was also examined. The unpromoted iron catalyst showed an improved catalytic activity at 400 °C with the total CO conversion of 38% and a higher yields of C5+ hydrocarbons. A significant decrease was also observed in the yields of CH4 and CO2. The methane and carbon dioxide yield increased from 11% and 8% to 25% and 40%, respectively, as the temperature increased from 400 to 450 °C. The catalyst with 2.8 wt% of manganese promotion gave better CO conversion and hydrocarbon product yields at 430 °C. Lower temperature showed negative effect on hydrocarbon product yield for manganese promoted catalysts. promoted catalysts.
Book Synopsis Silica Supported Iron Catalysts for the Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis by : Eshan Ben Yeh
Download or read book Silica Supported Iron Catalysts for the Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis written by Eshan Ben Yeh and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Silica Supported Iron-bimetallic Catalysts for the Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis by : Jeffrey Allen Amelse
Download or read book Silica Supported Iron-bimetallic Catalysts for the Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis written by Jeffrey Allen Amelse and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Development of Precipitated Iron Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts by :
Download or read book Development of Precipitated Iron Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Four (alumina or silica) supported catalysts were prepared by conventional impregnation of two commercial supports (silica - Davison grade 952; and alumina - Vista B). Nominal compositions (on mass basis) of synthesized catalysts are: (1) 100 Fe/5 Cu/6 K/139 SiO2 (2) 100 Fe/10 Cu/6 K/134 SiO2, (3) 100 Fe/5 Cu/6 K/139 Al203 and (4) 100 Fe/10 Cu/6 K/134 Al203. The corresponding weight % of iron (as metal) in the prepared catalysts is about 33.8%. Reduction behavior of the four supported catalysts was studied by both temperature programmed and isothermal reduction in hydrogen, and by isothermal reduction in CO at 280°C. Also, two precipitated promoted iron catalysts containing aluminum oxide as a binder, were reduced isothermally in the TGA unit with hydrogen at 240°C and 280°C. One of the two alumina containing catalysts (100 Fe/5 Cu/4.2 K/20 Al203) was tested in a slurry reactor (run SA-0097), and catalyst samples withdrawn from the reactor at various times on stream were characterized by XRD to determine bulk iron phases in the catalyst. Two slurry reactor tests were completed during this quarter. The first test (SA-0097) was conducted with alumina containing catalyst with nominal composition 100 Fe/5 Cu/4.2 K/20 Al203, which was synthesized previously in our laboratory (DOE Contract DE-AC22-85PC8001 1). The second test (SB-0627) was conducted with one of the silica supported catalysts which was prepared during this quarter: 100 Fe/5 Cu/6 K/139 SiO2 (Davison silica, grade 952). The performance of these two catalysts was inferior in comparison to our catalysts B (100 Fe/5 Cu/6 K/24 SiO2) and C (100 Fe/3 Cu/4 K/16 SiO2). Activity of these two catalysts was lower, catalyst deactivation rate was faster, and gaseous hydrocarbon selectivities were higher in comparison to the baseline catalysts B and C.
Book Synopsis Atomic-Scale Design of Iron Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts; A Combined Computational Chemistry, Experimental, and Microkinetic Modeling Approach by :
Download or read book Atomic-Scale Design of Iron Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts; A Combined Computational Chemistry, Experimental, and Microkinetic Modeling Approach written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work focuses on (1) searching/summarizing published Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) mechanistic and kinetic studies of FTS reactions on iron catalysts; (2) preparation and characterization of unsupported iron catalysts with/without potassium/platinum promoters; (3) measurement of H2 and CO adsorption/dissociation kinetics on iron catalysts using transient methods; (3) analysis of the transient rate data to calculate kinetic parameters of early elementary steps in FTS; (4) construction of a microkinetic model of FTS on iron, and (5) validation of the model from collection of steady-state rate data for FTS on iron catalysts. Three unsupported iron catalysts and three alumina-supported iron catalysts were prepared by non-aqueous-evaporative deposition (NED) or aqueous impregnation (AI) and characterized by chemisorption, BET, temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), extent-of-reduction, XRD, and TEM methods. These catalysts, covering a wide range of dispersions and metal loadings, are well-reduced and relatively thermally stable up to 500-600 C in H2 and thus ideal for kinetic and mechanistic studies. Kinetic parameters for CO adsorption, CO dissociation, and surface carbon hydrogenation on these catalysts were determined from temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) of CO and temperature programmed surface hydrogenation (TPSR), temperature-programmed hydrogenation (TPH), and isothermal, transient hydrogenation (ITH). A microkinetic model was constructed for the early steps in FTS on polycrystalline iron from the kinetic parameters of elementary steps determined experimentally in this work and from literature values. Steady-state rate data were collected in a Berty reactor and used for validation of the microkinetic model. These rate data were fitted to 'smart' Langmuir-Hinshelwood rate expressions derived from a sequence of elementary steps and using a combination of fitted steady-state parameters and parameters specified from the transient measurements. The results provide a platform for further development of microkinetic models of FTS on Fe and a basis for more precise modeling of FTS activity of Fe catalysts. Calculations using periodic, self-consistent Density Functional Theory (DFT) methods were performed on various realistic models of industrial, Fe-based FTS catalysts. Close-packed, most stable Fe(110) facet was analyzed and subsequently carbide formation was found to be facile leading to the choice of the FeC(110) model representing a Fe facet with a sub-surface C atom. The Pt adatom (Fe{sup Pt}(110)) was found to be the most stable model for our studies into Pt promotion and finally the role of steps was elucidated by recourse to the defected Fe(211) facet. Binding Energies(BEs), preferred adsorption sites and geometries for all FTS relevant stable species and intermediates were evaluated on each model catalyst facet. A mechanistic model (comprising of 32 elementary steps involving 19 species) was constructed and each elementary step therein was fully characterized with respect to its thermochemistry and kinetics. Kinetic calculations involved evaluation of the Minimum Energy Pathways (MEPs) and activation energies (barriers) for each step. Vibrational frequencies were evaluated for the preferred adsorption configuration of each species with the aim of evaluating entropy-changes, pre exponential factors and serving as a useful connection with experimental surface science techniques. Comparative analysis among these four facets revealed important trends in their relative behavior and roles in FTS catalysis. Overall the First Principles Calculations afforded us a new insight into FTS catalysis on Fe and modified-Fe catalysts.
Book Synopsis Characterization and Reaction Studies of Silica Supported Platinum and Rhodium Model Catalysts by : Matthew James Lundwall
Download or read book Characterization and Reaction Studies of Silica Supported Platinum and Rhodium Model Catalysts written by Matthew James Lundwall and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The physical and catalytic properties of silica supported platinum or rhodium model catalysts are studied under both ultra high vacuum (UHV) and elevated pressure reaction conditions (>1torr). Platinum or rhodium nanoparticles are vapor deposited onto a SiO2/Mo(112) surface and characterized using various surface analytical methods. CO chemisorption is utilized as a surface probe to estimate the concentration of various sites on the nanoparticles through thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) and infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRAS) along with microscopy techniques to estimate particle size. The results are compared with hard sphere models of face centered cubic metals described as truncated cubo-octahedron. Results demonstrate the excellent agreement between chemisorption and hard sphere models in estimating the concentration of undercoordinated atoms on the nanoparticle surface. Surfaces are then subjected to high pressure reaction conditions to test the efficacy of utilizing the rate of a chemical reaction to obtain structural information about the surface. The surfaces are translated in-situ to a high pressure reaction cell where both structure insensitive and sensitive reactions are performed. Structure insensitive reactions (e.g. CO oxidation) allow a method to calculate the total active area on a per atom basis for silica supported platinum and rhodium model catalysts under reaction conditions. While structure sensitive reactions allow an estimate of the types of reaction sites, such as step sites ([less than or equal to]C7) under reaction conditions (e.g. n-heptane dehydrocyclization). High pressure structure sensitive reactions (e.g. ethylene hydroformylation) are also shown to drastically alter the morphology of the surface by dispersing nanoparticles leading to inhibition of catalytic pathways. Moreover, the relationships between high index single crystals, oxide supported nanoparticles, and high surface area technical catalysts are established. Overall, the results demonstrate the utility of model catalysts in understanding the structure-activity relationships in heterogeneous catalytic reactions and the usefulness of high pressure reactions as an analytical probe of surface morphology.
