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Author : Thomas L. Stoffel
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 198 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (24 download)
Download or read book Radiative Properties of Cirrus Clouds in the Infrared written by Thomas L. Stoffel and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Investigation of Infrared Radiative Properties of Cirrus Clouds written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Wenbo Sun
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (456 download)
Download or read book An Investigation of Infrared Radiative Properties of Cirrus Clouds written by Wenbo Sun and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 8 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (17 download)
Download or read book ˜Theœ effects of small ice crystals on the infrared radiative properties of cirrus clouds written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Keith Thomas Griffith
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 102 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (567 download)
Download or read book Infrared Radiative Properties of Tropical Cirrus Clouds Inferred from Broadband Measurements written by Keith Thomas Griffith and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Richard John Bantges
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (593 download)
Download or read book Cirrus Cloud Radiative Properties in the Thermal Infrared written by Richard John Bantges and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : David K. Lynch
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0195130723
Total Pages : 499 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (951 download)
Download or read book Cirrus written by David K. Lynch and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2002 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text, devoted entirely to cirrus clouds, captures the state of knowledge of cirrus clouds and serves as a practical handbook as well.
Author : Robert S. Stone
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 113 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (747 download)
Download or read book Optical Properties of Cirrus Clouds from Satellite Imagery and Radiative Transfer Calculations written by Robert S. Stone and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this study, differences between narrowband near infrared (NIR) and infrared (IR) brightness temperatures are related to cloud optical depth providing a theoretical basis for determining cirrus optical properties from combined satellite images.
Author : Caroline Vanessa Cox
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)
Download or read book A Case Study of Cirrus Cloud Radiative Properties in the Mid and Far Infrared written by Caroline Vanessa Cox and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Michael Mishchenko
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 11 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (452 download)
Download or read book Modeling Single Scattering and Radiative Properties of Cirrus Clouds written by Michael Mishchenko and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The specific objective of this research has been the development and improvement of theoretical models to simulate the effect of nonsphericity on single scattering properties of cirrus cloud particles in the visible and infrared spectral regions. First, we have shown that using a matrix inversion scheme based on a special LU factorization rather than on the standard Gaussian elimination significantly improves the numerical stability of T-matrix computations for nonabsorbing and weakly absorbing nonspherical particles. Second, we use exact T-matrix computations and the Kirchhoff approximation to show that the delta function transmission peak predicted by the GO approximation for hexagonal ice crystals is an artifact of GO completely ignoring physical optics effects and must be convolved with the Fraunhofer pattern, thereby producing a phase function component with an angular profile similar to the standard diffraction component. Third, we have used the improved T-matrix method to compute the linear depolarization ration for polydispersions of randomly oriented ice spheroids, circular cylinders, and Chebyshev particles with sizes typical of young contrails. We have shown that ice crystals with effective radii as small as several tenths of a micron can already produce 3 exceeding 0.5 at visible wavelengths.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 7 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (894 download)
Download or read book Improvements in Modeling the Microphysical and Radiative Properties of Cirrus Clouds Using the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS). Final Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main work activity during this period was the refinement and GCM parameterization of the treatment of ice cloud radiative properties, developed for this project. The treatment has now been rigorously tested and improved, and can now be used with confidence in radiation transfer schemes. The ice Cloud radiation scheme has also proven useful in satellite remote sensing. The radiation scheme differs from others in the thermal infrared, where it is assumed that photon tunneling does not occur for real ice particles (tunneling can be viewed as a process by which photons outside a particle's area-cross section can still be absorbed). Single particle T-matrix and Mie calculations suggest that a particle's ability to capture energy through tunneling depends on surface morphology, with more tunneling the more circular (or less angular) a surface is. This assumption leads to retrievals of mean particle size which are similar to those observed in tropical cirrus by optical imaging probes, whereas retrieved sizes using Mie theory are about 1/3 those predicted by this scheme. The retrieval method requires channels in the 8--9 [mu]m and 11--12 [mu]m ranges. This assumption about tunneling, as well as treating size distributions in the radiation scheme as bimodal, allows retrievals over a broader range of mean particle size than previous schemes permitted, making such size retrievals applicable to most types of cirrus clouds.
Author : Kerry Glynne Meyer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (74 download)
Download or read book The Study of Cirrus Clouds Using Airborne and Satellite Data written by Kerry Glynne Meyer and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cirrus clouds are known to play a key role in the earth's radiation budget, yet are one of the most uncertain components of the earth-atmosphere system. With the development of instruments such as the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) and the Moderate-resolution Infrared Spectroradiometer (MODIS), scientists now have an unprecedented ability to study cirrus clouds. To aid in the understanding of such clouds, a significant study of cirrus radiative properties has been undertaken. This research is composed of three parts: 1) the retrieval of tropical cirrus optical thickness using MODIS level-1b calibrated radiance data, 2) a survey of tropical cirrus cloud cover, including seasonal variations, using MODIS level-3 global daily gridded data, and 3) the simultaneous retrieval of cirrus optical thickness and ice crystal effective diameter using AVIRIS reflectance measurements.
