Prohibiting Plunder

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Prohibiting Plunder

Author : Wayne Sandholtz
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199725470
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (997 download)

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Book Synopsis Prohibiting Plunder by : Wayne Sandholtz

Download or read book Prohibiting Plunder written by Wayne Sandholtz and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2007-12-31 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For much of history, the rules of war decreed that "to the victor go the spoils." The winners in warfare routinely seized for themselves the artistic and cultural treasures of the defeated; plunder constituted a marker of triumph. By the twentieth century, international norms declared the opposite, that cultural monuments should be shielded from destruction or seizure. Prohibiting Plunder traces and explains the emergence of international rules against wartime looting of cultural treasures, and explores how anti-plunder norms have developed over the past 200 years. The book covers highly topical events including the looting of thousands of antiquities from the Iraqi National Museum in Baghdad, and the return of "Holocaust Art" by prominent museums, including the highly publicized return of five Klimt paintings from the Austrian Gallery to a Holocaust survivor. The historical narrative includes first-hand reports, official documents, and archival records. Equally important, the book uncovers the debates and negotiations that produced increasingly clear and well-defined anti-plunder norms. The historical accounts in Prohibiting Plunder serve as confirming examples of an important dynamic of international norm change. Rules evolve in cycles; in each cycle, specific actions trigger arguments about the meaning and application of rules, and those arguments in turn modify the rules. International norms evolve through a succession of such cycles, each one drawing on previous developments and each one reshaping the normative context for subsequent actions and disputes. Prohibiting Plunder shows how historical episodes interlinked to produce modern, treaty-based rules against wartime plunder of cultural treasures.

Governing Guns, Preventing Plunder

Author : Asif Efrat
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199996180
Total Pages : 378 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (999 download)

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Book Synopsis Governing Guns, Preventing Plunder by : Asif Efrat

Download or read book Governing Guns, Preventing Plunder written by Asif Efrat and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-07-19 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From human trafficking to the smuggling of small arms to the looting of antiquities, illicit trade poses significant threats to international order. So why is it so difficult to establish international cooperation against illicit trade? Governing Guns, Preventing Plunder offers a novel, thought-provoking answer to this crucial question. Conventional wisdom holds that criminal groups are the biggest obstacle to efforts to suppress illicit trade. Contrarily, Asif Efrat explains how legitimate actors, such as museums that acquire looted antiquities, seek to hinder these regulatory efforts. Yet such attempts to evade regulation fuel international political conflicts between governments demanding action against illicit trade and others that are reluctant to cooperate. The book offers a framework for understanding the domestic origins of these conflicts and how the distribution of power shapes their outcome. Through this framework, Efrat explains why the interests of governments vary across countries, trades, and time. In a fascinating empirical analysis, he solves a variety of puzzles: Why is the international regulation of small arms much weaker than international drug control? What led the United States and Britain to oppose the efforts against the plunder of antiquities, and why did they ultimately join these efforts? How did American pressure motivate Israel to tackle sex trafficking? Efrat's findings will change the way we think about illicit trade, offering valuable insights to scholars, activists, and policymakers.

Loot

Author : Adam Raz
Publisher : Verso Books
ISBN 13 : 1804295159
Total Pages : 353 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (42 download)

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Book Synopsis Loot by : Adam Raz

Download or read book Loot written by Adam Raz and published by Verso Books. This book was released on 2024-09-24 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exiled in 1948, Palestinians were robbed of their private property when looting became weaponized During the 1948 War, Israeli fighters and residents alike plundered Palestinian homes, shops, businesses, and farms. This bitter truth was then suppressed or forgotten over the coming years. Tens of thousands took part in the pillage of Palestinian property, stealing the belongings of their former neighbours. The implications of this mass looting go far beyond the personality or moral fibre of those who took part. Plundering served a political agenda by helping to empty the country of its Palestinian residents. In this context, it was part of the prevailing policy during the war – one designed to crush the Palestinian economy, destroy villages, and to confiscate and sometimes destroy crops and harvests remaining in the depopulated zones. The participating Jewish public became a stakeholder, motivated to prevent Palestinian residents from returning to the villages and cities they had left. These ordinary people were mobilized in the push for the segregation of Jews and Arabs in the early years of statehood. With painstaking original research into primary sources, Adam Raz has brought to light a tragic moment in the history of a conflict that roils the region and the wider world. As the details of the Nakba are understood and documented, redress for Palestinian grievances comes closer to reality.

