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Quantitative Nitric Oxide Concentration And Temperature Imaging In Flames Over A Wide Pressure Range With Laser Induced Flourescence
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Book Synopsis Quantitative Nitric Oxide Concentration and Temperature Imaging in Flames Over a Wide Pressure Range with Laser-induced Flourescence by : Wolfgang Georg Bessler
Download or read book Quantitative Nitric Oxide Concentration and Temperature Imaging in Flames Over a Wide Pressure Range with Laser-induced Flourescence written by Wolfgang Georg Bessler and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781721936540 Total Pages :216 pages Book Rating :4.9/5 (365 download)
Book Synopsis Quantitative Measurements of Nitric Oxide Concentration in High-Pressure, Swirl-Stabilized Spray Flames by : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Download or read book Quantitative Measurements of Nitric Oxide Concentration in High-Pressure, Swirl-Stabilized Spray Flames written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-06-27 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lean direct-injection (LDI) spray flames offer the possibility of reducing NO(sub x) emissions from gas turbines by rapid mixing of the liquid fuel and air so as to drive the flame structure toward partially-premixed conditions. We consider the technical approaches required to utilize laser-induced fluorescence methods for quantitatively measuring NO concentrations in high-pressure LDI spray flames. In the progression from atmospheric to high-pressure measurements, the LIF method requires a shift from the saturated to the linear regime of fluorescence measurements. As such, we discuss quantitative, spatially resolved laser-saturated fluorescence (LSF), linear laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), and planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) measurements of NO concentration in LDI spray flames. Spatially-resolved LIF measurements of NO concentration (ppm) are reported for preheated, LDI spray flames at pressures of two to five atmospheres. The spray is produced by a hollow-cone, pressure-atomized nozzle supplied with liquid heptane. NO is excited via the Q(sub 2)(26.5) transition of the gamma(0,0) band. Detection is performed in a two nanometer region centered on the gamma(0,1) band. A complete scheme is developed by which quantitative NO concentrations in high-pressure LDI spray flames can be measured by applying linear LIF. NO is doped into the reactants and convected through the flame with no apparent destruction, thus allowing a NO fluorescence calibration to be taken inside the flame environment. The in-situ calibration scheme is validated by comparisons to a reference flame. Quantitative NO profiles are presented and analyzed so as to better understand the operation of lean-direct injectors for gas turbine combustors. Moreover, parametric studies are provided for variations in pressure, air-preheat temperature, and equivalence ratio. Similar parametric studies are performed for lean, premixed-prevaporized flames to permit comparisons to those for LDI flames. Finall
Book Synopsis Quantitative Measurements of Nitric Oxide Concentration in High-Pressure, Swirl-Stabilized Spray Flames by :
Download or read book Quantitative Measurements of Nitric Oxide Concentration in High-Pressure, Swirl-Stabilized Spray Flames written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, 42nd by :
Download or read book AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, 42nd written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 650 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781721932672 Total Pages :286 pages Book Rating :4.9/5 (326 download)
Book Synopsis Measurements and Modeling of Nitric Oxide Formation in Counterflow, Premixed Ch4/O2/N2 Flames by : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Download or read book Measurements and Modeling of Nitric Oxide Formation in Counterflow, Premixed Ch4/O2/N2 Flames written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-06-27 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) measurements of NO concentration in a variety of CH4/O2/N2 flames are used to evaluate the chemical kinetics of NO formation. The analysis begins with previous measurements in flat, laminar, premixed CH4/O2/N2 flames stabilized on a water-cooled McKenna burner at pressures ranging from 1 to 14.6 atm, equivalence ratios from 0.5 to 1.6, and volumetric nitrogen/oxygen dilution ratios of 2.2, 3.1 and 3.76. These measured results are compared to predictions to determine the capabilities and limitations of the comprehensive kinetic mechanism developed by the Gas Research Institute (GRI), version 2.11. The model is shown to predict well the qualitative trends of NO formation in lean-premixed flames, while quantitatively underpredicting NO concentration by 30-50%. For rich flames, the model is unable to even qualitatively match the experimental results. These flames were found to be limited by low temperatures and an inability to separate the flame from the burner surface. In response to these limitations, a counterflow burner was designed for use in opposed premixed flame studies. A new LIF calibration technique was developed and applied to obtain quantitative measurements of NO concentration in laminar, counterflow premixed, CH4/O2/N2 flames at pressures ranging from 1 to 5.1 atm, equivalence ratios of 0.6 to 1.5, and an N2/O2 dilution ratio of 3.76. The counterflow premixed flame measurements are combined with measurements in burner-stabilized premixed flames and counterflow diffusion flames to build a comprehensive database for analysis of the GRI kinetic mechanism. Pathways, quantitative reaction path and sensitivity analyses are applied to the GRI mechanism for these flame conditions. The prompt NO mechanism is found to severely underpredict the amount of NO formed in rich premixed and nitrogen-diluted diffusion flames. This underprediction is traced to uncertainties in the CH kinetics as well as in the nitrogen oxidation chemistry. S
