Proof Of An External World

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Knowledge of the External World

Author : Bruce Aune
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134946236
Total Pages : 255 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (349 download)

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Book Synopsis Knowledge of the External World by : Bruce Aune

Download or read book Knowledge of the External World written by Bruce Aune and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2006-07-13 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many philosophers believe that the traditional problem of our knowledge of the external world was dissolved by Wittgestein and others. They argue that it was not really a problem - just a linguistic `confusion' that did not actually require a solution. Bruce Aune argues that they are wrong. He casts doubt on the generally accepted reasons for putting the problem aside and proposes an entirely new approach. By considering the history of the problem from Descartes to Kant, Aune shows that analogous arguments create difficulties for the contemporary philosophical consensus. He makes it clear that the problem remains acute, particualarly for our understanding of scientific evidence. The solution he proposes draws upon contemporary philosophy of science and probability theory.

Moore and Wittgenstein

Author : A. Coliva
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 023028969X
Total Pages : 263 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (32 download)

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Book Synopsis Moore and Wittgenstein by : A. Coliva

Download or read book Moore and Wittgenstein written by A. Coliva and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-09-17 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Does scepticism threaten our common sense picture of the world? Does it really undermine our deep-rooted certainties? Answers to these questions are offered through a comparative study of the epistemological work of two key figures in the history of analytic philosophy, G. E. Moore and Ludwig Wittgenstein.

Projection and Realism in Hume's Philosophy

Author : P. J. E. Kail
Publisher : Clarendon Press
ISBN 13 : 0191614599
Total Pages : 302 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (916 download)

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Book Synopsis Projection and Realism in Hume's Philosophy by : P. J. E. Kail

Download or read book Projection and Realism in Hume's Philosophy written by P. J. E. Kail and published by Clarendon Press. This book was released on 2010-04-22 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In his writings, Hume talks of our 'gilding and staining' natural objects, and of the mind's propensity to 'spread itself' on the world. This has led commentators to use the metaphor of 'projection' in connection with his philosophy: Hume is held to have taught that causal power and self are projections, that God is a projection of our fear, and that value is a projection of sentiment. By considering what it is about Hume's writing that occasions this metaphor, P. J. E. Kail spells out its meaning, the role it plays in Hume's work, and examines how, if at all, what sounds 'projective' in Hume can be reconciled with what sounds 'realist'. In addition to offering some highly original readings of Hume's central ideas, Projection and Realism in Hume's Philosophy offers a detailed examination of the notion of projection and the problems it faces.

Mind, Meaning, and Knowledge

Author : Annalisa Coliva
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0199278059
Total Pages : 503 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (992 download)

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Book Synopsis Mind, Meaning, and Knowledge by : Annalisa Coliva

Download or read book Mind, Meaning, and Knowledge written by Annalisa Coliva and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2012-09-27 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is a collective exploration of major themes in the work of Crispin Wright, one of today's leading philosophers. The distinguished contributors address a variety of issues, including truth, realism, anti-realism, relativism, and scepticism, and testify to Wright's seminal work on language, mind, metaphysics, and epistemology.

Philosophical Papers

Author : George Edward Moore
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317832256
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (178 download)

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Book Synopsis Philosophical Papers by : George Edward Moore

Download or read book Philosophical Papers written by George Edward Moore and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-06-03 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is Volume XVII of twenty-two in a series on 20th Century Philosophy. Originally published in 1959, it is a contribution to the History of Modern Philosophy under the heads: first of different Schools of Thought-Sensationalist, Realist, Idealist, Intuitivist; secondly of different Subjects-Psychology, Ethics, Aesthetics, Political Philosophy, Theology. This is a collection of papers by George Edward Moore, Emeritus Professor of Philosophy and Fellow of Trinity College in the University of Cambridge.

G.E. Moore

Author : G.E. Moore
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134681739
Total Pages : 186 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (346 download)

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Book Synopsis G.E. Moore by : G.E. Moore

Download or read book G.E. Moore written by G.E. Moore and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-05-13 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: G.E. Moore, more than either Bertrand Russell or Ludwig Wittgenstein, was chiefly responsible for the rise of the analytic method in twentieth-century philosophy. This selection of his writings shows Moore at his very best. The classic essays are crucial to major philosophical debates that still resonate today. Amongst those included are: * A Defense of Common Sense * Certainty * Sense-Data * External and Internal Relations * Hume's Theory Explained * Is Existence a Predicate? * Proof of an External World In addition, this collection also contains the key early papers in which Moore signals his break with idealism, and three important previously unpublished papers from his later work which illustrate his relationship with Wittgenstein.