Author : Kuo-Nan Liou
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 83 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Remote Sensing of Cirrus Cloud Compositions from Satellites written by Kuo-Nan Liou and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive description of the discrete-ordinate method for the transfer of infrared radiation in an isothermal cloud layer is presented. Applications of such a method to non-isothermal, inhomogeneous atmospheres containing cirrus clouds are carried out and a listing of the computational code of the infrared radiation program is given in the Appendix of this report. On the basis of this radiation program which allows non-isothermal as well as non-homogeneous structures of clouds, radiative properties of cirrus clouds are investigated in the 10 micrometers window region. Effects of non-isothermal structure of cirrus are shown to be important when its thickness is greater than about 3 km. In addition, we also find that it seems inappropriate to define an 'emissivity' of a non-isothermal cloud. Utilizing the concept of transmissivity derived from radiative transfer analyses, a retrieval technique is developed for the determination of the surface temperature, the cirrus cloud thickness and its transmissivity at a reference wavenumber and the fraction of cirrus cloudiness. Error analyses employing climatological data reveal that independent random errors in temperature and humidity profiles introduce insignificant errors in the four resulting parameters. Based on the retrieval procedures we illustrate that the vertical ice content may be estimated assuming that ice particles are randomly oriented in a horizontal plane. (Author).
Author : Gerard Donald Wittman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 71 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Parameterization of the Solar and Infrared Radiative Properties of Clouds written by Gerard Donald Wittman and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reflection, transmission and absorption of solar radiation by 4 cloud types (low, middle, high and stratus clouds) are computed as functions of the solar zenith angle and cloud liquid water/ice content; and reflection, transmission and emission of infrared radiation by cirrus clouds are calculated as functions of cloud ice content. The plane-parallel radiative transfer program employed is based on the discrete-ordinate method with applications to inhomogeneous atmospheres covering the entire solar and infrared spectrums and taking into account the gaseous absorption in scattering atmospheres. Effects of surface reflectivity on the solar radiative properties of clouds are parameterized in terms of the water vapor absorptivity below the cloud, ground reflection and average cloud reflection. The parameterized empirical-theoretical functions for the solar and infrared radiative properties of clouds are used in a global radiation budget model. The resulting radiation balance of the earth-atmosphere system matched satellite observations of planetary albedo, absorption of solar radiation, and upwelling infrared radiation more closely than did earlier computed models. The planetary albedo was calculated to be 0.31.
Author : Peter Hobbs
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0323140971
Total Pages : 512 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (231 download)
Download or read book Clouds Their Formation, Optical Properties, And Effects written by Peter Hobbs and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clouds: Their Formation, Optical Properties, and Effects deals with the formation of clouds as well as the theoretical and experimental aspects of their microphysical and optical properties. Discussions are grouped under the headings of structure of clouds, interaction of passive radiation with clouds, and interaction of active radiation with clouds. This book is organized into three sections and has 11 chapters. After analyzing the spatial and temporal scales involved in the formation and organization of clouds and precipitation, this text examines the microphysical measurement techniques used in probing the microstructure of clouds. The reader is then methodically introduced to the microstructure of atmospheric clouds and precipitation; the formation and structure of fog; and basic shortwave characteristics of "ideal clouds. The temporal behavior of clouds and their interaction with the radiation field are considered, along with the possible effects of cloud models in general circulation studies. The remaining chapters explore the light scattering properties of ice crystals and the radiative characteristics of ice clouds; the laser measurements in clouds; the transmission and reflectivity of ice clouds by active probing; and the theory of multiple scattering of laser beams in clouds. The book concludes by presenting the measurements of the temporal and spatial spreading of a blue-green pulse through clouds and fogs as a function of optical thickness and receiver field-of-view. This text will be helpful to advanced researchers and program managers in terms of reviewing the state of the art and identifying those areas requiring further research efforts.
Author : Andreas Reichegger
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (141 download)
Download or read book Synergy of Radar, Lidar and Infrared Spectrometry to Retrieve Microphysical and Radiative Properties of Cirrus Clouds written by Andreas Reichegger and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Peter N. Francis
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 490 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (221 download)
Download or read book Infrared Radiative Properties of Clouds written by Peter N. Francis and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