Book Synopsis Measurements and Modeling of Nitric Oxide Formation in Counterflow, Premixed CH4/O2/N2 Flames by :
Download or read book Measurements and Modeling of Nitric Oxide Formation in Counterflow, Premixed CH4/O2/N2 Flames written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Applied Mechanics Reviews written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 1072 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Detailed Modeling and Laser-induced Fluorescence Imaging of Nitric Oxide in a NH(i)-seeded Non-premixed Methane by :
Download or read book Detailed Modeling and Laser-induced Fluorescence Imaging of Nitric Oxide in a NH(i)-seeded Non-premixed Methane written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper we study the formation of NO in laminar, nitrogen diluted methane diffusion flames that are seeded with ammonia in the fuel stream. We have performed numerical simulations with detailed chemistry as well as laser-induced fluorescence imaging measurements for a range of ammonia injection rates. For comparison with the experimental data, synthetic LIF images are calculated based on the numerical data accounting for temperature and fluorescence quenching effects. We demonstrate good agreement between measurements and computations. The LIF corrections inferred from the simulation are then used to calculate absolute NO mole fractions from the measured signal. The NO formation in both doped and undoped flames occurs in the flame sheet. In the undoped flame, four different mechanisms including thermal and prompt NO appear to contribute to NO formation. As the NH3 seeding level increases, fuel-NO becomes the dominant mechanism and N2 shifts from being a net reactant to being a net product. Nitric oxide in the undoped flame as well as in the core region of the doped flames are underpredicted by the model; we attribute this mainly to inaccuracies in the NO recycling chemistry on the fuel-rich side of the flame sheet.
Book Synopsis Turbulent Premixed Flames by : Nedunchezhian Swaminathan
Download or read book Turbulent Premixed Flames written by Nedunchezhian Swaminathan and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-04-25 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A work on turbulent premixed combustion is important because of increased concern about the environmental impact of combustion and the search for new combustion concepts and technologies. An improved understanding of lean fuel turbulent premixed flames must play a central role in the fundamental science of these new concepts. Lean premixed flames have the potential to offer ultra-low emission levels, but they are notoriously susceptible to combustion oscillations. Thus, sophisticated control measures are inevitably required. The editors' intent is to set out the modeling aspects in the field of turbulent premixed combustion. Good progress has been made on this topic, and this cohesive volume contains contributions from international experts on various subtopics of the lean premixed flame problem.
Book Synopsis Optical Measurements of Atomic Oxygen Concentration, Temperature and Nitric Oxide Production Rate in Flames by : Franklin Henry Myhr
Download or read book Optical Measurements of Atomic Oxygen Concentration, Temperature and Nitric Oxide Production Rate in Flames written by Franklin Henry Myhr and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Radical Concentration and Temperature Measurements in Sooting Flames by Cavity Ring-down Spectroscopy and Laser-induced Fluorescence by : Yuxuan Hu
Download or read book Radical Concentration and Temperature Measurements in Sooting Flames by Cavity Ring-down Spectroscopy and Laser-induced Fluorescence written by Yuxuan Hu and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sooting laminar flames at atmospheric pressure present a very complex chemical environment with numerous sources of interference for optical measurement techniques. Absolute concentration profiles of 1CH2 and HCO have been measured under a range of flame conditions in a sooting laminar premixed C2H4-air flat-flame by Cavity-Ring Down Spectroscopy performed at wavelengths in the range 615 to 625 nm. Also, concentration profiles of the OH radical have been detected via the band of A2 ∑(v' = 0) ← X2 ∏(v'' = 0) system by Laser-Induced Fluorescence and quantitatively calibrated by Cavity-Ring Down Spectroscopy. In situ measurements of these radicals in sooting flames have hitherto been lacking and are essential for validation of chemical kinetic models of aromatic hydrocarbon and soot formation in flames. The experimental results are compared to simulated concentration profiles generated using the Appel-Bockhorn-Frenklach mechanism. Temperature profiles obtained using OH LIF thermometry are used in interpreting the CRDS data and as input for flame simulation. Additionally, weak broadband absorption is observed by CRDS in the region between the reaction zone and the onset of soot formation; this may be attributable to low concentrations of large aromatic species.