The Illusion of Doubt

Author : Genia Schönbaumsfeld
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198783949
Total Pages : 178 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis The Illusion of Doubt by : Genia Schönbaumsfeld

Download or read book The Illusion of Doubt written by Genia Schönbaumsfeld and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Illusion of Doubt confronts one of the most important questions in philosophy: what can we know? The radical sceptic's answer is 'not very much' if we cannot prove that we are not subject to (permanent) deception. This book shows that the radical sceptical problem is an illusion created by a mistaken picture of our evidential situation.

On Certainty

Author : Ludwig Wittgenstein
Publisher : Wiley-Blackwell
ISBN 13 : 9780631120001
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis On Certainty by : Ludwig Wittgenstein

Download or read book On Certainty written by Ludwig Wittgenstein and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 1969-01 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The volume is full of thought-provoking insight which will prove a stimulus both to further study and to scholarly disagreement.

Our Knowledge of the External World as a Field for Scientific Method in Philosophy

Author : Bertrand Russell
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Our Knowledge of the External World as a Field for Scientific Method in Philosophy by : Bertrand Russell

Download or read book Our Knowledge of the External World as a Field for Scientific Method in Philosophy written by Bertrand Russell and published by . This book was released on 1915 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Skepticism and the Veil of Perception

Author : Michael Huemer
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 9780742512535
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (125 download)

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Book Synopsis Skepticism and the Veil of Perception by : Michael Huemer

Download or read book Skepticism and the Veil of Perception written by Michael Huemer and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2001 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In opposition to both skeptics and representationalists, Huemer (philosophy, U. of Colorado, Boulder) presents a theory of perceptual awareness, according to which perception gives us direct awareness of real objects and non-inferential knowledge of the properties of these objects. He responds to the major arguments for skepticism, including the infinite regress argument, the problem of the criterion, the brain in the vat, and the impossibility of verification. c. Book News Inc.

What Do Philosophers Do?

Author : Penelope Maddy
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190618698
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis What Do Philosophers Do? by : Penelope Maddy

Download or read book What Do Philosophers Do? written by Penelope Maddy and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do you know the world around you isn't just an elaborate dream, or the creation of an evil neuroscientist? If all you have to go on are various lights, sounds, smells, tastes and tickles, how can you know what the world is really like, or even whether there is a world beyond your own mind? Questions like these -- familiar from science fiction and dorm room debates -- lie at the core of venerable philosophical arguments for radical skepticism: the stark contention that we in fact know nothing at all about the world, that we have no more reason to believe any claim -- that there are trees, that we have hands -- than we have to disbelieve it. Like non-philosophers in their sober moments, philosophers, too, find this skeptical conclusion preposterous, but they're faced with those famous arguments: the Dream Argument, the Argument from Illusion, the Infinite Regress of Justification, the more recent Closure Argument. If these can't be met, they raise a serious challenge not just to philosophers, but to anyone responsible enough to expect her beliefs to square with her evidence. What Do Philosophers Do? takes up the skeptical arguments from this everyday point of view, and ultimately concludes that they don't undermine our ordinary beliefs or our ordinary ways of finding out about the world. In the process, Maddy examines and evaluates a range of philosophical methods -- common sense, scientific naturalism, ordinary language, conceptual analysis, therapeutic approaches -- as employed by such philosophers as Thomas Reid, G. E. Moore, Ludwig Wittgenstein, and J. L. Austin. The result is a revealing portrait of what philosophers do, and perhaps a quiet suggestion for what they should do, for what they do best.

Philosophy for AS and A Level

Author : Michael Lacewing
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351696130
Total Pages : 497 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (516 download)

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Book Synopsis Philosophy for AS and A Level by : Michael Lacewing

Download or read book Philosophy for AS and A Level written by Michael Lacewing and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-14 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Philosophy for AS and A Level is an accessible textbook for the new 2017 AQA Philosophy syllabus. Structured closely around the AQA specification this textbook covers the two units shared by the AS and A Level, Epistemology and Moral Philosophy, in an engaging and student-friendly way. With chapters on 'How to do philosophy', exam preparation providing students with the philosophical skills they need to succeed, and an extensive glossary to support understanding, this book is ideal for students studying philosophy. Each chapter includes: argument maps that help to develop student’s analytical and critical skills comprehension questions to test understanding discussion questions to generate evaluative argument explanation and commentary on the AQA set texts ‘Thinking harder’ sections cross-references to help students make connections bullet-point summaries of each topic. The companion website hosts a wealth of further resources, including PowerPoint slides, flashcards, further reading, weblinks and handouts, all structured to accompany the textbook. It can be found at www.routledge.com/cw/alevelphilosophy.

