Rab GTPase-activating Proteins at the Golgi:endosome Interface

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Author :
Publisher : Stanford University
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 166 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Rab GTPase-activating Proteins at the Golgi:endosome Interface by : Ryan Michael Nottingham

Download or read book Rab GTPase-activating Proteins at the Golgi:endosome Interface written by Ryan Michael Nottingham and published by Stanford University. This book was released on 2010 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rab GTPases are master regulators of membrane trafficking in eukaryotic cells. With GTP bound, they regulate trafficking by recruiting effectors to specific membrane-bound compartments. GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) stimulate a Rab's intrinsic rate of GTP hydrolysis, thus inactivating the Rab by converting bound GTP to GDP. Regulation of Rab proteins links the formation and breakdown of sequential, Rab-regulated membrane domains in the secretory and endocytic pathways. This thesis presents the characterization of a novel RabGAP, RUTBC1. RUTBC1 binds Rab9 in vitro and in cells through interactions with its N-terminus. Overexpression of RUTBC1 only slightly disrupts MPR trafficking and RUTBC1 does not function as a GAP for Rab9. In vitro biochemical screening of Rab proteins revealed that RUTBC1 has GAP activity toward Rab33b and Rab32. These data suggest that RUTBC1 might function to link inactivation of these Rabs in relation to a Rab9 microdomain, in support of the existence of a Rab cascade at the interface between the Golgi apparatus and endosomes. Depletion of RUTBC1 unexpectedly led to concomitant depletion of Atg16L1. Atg16L1 has an established and essential role in macroautophagy, a highly conserved cellular recycling process. Overexpression of Atg16L1 caused the formation of large puncta in the cytoplasm, which are also labeled by endogenous RUTBC1 and may represent autophagosomes. Atg16L1 is a known Rab33b effector, suggesting that Rab33b, RUTBC1 and Atg16L1 function together to regulate autophagosome formation. Finally, RUTBC2, which is highly related to RUTBC1, also binds specifically to Rab9. In vitro biochemical screening for RUTBC2's Rab substrates showed that RUTBC2 had highest GAP activity toward Rab34 and Rab36, two very similar Rabs thought to play a role in secretion. The difference in substrate specificity between RUTBC1 and RUTBC2 further exemplifies the highly complex integration of diverse membrane trafficking pathways in mammalian cells.

Rab GTPase-activating Proteins at the Golgi:endosome Interface

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (651 download)

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Book Synopsis Rab GTPase-activating Proteins at the Golgi:endosome Interface by : Ryan Michael Nottingham

Download or read book Rab GTPase-activating Proteins at the Golgi:endosome Interface written by Ryan Michael Nottingham and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rab GTPases are master regulators of membrane trafficking in eukaryotic cells. With GTP bound, they regulate trafficking by recruiting effectors to specific membrane-bound compartments. GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) stimulate a Rab's intrinsic rate of GTP hydrolysis, thus inactivating the Rab by converting bound GTP to GDP. Regulation of Rab proteins links the formation and breakdown of sequential, Rab-regulated membrane domains in the secretory and endocytic pathways. This thesis presents the characterization of a novel RabGAP, RUTBC1. RUTBC1 binds Rab9 in vitro and in cells through interactions with its N-terminus. Overexpression of RUTBC1 only slightly disrupts MPR trafficking and RUTBC1 does not function as a GAP for Rab9. In vitro biochemical screening of Rab proteins revealed that RUTBC1 has GAP activity toward Rab33b and Rab32. These data suggest that RUTBC1 might function to link inactivation of these Rabs in relation to a Rab9 microdomain, in support of the existence of a Rab cascade at the interface between the Golgi apparatus and endosomes. Depletion of RUTBC1 unexpectedly led to concomitant depletion of Atg16L1. Atg16L1 has an established and essential role in macroautophagy, a highly conserved cellular recycling process. Overexpression of Atg16L1 caused the formation of large puncta in the cytoplasm, which are also labeled by endogenous RUTBC1 and may represent autophagosomes. Atg16L1 is a known Rab33b effector, suggesting that Rab33b, RUTBC1 and Atg16L1 function together to regulate autophagosome formation. Finally, RUTBC2, which is highly related to RUTBC1, also binds specifically to Rab9. In vitro biochemical screening for RUTBC2's Rab substrates showed that RUTBC2 had highest GAP activity toward Rab34 and Rab36, two very similar Rabs thought to play a role in secretion. The difference in substrate specificity between RUTBC1 and RUTBC2 further exemplifies the highly complex integration of diverse membrane trafficking pathways in mammalian cells.