Book Synopsis Instantaneous Two-line PLIF Temperature Imaging of Nitric Oxide in Supersonic Mixing and Combustion Flowfields by : Brian Keith McMillin
Download or read book Instantaneous Two-line PLIF Temperature Imaging of Nitric Oxide in Supersonic Mixing and Combustion Flowfields written by Brian Keith McMillin and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Experimental Assessment and Enhancement of Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence Measurements of Nitric Oxide in an Inverse Diffusion Flame by :
Download or read book Experimental Assessment and Enhancement of Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence Measurements of Nitric Oxide in an Inverse Diffusion Flame written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nitric Oxide Concentration and Fluorescence Lifetime in Non-premixed Atmospheric Pressure Flames by : James Joshua Driscoll
Download or read book Nitric Oxide Concentration and Fluorescence Lifetime in Non-premixed Atmospheric Pressure Flames written by James Joshua Driscoll and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Quantitative Temperature & Formaldehyde Concentration Imaging for High-pressure Turbulent Fuel Jet Ignition by : Joshua Michael Herzog
Download or read book Quantitative Temperature & Formaldehyde Concentration Imaging for High-pressure Turbulent Fuel Jet Ignition written by Joshua Michael Herzog and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the process of turbulent fuel jet ignition in engines is critical to improve engine designs. Unfortunately, there is much we do not understand about the ignition process, and current diagnostic methods are insufficient to improve our understanding of the coupling between temperature, velocity, and chemistry in high-pressure turbulent jet ignition. Here, a diagnostic approach is designed that can simultaneously measure temperature, velocity, and formaldehyde concentration in a turbulent fuel jet during low-temperature ignition in an optically-accessible engine. Particle image velocimetry (PIV), aerosol phosphor thermometry (APT), and formaldehyde planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) are used in combination. A detailed characterization of formaldehyde photophysics is performed using spectral simulations and experimental data. Several thermographic phosphors are characterized in detail (including physical and luminescence properties), models are developed for phosphor signal intensity and APT performance, and a method is outlined and demonstrated to combine simultaneous APT techniques to increase the temperature measurement range. The APT methods are applied to atmospheric pressure heated jets to validate the performance estimates, and identify issues in their application. A thorough analysis of design considerations for particle-based techniques is also provided, and performance estimates are made for the combined diagnostic. It was found that the Ce:LuAG phosphor with 355-nm excitation can be most easily integrated with PIV and formaldehyde PLIF measurements, and has good performance characteristics over the 700-1000 K temperature range of interest, with ~20 K estimated precision on average. Multiple scattering was found to impose a significant limitation on particle seeding density. Several phosphor materials and techniques were also found to be viable for temperature imaging well above 1000 K (Ce:GdPO4, Eu:BAM, and Ce:CSSO). Performance predictions for formaldehyde suggest that detection limits are on the order of 100 ppm throughout much of the temperature and pressure range expected during ignition, and a ratiometric background correction approach was discussed to avoid interference from phosphor luminescence, or other broadband background sources. PIV is readily integrated into the APT measurement. The proposed approach is capable of simultaneous temperature, velocity, and formaldehyde concentration imaging of low-temperature ignition processes, and provides a significant step towards improving our understanding of high-pressure turbulent jet ignition.
Book Synopsis 30th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference by :
Download or read book 30th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 638 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Planar Laser-induced Fluorescence of Nitric Oxide in Isomeric Butanol and Butane Stagnation Flames by : Gregory Chung
Download or read book Planar Laser-induced Fluorescence of Nitric Oxide in Isomeric Butanol and Butane Stagnation Flames written by Gregory Chung and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The significant efforts to reduce global fossil fuel dependence have led to the development of biofuels as an alternative. Despite their growing significance, alcohol biofuels still require fundamental study, particularly in the area of NOx emissions. Planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) was used to obtain nitric oxide (NO) production profiles from stagnation flames of premixed n- and iso-butanol; n- and iso-butane flames were also measured to offer context with alkane fuels. PLIF measurements were corrected for laser sheet variations and non-radiative quenching by signalpost-processing and quantified with a NO-seeding calibration method. Particle-image velocimetry (PIV) was performed to characterize the centreline velocity of the experimental flow which was then used for chemical kinetic simulations of the experiment. Simulations were performed for n-butanol and n-butane flames with a combined NOxsubmechanism. Experimentally, butanol fuels were found to ...