Epistemology

Author : Ernest Sosa
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1405169672
Total Pages : 946 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (51 download)

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Book Synopsis Epistemology by : Ernest Sosa

Download or read book Epistemology written by Ernest Sosa and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-02-11 with total page 946 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New and thoroughly updated, Epistemology: An Anthology continues to represent the most comprehensive and authoritative collection of canonical readings in the theory of knowledge. Concentrates on the central topics of the field, such as skepticism and the Pyrrhonian problematic, the definition of knowledge, and the structure of epistemic justification Offers coverage of more specific topics, such as foundationalism vs coherentism, and virtue epistemology Presents wholly new sections on 'Testimony, Memory, and Perception' and 'The Value of Knowledge' Features modified sections on 'The Structure of Knowledge and Justification', 'The Non-Epistemic in Epistemology', and 'The Nature of the Epistemic' Includes many of the most important contributions made in recent decades by several outstanding authors

Philosophers Explore The Matrix

Author : Christopher Grau
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780195181067
Total Pages : 366 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (81 download)

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Book Synopsis Philosophers Explore The Matrix by : Christopher Grau

Download or read book Philosophers Explore The Matrix written by Christopher Grau and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Matrix trilogy is unique among recent popular films in that it is constructed around important philosophical questions--classic questions which have fascinated philosophers and other thinkers for thousands of years. Editor Christopher Grau here presents a collection of new, intriguing essays about some of the powerful and ancient questions broached by The Matrix and its sequels, written by some of the most prominent and reputable philosophers working today. They provide intelligent, accessible, and thought-provoking examinations of the philosophical issues that support the films. Philosophers Explore The Matrix includes an introduction that surveys the use of philosophical ideas in the film. Topics that the contributors tackle include: how a collaborative dream could differ from hallucination, the difference between the Matrix and the "real" world; why living in the Matrix would be considered "bad"; the similarities between the Matrix and Plato's Cave; the moral status of artificially created beings, whether one can behave immorally in illusory circumstances, and the true nature of free will and responsibility. This volume also includes an appendix of classic philosophical writing on these issues by Plato, Berkeley, Descartes, Putnam, and Nozick. Philosophers Explore The Matrix will fascinate any fan of the films who wants to delve deeper into their themes, as well as any student of philosophy who desires an accessible entry into this challenging and profoundly vital world of ideas.

Grand Theories and Everyday Beliefs

Author : Wallace Matson
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199912505
Total Pages : 238 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (999 download)

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Book Synopsis Grand Theories and Everyday Beliefs by : Wallace Matson

Download or read book Grand Theories and Everyday Beliefs written by Wallace Matson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011-11-28 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unconventional book by a distinguished historian of philosophy tells the story of how humans became rational beings.

Knowledge

Author : Jennifer Nagel
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 019966126X
Total Pages : 153 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (996 download)

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Book Synopsis Knowledge by : Jennifer Nagel

Download or read book Knowledge written by Jennifer Nagel and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2014 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is knowledge? Is it the same as opinion or truth? Do you need to be able to justify a claim in order to count as knowing it? How can we know that the outer world is real and not a dream? Questions like these have existed since ancient times, and the branch of philosophy dedicated to answering them - epistemology - has been active for thousands of years. In this thought-provoking Very Short Introduction, Jennifer Nagel considers the central problems and paradoxes in the theory of knowledge and draws attention to the ways in which philosophers and theorists have responded to them. By exploring the relationship between knowledge and truth, and considering the problem of scepticism, Nagel introduces a series of influential historical and contemporary theories of knowledge, incorporating methods from logic, linguistics, and psychology, using a number of everyday examples to demonstrate the key issues and debates. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.

The Last Word

Author : Thomas Nagel
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199882118
Total Pages : 164 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (998 download)

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Book Synopsis The Last Word by : Thomas Nagel

Download or read book The Last Word written by Thomas Nagel and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2001-11-01 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If there is such a thing as reason, it has to be universal. Reason must reflect objective principles whose validity is independent of our point of view--principles that anyone with enough intelligence ought to be able to recognize as correct. But this generality of reason is what relativists and subjectivists deny in ever-increasing numbers. And such subjectivism is not just an inconsequential intellectual flourish or badge of theoretical chic. It is exploited to deflect argument and to belittle the pretensions of the arguments of others. The continuing spread of this relativistic way of thinking threatens to make public discourse increasingly difficult and to exacerbate the deep divisions of our society. In The Last Word, Thomas Nagel, one of the most influential philosophers writing in English, presents a sustained defense of reason against the attacks of subjectivism, delivering systematic rebuttals of relativistic claims with respect to language, logic, science, and ethics. He shows that the last word in disputes about the objective validity of any form of thought must lie in some unqualified thoughts about how things are--thoughts that we cannot regard from outside as mere psychological dispositions.