Membrane Biogenesis

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642731848
Total Pages : 474 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (427 download)

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Book Synopsis Membrane Biogenesis by : Jos A.F. Op den Kamp

Download or read book Membrane Biogenesis written by Jos A.F. Op den Kamp and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many individual aspects of the dynamics and assembly of biological membranes have been studied in great detail. Cell biological approaches, advanced genetics, biophysics and biochemistry have greatly contributed to an increase in our knowledge in this field.lt is obvious however, that the three major membrane constituents - lipids, proteins and carbohydrates- are studied, in most cases separately and that a coherent overview of the various aspects of membrane biogenesis is not readily available. The NATO Advanced Study Institute on "New Perspectives in the Dynamics of Assembly of Biomembranes" intended to provide such an overview: it was set up to teach students and specialists the achievements obtained in the various research areas and to try and integrate the numerous aspects of membrane assembly into a coherent framework. The articles in here reflect this. Statting with detailed contributions on phospholipid structure, dynamics, organization and biogenesis, an up to date overview of the basic, lipidic backbone of biomembranes is given. Extensive progress is made in the research on membrane protein biosynthesis. In particular the post- and co-translational modification processes of proteins, the mechanisms of protein translocation and the sorting mechanisms which are necessary to direct proteins to their final, intra - or extracellular destination have been characterized in detail. Modern genetic approaches were indispensable in this research area: gene cloning, hybrid protein construction, site directed mutagenesis and sequencing techniques elucidated many functional aspects of specific nucleic acid and amino acid sequences.

Autophagy: Cancer, Other Pathologies, Inflammation, Immunity, Infection, and Aging

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Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128094273
Total Pages : 431 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Autophagy: Cancer, Other Pathologies, Inflammation, Immunity, Infection, and Aging by : M. A. Hayat

Download or read book Autophagy: Cancer, Other Pathologies, Inflammation, Immunity, Infection, and Aging written by M. A. Hayat and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-12-28 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autophagy: Cancer, Other Pathologies, Inflammation, Immunity, Infection, and Aging is an eleven volume series that discusses in detail all aspects of autophagy machinery in the context of health, cancer, and other pathologies. Autophagy maintains homeostasis during starvation or stress conditions by balancing the synthesis of cellular components and their deregulation by autophagy. This series discusses the characterization of autophagosome-enriched vaccines and its efficacy in cancer immunotherapy. Autophagy serves to maintain healthy cells, tissues, and organs, but also promotes cancer survival and growth of established tumors. Impaired or deregulated autophagy can also contribute to disease pathogenesis. Understanding the importance and necessity of the role of autophagy in health and disease is vital for the studies of cancer, aging, neurodegeneration, immunology, and infectious diseases. Comprehensive and forward-thinking, these books offer a valuable guide to cellular processes while also inciting researchers to explore their potentially important connections. - Presents the most advanced information regarding the role of the autophagic system in life and death - Examines whether autophagy acts fundamentally as a cell survivor or cell death pathway or both - Introduces new, more effective therapeutic strategies in the development of targeted drugs and programmed cell death, providing information that will aid in preventing detrimental inflammation - Features recent advancements in the molecular mechanisms underlying a large number of genetic and epigenetic diseases and abnormalities, including atherosclerosis and CNS tumors, and their development and treatment - Includes chapters authored by leaders in the field around the globe—the broadest, most expert coverage available

Fundamentals of Protein Structure and Function

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 331919920X
Total Pages : 521 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (191 download)

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Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Protein Structure and Function by : Engelbert Buxbaum