The Settlement of International Cultural Heritage Disputes

Author : Alessandro Chechi
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191009083
Total Pages : 385 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Settlement of International Cultural Heritage Disputes by : Alessandro Chechi

Download or read book The Settlement of International Cultural Heritage Disputes written by Alessandro Chechi and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2014-03-13 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past forty years have seen a wide proliferation of disputes under international law concerning cultural heritage. These have included the restitution of stolen art objects or the protection of monuments. Unlike other fields of international law, international cultural heritage law does not have an ad hoc mechanism of dispute settlement. As a result, controversies are to be settled through negotiation or, if it fails, through existing dispute resolution means. This can result in similar cases being settled in different ways, thereby bringing about an incoherent and fragmentary enforcement of the law. This book offers a comprehensive and innovative analysis of the settlement of cultural heritage disputes. This examination is two-fold. First, it assesses the existing legal framework and the available dispute settlement means. Second, it explores the feasibility of two solutions for overcoming the lack of a specialized forum. The first is the establishment of a new international court. The second concerns existing judicial and extra-judicial fora and their interaction through the practice of 'cross-fertilization'. The book focuses on the substance of such interaction, and identifies a number of culturally-sensitive parameters (the 'common rules of adjudication'). It argues that existing judicial and non-judicial fora should adopt a cross-fertilizing perspective to use and disseminate jurisprudence containing these common rules of adjudication. It sets out how such an approach would enhance the effectiveness and coherence of decision-making processes and would be conducive to the development of a lex culturalis. This can be defined as a composite body of rules designed to protect cultural heritage by excluding the mechanical application of the norms established for standard business transactions of ordinary goods.

China, Cultural Heritage, and International Law

Author : Hui Zhong
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351605690
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (516 download)

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Book Synopsis China, Cultural Heritage, and International Law by : Hui Zhong

Download or read book China, Cultural Heritage, and International Law written by Hui Zhong and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-11-27 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China is a country that is rich in antiquities, but it is also a victim of looting that occurred during the period from the First Opium War to the end of the Japanese Occupation (1840–1945) when innumerable cultural objects were lost overseas. The Chinese Government insists on asserting its interest over its wrongfully removed cultural heritage and has sought for the return of lost cultural heritage by all means in accordance with relevant international conventions and Chinese laws. However, securing the return has been, and continues to be, problematic. Little research has been done regarding the question as to whether China has a legal basis for recovery, which is the first legal hurdle that China needs to get over. In addition, China does not have a legal basis for all cultural heritage taken during the period of 1840–1945. Claims for return without a legal basis are usually silenced or, at best, discussed only but very rarely facilitated. This book provides an answer for the return of Chinese cultural heritage. It examines the law contemporaneous to the removal of Chinese cultural heritage and its application. For this lack of a legal basis, this book argues that a new customary international law is emerging, according to which the interests of the states of origin in their wrongfully removed heritage should be prioritised. This proposed customary rule supports the return of wrongfully removed heritage. Once this proposed customary rule is accepted, it will provide a stronger argument not only for China, but also for other states of origin with a similar dilemma, including South Korea, Egypt, Greece, Cambodia, Turkey, Peru, and Italy, to recover their wrongfully removed heritage. While dealing with a large pool of return cases, this book is valuable to museums and art collectors in the event of buying and accepting art objects, and settling recovery disputes with states of origin. It will also be of interest to researchers, academics, policymakers, and students in the fields of cultural heritage law, international law, international trade, and human rights law.

Blood Oil

Author : Leif Wenar
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190262923
Total Pages : 553 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Blood Oil by : Leif Wenar

Download or read book Blood Oil written by Leif Wenar and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 553 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this sweeping book, one of today's leading political philosophers, Leif Wenar, goes behind the headlines in search of the hidden global rule that thwarts democracy and development-and that puts shoppers into business with some of today's most dangerous men.

International Norms and Cycles of Change

Author : Wayne Sandholtz
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0195380088
Total Pages : 427 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (953 download)

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Book Synopsis International Norms and Cycles of Change by : Wayne Sandholtz

Download or read book International Norms and Cycles of Change written by Wayne Sandholtz and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2009 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wayne Sandholtz and Kendall Stiles sketch the primary theoretical perspectives on international norm change, the 'legalisation' and 'transnational activist' approaches, and argue that both are limited by their focus on international rules as outcomes.

Museum Worthy

Author : Elizabeth Campbell
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190051981
Total Pages : 361 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Museum Worthy by : Elizabeth Campbell

Download or read book Museum Worthy written by Elizabeth Campbell and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2024-01-23 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Museum Worthy examines the history behind works of art that were looted in western Europe by the Nazis during the Second World War and never returned to their rightful owners, instead claimed by postwar governments of France, Belgium, and the Netherlands for display in museums, embassies, ministries, and other public buildings.

Protecting Against Plunder

Author : Asif Efrat
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 87 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (668 download)

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Book Synopsis Protecting Against Plunder by : Asif Efrat

Download or read book Protecting Against Plunder written by Asif Efrat and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

State Succession in Cultural Property

Author : Andrzej Jakubowski
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0198738064
Total Pages : 401 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis State Succession in Cultural Property by : Andrzej Jakubowski

Download or read book State Succession in Cultural Property written by Andrzej Jakubowski and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2015 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Through a historical analysis of state dissolution and succession and its impact on cultural heritage from 1815 to present day, this book identifes guiding principles to facilitate the conclusion of agreements on the status of cultural property following the succession of states.