Book Synopsis Catalytic Material Design by : Ashwin Kane
Download or read book Catalytic Material Design written by Ashwin Kane and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Catalysts play an important role in the chemical industry since they help increase the speed of chemical reactions and reduce waste generation. Catalysts are typically functionalized onto the surface of solid supports such as mesoporous silica materials to ensure easy separation from the product and make the manufacturing process more economically viable. Mesoporous silica materials (pore size > 2 nm) such as SBA-15 and MCM-41 are generally preferred for supporting catalysts because of their thermal stability, robustness, and tunable pore architecture. Whereas such silica supported catalytic materials hold promise, key synthesis-structure-activity relationships remain to be discovered to enable commercial implementation of these laboratory-based catalysts. Such synthesis-structure-activity relationship studies are important to make supported catalysts more industrially viable and better performing than their homogeneous counterparts. The current work focuses on obtaining synthesis-structure-activity relationships by varying design parameters for the mesoporous silica support and catalyst analogue. This is done using two catalytic systems: (i) Knoevenagel condensation catalyzed by tertiary amines functionalized on SBA-15, and (ii) Oxidative dehydrogenation of propane catalyzed by vanadium oxides functionalized on SBA-15. Whereas the SBA-15 support is predominantly mesoporous, it also has secondary micropores (pore size
Book Synopsis Characterization of Silica Supported Iron-cobalt Catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis by : Robert Merrill Stanfield
Download or read book Characterization of Silica Supported Iron-cobalt Catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis written by Robert Merrill Stanfield and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Rational Preparation of Niobia Promoted and Supported Platinum Catalysts by : Yuhui Zha
Download or read book The Rational Preparation of Niobia Promoted and Supported Platinum Catalysts written by Yuhui Zha and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis by : Robert James Colmyer
Download or read book Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis written by Robert James Colmyer and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: The Fischer-Trospch (F-T) synthesis of liquid hydrocarbon fuels from biomass-derived synthesis gas (CO + H2) is a promising way of producing renewable ultra-clean diesel fuel. The Fischer Tropsch process has been used commercially for many decades using coal or natural gas as a feedstock. Recently the focus has switched to renewable resources, such as biomass. Significant effort has been spent developing efficient Fischer-Tropsch catalysts, but very little is known about the effects of nanoparticle oxide supports for Fischer-Tropsch catalysts. In this research project the objectives were to 1) design and build a F-T reactor and 2) use the system to develop new efficient F-T catalysts. A number of different catalysts were prepared, carefully characterized and tested for F-T activity. The initial study involved the effects of support pretreatment and catalyst precursor quality. In addition, ZrO2-promotion was investigated in detail for Co catalysts supported on nanoparticle (n-SiO2) and porous (p-SiO2) silica supports. The results show that the support pretreatment and catalyst precursor have limited effects on the catalytic activities and selectivities. It was also found that ZrO2 addition increases activity and in some cases selectivity with minimal difference between Co/n-SiO2 and Co/p-SiO2.
Book Synopsis Activity and Selectivity Studies on Silica Supported Fischer Tropsch Catalyst by : Kym Brian Arcuri
Download or read book Activity and Selectivity Studies on Silica Supported Fischer Tropsch Catalyst written by Kym Brian Arcuri and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Preparation and Characterization of Silica Nanosprings-supported Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts for Biofuel Production by : Abdulbaset M. Alayat
Download or read book Preparation and Characterization of Silica Nanosprings-supported Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts for Biofuel Production written by Abdulbaset M. Alayat and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation presents findings on the preparation and characterization of silica nanosprings (NS) supported Fe and Co catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch (FT) reactions. Silica NS with a high surface area of 400 m2/g were chosen as a new 1-dimensional nanostructured support for Fe and Co based FT catalysts and divided into three sections. Section 1 involved the preparation and characterization of Co/NS catalysts as well as to examine the effects of two different reduction temperatures on the FT catalytic performance of this Co/NS catalyst. The prepared Co/NS catalysts were characterized before the FT reaction by various analytical techniques such as surface area, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy , energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, temperature programmed reduction (CO and H2), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The activity and selectivity of all catalysts were evaluated in a quartz fixed bed micro-reactor (H2/CO of 2:1, 230-270 °C). The effect of reaction temperature on the catalytic performance of Co/NS catalyst was studied. The results showed that the catalyst reduced at a temperature of 609 °C had higher production rate of C6-C17 hydrocarbons than the catalyst reduced at 409 °C. It also was found that the Co/NS catalyst resulted in more stability compared to with conventional catalysts. Section 2 examined the effect of three preparation techniques (impregnation, precipitation and 2-step sol-gel) and activation conditions (H2, CO or H2+CO) on catalytic performance of these Fe/NS catalysts. It was found that the Fe/NS catalyst prepared by impregnation technique and activated with CO displayed the highest CO conversion (76.6%) and a wide distribution of light hydrocarbon (C6 to C14). Moreover, the XRD and XPS results of Fe/NS catalysts showed three different Fe crystalline phases with different particle sizes. Section 3 examined the addition of Ru, Mo, Co and Cu as promoters on the Fe/NS catalysts. It was found that the promotion of the Fe catalyst supported on NS with Ru, Mo, Co and Cu increased the CO conversion, shifted the FTS product distributions and improved the selectivity towards C6-C16 olefins instead of aromatics in unpromoted Fe/NS catalyst. New types of Co and Fe catalysts were synthetized using silica nanosprings (NS) as a new 1-dimensional nanostructured support, and used in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. By using these catalysts, good activity, selectivity to C6-C16 hydrocarbons (liquid fuels) and catalytic stability have been achieved. Furthermore, the incorporation of promoters, such as Ru, Mo, Co and Cu, into these catalysts can have effect leading to both high conversion and selectivity.