Download or read book Fundamentals of Protein Structure and Function written by Engelbert Buxbaum and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-11-27 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book serves as an introduction to protein structure and function. Starting with their makeup from simple building blocks, called amino acids, the 3-dimensional structure of proteins is explained. This leads to a discussion how misfolding of proteins causes diseases like cancer, various encephalopathies, or diabetes. Enzymology and modern concepts of enzyme kinetics are then introduced, taking into account the physiological, pharmacological and medical significance of this often neglected topic. This is followed by thorough coverage of hæmoglobin and myoglobin, immunoproteins, motor proteins and movement, cell-cell interactions, molecular chaperones and chaperonins, transport of proteins to various cell compartments and solute transport across biological membranes. Proteins in the laboratory are also covered, including a detailed description of the purification and determination of proteins, as well as their characterisation for size and shape, structure and molecular interactions. The book emphasises the link between protein structure, physiological function and medical significance. This book can be used for graduate and advanced undergraduate classes covering protein structure and function and as an introductory text for researchers in protein biochemistry, molecular and cell biology, chemistry, biophysics, biomedicine and related courses. About the author: Dr. Buxbaum is a biochemist with interest in enzymology and protein science. He has been working on the biochemistry of membrane transport proteins for nearly thirty years and has taught courses in biochemistry and biomedicine at several universities.

Trafficking Inside Cells

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 038793877X
Total Pages : 459 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (879 download)

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Book Synopsis Trafficking Inside Cells by : Nava Segev

Download or read book Trafficking Inside Cells written by Nava Segev and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-05-30 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the past, present and future of the intra-cellular trafficking field, which has made a quantum leap in the last few decades. It details how the field has developed and evolved as well as examines future directions.

Fine Structure Immunocytochemistry

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642770959
Total Pages : 477 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (427 download)

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Book Synopsis Fine Structure Immunocytochemistry by : Gareth Griffiths

Download or read book Fine Structure Immunocytochemistry written by Gareth Griffiths and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 477 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electron microscopy in the biological sciences can be divided into two disciplines. The first, concerned with high resolution detail of particles or periodic structures, is mostly based on sound theoretical principles of physics. The second, by far the larger discipline, is interested in the information obtainable from thin sections. The theoretical back ground to those groups of techniques for preparing and looking at thin sections is often inexact and "loose", for want of a better word. What should be chemistry is often closer to alchemy. This kind of electron microscopy is often enshrined with mystical recipes, handed down from generation to generation. Admittedly, many of the processes involved, such as those required to embed tissue in epoxy resins, involve multiple interconnected steps, which make it difficult to follow the details of anyone of these steps. If all these steps are shrouded in some mystery, however, can one really trust the final image that emerges on the EM screen? When we present the data in some semi quantitative form is there really no better way to do it than to categorize the parameters with ++, +/-, etc? What happens when one labels the sections with antibodies? Does the whole business necess arily need to be more of an "art" than a "science"? Upon reflecting on these problems in 1981, I had the impression that many of the multi-authored textbooks that existed then (and that have appeared since) tended to exacerbate or at least perpetuate this

Chromatin Signaling and Diseases

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Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 012802609X
Total Pages : 468 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Chromatin Signaling and Diseases by : Olivier Binda

Download or read book Chromatin Signaling and Diseases written by Olivier Binda and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-08-06 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chromatin Signaling and Diseases covers the molecular mechanisms that regulate gene expression, which govern everything from embryonic development, growth, and human pathologies associated with aging, such as cancer. This book helps researchers learn about or keep up with the quickly expanding field of chromatin signaling. After reading this book, clinicians will be more capable of explaining the mechanisms of gene expression regulation to their patients to reassure them about new drug developments that target chromatin signaling mechanisms. For example, several epigenetic drugs that act on chromatin signaling factors are in clinical trials or even approved for usage in cancer treatments, Alzheimer's, and Huntington's diseases. Other epigenetic drugs are in development to regulate various class of chromatin signaling factors. To keep up with this changing landscape, clinicians and doctors will need to stay familiar with genetic advances that translate to clinical practice, such as chromatin signaling. Although sequencing of the human genome was completed over a decade ago and its structure investigated for nearly half a century, molecular mechanisms that regulate gene expression remain largely misunderstood. An emerging concept called chromatin signaling proposes that small protein domains recognize chemical modifications on the genome scaffolding histone proteins, facilitating the nucleation of enzymatic complexes at specific loci that then open up or shut down the access to genetic information, thereby regulating gene expression. The addition and removal of chemical modifications on histones, as well as the proteins that specifically recognize these, is reviewed in Chromatin Signaling and Diseases. Finally, the impact of gene expression defects associated with malfunctioning chromatin signaling is also explored. - Explains molecular mechanisms that regulate gene expression, which governs everything from embryonic development, growth, and human pathologies associated with aging - Educates clinicians and researchers about chromatin signaling, a molecular mechanism that is changing our understanding of human pathology - Explores the addition and removal of chemical modifications on histones, the proteins that specifically recognize these, and the impact of gene expression defects associated with malfunctioning chromatin signaling - Helps researchers learn about the quickly expanding field of chromatin signaling

Methods in Yeast Genetics

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780879691974
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (919 download)

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Book Synopsis Methods in Yeast Genetics by : Fred Sherman

Download or read book Methods in Yeast Genetics written by Fred Sherman and published by . This book was released on 1987-04-01 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Methods for Analysis of Golgi Complex Function

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Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0124171834
Total Pages : 499 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (241 download)

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Book Synopsis Methods for Analysis of Golgi Complex Function by :

Download or read book Methods for Analysis of Golgi Complex Function written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-11-26 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new volume of Methods in Cell Biology looks at methods for analyzing of golgi complex function. Chapters cover such topics as in vitro reconstitution systems, fluorescence-based analysis of trafficking in mammalian cells and high content screening. With cutting-edge material, this comprehensive collection is intended to guide researchers for years to come. - Covers sections on model systems and functional studies, imaging-based approaches and emerging studies - Chapters are written by experts in the field - Cutting-edge material

Current Topics in Membranes

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Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0080585108
Total Pages : 477 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Current Topics in Membranes by :

Download or read book Current Topics in Membranes written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1992-01-08 with total page 477 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current Topics in Membranes

Ccn Proteins: A New Family Of Cell Growth And Differentiation Regulators

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Author :
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 1783260335
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (832 download)

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Book Synopsis Ccn Proteins: A New Family Of Cell Growth And Differentiation Regulators by : Masaharu Takigawa

Download or read book Ccn Proteins: A New Family Of Cell Growth And Differentiation Regulators written by Masaharu Takigawa and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2005-06-17 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The CCN Proteins are thought to play key roles in the biology of normal cell, tissue, organ, and body, and altered expression of CCN proteins is associated with several pathologies, including fibrosis and cancer. Because of its importance, the CCN field is expanding at a fast pace. Research articles in this field have recently increased logarithmically, and a book that is up-to-date, comprehensive, authoritative and affords insights into the biological roles of CCN proteins, is timely.CCN Protein: A New Family of Cell Growth and Differentiation Regulators presents the most recent progress in the field of CCN proteins, a new family of secretory signaling molecules that are involved in several fundamental biological progress. These proteins share a unique multimodular organization and present a partial identity with four families of regulatory proteins controling growth and development. The book covers the roles of CCN proteins in the control of cell proliferation and differentiation during normal development, wound repair, chondrogenesis and bone development, angiogenesis, tissue regeneration, fibrosis, renal diseases and cancer development.

Neural Surface Antigens

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Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128011262
Total Pages : 253 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Neural Surface Antigens by : Jan Pruszak

Download or read book Neural Surface Antigens written by Jan Pruszak and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-03-23 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neural Surface Antigens: From Basic Biology towards Biomedical Applications focuses on the functionalrole of surface molecules in neural development, stem cell research, and translational biomedical paradigms.With an emphasis on human and rodent model systems, this reference covers fundamentals of neural stemcell biology and flow cytometric methodology. Addressing cell biologists as well as clinicians working in theneurosciences, the book was conceived by an international panel of experts to cover a vast array of particularsurface antigen families and subtypes. It provides insight into the basic biology and functional mechanisms ofneural cell surface signaling molecules influencing mammalian development, regeneration, and treatments. - Introduces early phase clinical trials of neural stem cells - Outlines characterization of surface molecule expression and methods for isolation which open unprecedented opportunities for functional study, quantitation & diagnostics - Highlights the role of stem cells in neural surface antigen and biomarker analysis and applications

Cellular Migration and Formation of Neuronal Connections

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Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0123973473
Total Pages : 1081 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (239 download)

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Book Synopsis Cellular Migration and Formation of Neuronal Connections by :