Book Synopsis Morphological, Compositional, and Shape Control of Materials for Catalysis by : Paolo Fornasiero
Download or read book Morphological, Compositional, and Shape Control of Materials for Catalysis written by Paolo Fornasiero and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-05-23 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Morphological, Compositional, and Shape Control of Materials for Catalysis, Volume 177, the latest in the Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis series, documents the fast-growing developments in the synthesis, characterization, and utilization of nanostructures for catalysis. The book provides essential background on using well-defined materials for catalysis and presents exciting new paradigms in the preparation and application of catalytic materials, with an emphasis on how structure determines catalytic properties. In addition, the book uniquely features discussions on the future of the field, with ample space for future directions detailed in each chapter. Presents the latest paradigms in the preparation and application of catalytic materials Provides essential background on using well-defined materials for catalysis Features discussion of future directions at the end of each chapter
Book Synopsis Design and Development of Supported Transition Metal Phosphide Catalysts for Syngas Conversion to Alcohols by : Eduardo Valle (Researcher in chemical engineering)
Download or read book Design and Development of Supported Transition Metal Phosphide Catalysts for Syngas Conversion to Alcohols written by Eduardo Valle (Researcher in chemical engineering) and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In attempts to address the threats of climate change, countries are making efforts to mitigate their emissions of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide (CO2). The transition from economies driven by energy and chemicals derived from fossil fuel feedstocks to cleaner alternative fuels and technologies are met with great challenges. In the field of fuel and chemical production specifically, the transformation of carbon monoxide (CO) and CO2, produced through alternative technologies, to value added chemical products require catalysts that are active, selective, and stable. Current research efforts have focused on heavy characterization of catalysts in attempts of establishing a structure-activity correlation to help design and engineer the catalyst of the future. This thesis will focus on the design and characterization of two supported transition metal phosphide (TMP) catalysts, molybdenum phosphide (MoP) and ruthenium phosphide (RuP), and a bimetallic nickel iron (NiFe) catalyst. The first TMP, MoP, was specifically designed and optimized for the higher alcohol synthesis (HAS) reaction from synthesis gas (syngas) (CO/H2). Higher alcohols are defined as an alcohol group containing two or more carbon atoms., like ethanol. Through a systematic design approach, the optimal amount of potassium (K) promoter, P and Mo was determined and synthesized on three different supports: amorphous silica (SiO2), ordered silica (SBA-15), and mesoporous carbon (C). The different combinations led to contrasting catalytic performance with respect the HAS activity. The second TMP, RuP, was designed and optimized for the methanol synthesis (MS) reaction. Ru catalysts are known as Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) catalysts as they selectively produce hydrocarbons. This study was able to change the intrinsic catalytic nature of Ru through addition of P. Catalytic results showed that the presence of P transformed the Ru FTS catalyst to a MS catalyst. The NiFe catalyst was tested for the ethane dehydrogenation reaction, in which the essential feedstock chemical ethylene is produced. This catalyst was tested for direct ethane dehydrogenation, in which only ethane is fed to the reactor along with H2 to mitigate coking, and oxidative ethane dehydrogenation, where CO2 is fed to promote the reacting and mitigate coking. The catalysts were also synthesized on two different supports, SiO2 and C, to quantify support effects. The overall goal of these studies was to determine the influence that addition of promoters, like K, phosphides, and secondary metals have on catalytic properties and how we might use that to design catalysts with improved activity, selectivity, and stability.