Download or read book Cellular Migration and Formation of Neuronal Connections written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-05-06 with total page 1081 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The genetic, molecular, and cellular mechanisms of neural development are essential for understanding evolution and disorders of neural systems. Recent advances in genetic, molecular, and cell biological methods have generated a massive increase in new information, but there is a paucity of comprehensive and up-to-date syntheses, references, and historical perspectives on this important subject. The Comprehensive Developmental Neuroscience series is designed to fill this gap, offering the most thorough coverage of this field on the market today and addressing all aspects of how the nervous system and its components develop. Particular attention is paid to the effects of abnormal development and on new psychiatric/neurological treatments being developed based on our increased understanding of developmental mechanisms. Each volume in the series consists of review style articles that average 15-20pp and feature numerous illustrations and full references. Volume 2 offers 56 high level articles devoted mainly to Formation of Axons and Dendrites, Migration, Synaptogenesis, Developmental Sequences in the Maturation of Intrinsic and Synapse Driven Patterns. - Series offers 144 articles for 2904 full color pages addressing ways in which the nervous system and its components develop - Features leading experts in various subfields as Section Editors and article Authors - All articles peer reviewed by Section Editors to ensure accuracy, thoroughness, and scholarship - Volume 2 sections include coverage of mechanisms which regulate: the formation of axons and dendrites, cell migration, synapse formation and maintenance during development, and neural activity, from cell-intrinsic maturation to early correlated patterns of activity

Targeting Cell Survival Pathways to Enhance Response to Chemotherapy

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Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128137541
Total Pages : 310 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Targeting Cell Survival Pathways to Enhance Response to Chemotherapy by :

Download or read book Targeting Cell Survival Pathways to Enhance Response to Chemotherapy written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-03-28 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Targeting Cell Survival Pathways to Enhance Response to Chemotherapy encompasses recently developed molecular targeting agents and approaches that suppress cell survival signaling. Cell survival signaling attenuates the effectiveness of conventional chemotherapy and numerous mechanisms have been described, and continue to be described, which contribute to cell survival in the face of chemotherapy treatment. Key pathways leading to chemoresistance emanate from growth factor receptors, PI3K, STAT3, anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members, autophagy, and the DNA damage response pathway. New advances have underscored the potential of targeting each of these cell survival mechanisms to improve responsiveness to chemotherapy. This book reviews these recent advances and provides a foundational background and hints of new opportunities for basic, translational, and clinical investigators focused on improving therapeutic responses to chemotherapy. - Presents cutting-edge agents and approaches with proved success in different model systems that can be translated to a different type of cancer - Brings updated information to be used to propose new clinical trials investigating innovative strategies for improving responses to chemotherapy - Provides mechanistic details to help guide the design of laboratory studies associated with clinical trials

Elsevier's Integrated Pathology E-Book

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Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0323082963
Total Pages : 797 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (23 download)

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Book Synopsis Elsevier's Integrated Pathology E-Book by : Thomas King

Download or read book Elsevier's Integrated Pathology E-Book written by Thomas King and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2006-12-04 with total page 797 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Each title in the new Integrated series focuses on the core knowledge in a specific basic science discipline, while linking that information to related concepts from other disciplines. Case-based questions at the end of each chapter enable you to gauge your mastery of the material, and a color-coded format allows you to quickly find the specific guidance you need. These concise and user-friendly references provide crucial guidance for the early years of medical training, as well as for exam preparation. This title includes additional digital media when purchased in print format. For this digital book edition, media content is not included. Includes case-based questions at the end of each chapter Features a colour-coded format to facilitate quick reference and promote effective retention This title includes additional digital media when purchased in print format. For this digital book edition, media content is not included.

Protein Trafficking in Neurons

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Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080465897
Total Pages : 466 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Protein Trafficking in Neurons by : Andrew J. Bean

Download or read book Protein Trafficking in Neurons written by Andrew J. Bean and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-10-27 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The efficient delivery of cellular constituents to their proper location is of fundamental importance for all cells and is of particular interest to neuroscientists, because of the unique functions and complex architecture of neurons. Protein Trafficking in Neurons examines mechanisms of protein trafficking and the role of trafficking in neuronal functioning from development to plasticity to disease. The book is divided into seven sections that review mechanisms of protein transport, the role of protein trafficking in synapse formation, exo- and endocytosis, transport of receptors, trafficking of ion channels and transporters, comparison of trafficking mechanisms in neuronal vs. non-neuronal cell types, and the relationship between trafficking and neuronal diseases such as Alzheimer's, Huntington's and Prion Diseases. - Provides a comprehensive examination of membrane/protein movement in neuronal function - Sections on synapse development, synaptic transmission, and the role of trafficking in neurological disease - Includes a focus on Molecular Mechanisms - Illustrated with color summary pictures - The only book examining protein trafficking and its functional implications, written by leaders in the field