Genocide, War Crimes, and Crimes Against Humanity

Author :
Publisher : Human Rights Watch
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 863 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Genocide, War Crimes, and Crimes Against Humanity by :

Download or read book Genocide, War Crimes, and Crimes Against Humanity written by and published by Human Rights Watch. This book was released on with total page 863 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Parthenon Marbles Dispute

Author : Alexander Herman
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1509967206
Total Pages : 225 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (99 download)

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Book Synopsis The Parthenon Marbles Dispute by : Alexander Herman

Download or read book The Parthenon Marbles Dispute written by Alexander Herman and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2023-09-21 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why are we still arguing over the Parthenon Marbles? This book offers a fresh take on the history of those famous pieces of ancient sculpture removed from the Acropolis in Athens by Lord Elgin's men in the early 19th century. It explains how they became the cause célèbre of the larger debates around cultural heritage and restitution now taking place. The subject is one that is currently embroiling museums, governments, universities and the public at large. Herman provides a balanced, thorough and critical account of the history of the Marbles, while considering the legalities of their initial removal and the ethics of their retention by the British Museum. It incorporates the views of curators, museum directors, lawyers, archaeologists, politicians and others in both London and Athens. It explains why this particular dispute has not been satisfactorily resolved, and suggests new ways of seeking resolution for the Parthenon Marbles and for the many other cultural treasures held in museum collections outside their countries of origin. The book sets out a way forward for this famously intractable dispute, one based on evidence of past practice, legal rules around the transfer of cultural objects and the role of museums in negotiating international exchanges.

Pricing Lives

Author : Ariel Colonomos
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192890565
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (928 download)

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Book Synopsis Pricing Lives by : Ariel Colonomos

Download or read book Pricing Lives written by Ariel Colonomos and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2023-07-31 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses how human lives are equated with the material, and argues that pricing lives lies at the core of the political; in fact, as in Plato or Hobbes, and in the Weberian ethics of responsibility, measurement is considered to be one of its central features. Ariel Colonomos argues that this measure relies primarily on human lives and interests, and that the material equivalence to lives is twofold. The equivalence is a double equation, as we pay for lives and we pay with lives. This double equation constitutes the measurement upon which the political equilibrium of a society depends and is thus a key constitutive part of the political. The book adopts two approaches, both with an interdisciplinary perspective: one explanatory and the other normative. First, it explains the nexus between existential goods and material goods, drawing on a detailed analysis of several case studies from contemporary politics, both domestic and international. Second, it discusses normatively the material valuation of human lives and the human value of material goods. Value attribution and the question of the material equivalent to lives are of relevance not only for political theory and philosophy, but also for sociology, history, international relations, and legal studies.

The God Behind the Marble

Author : Alice Goff
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226827100
Total Pages : 373 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (268 download)

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Book Synopsis The God Behind the Marble by : Alice Goff

Download or read book The God Behind the Marble written by Alice Goff and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2024-01-17 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book tells the story of how Germans struggled to make art an autonomous instrument of social progress in the face of real-world challenges between 1790-1850. For philosophers such as Friedrich Schiller, a work of art was governed by its own laws and soared above trivial constraints; thus, a painting or sculpture could both model and stimulate the moral autonomy of its beholders. This "aesthetic education" (to be conducted in the newish institution of museums) would yield an "aesthetic state," born of the measured reason of its citizens rather than the fractious antagonisms of mobs and tyrants. But highbrows like Schiller failed to consider the tough realities facing art "on the ground." Not only were there no proper museums in the German states for presenting art to the public, the systematic looting of their art collections during the Napoleonic wars had thrown the very ontological status of art into serious question: What was a painted altarpiece supposed to be once it had been torn out of a Church and reinstalled in a secular space? How would a marble statue of a nude Apollo impact modern viewers-especially unmarried young ladies not used to such sights? And how could a stolen object symbolize freedom? As art works fell prey to the very violence they were supposed to transcend, social theorists began to wonder how art could deliver liberation if it could so quickly end up a spoil of war. Among the specimens considered are forty porphyry columns from the tomb of Charlemagne in Aachen; the Quadriga from the Brandenburg Gate in Berlin; the Laocoön group from Rome; a bronze medieval reliquary from Goslar; a Last Judgment from Danzig; and, last, but surely not least, the mummified body of an official from the Rhenish hamlet of Sinzig"--

SELECTIONS FROM THE RECORDS OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PUNJAB AND ITS DEPENDENCIES

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 716 pages
Book Rating : 4.R/5 (5 download)

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Book Synopsis SELECTIONS FROM THE RECORDS OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PUNJAB AND ITS DEPENDENCIES by :

Download or read book SELECTIONS FROM THE RECORDS OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PUNJAB AND ITS DEPENDENCIES written by and published by . This book was released on 1870 with total page 716 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Norm Antipreneurs and the Politics of Resistance to Global Normative Change

Author : Alan Bloomfield
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1317479572
Total Pages : 275 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (174 download)

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Book Synopsis Norm Antipreneurs and the Politics of Resistance to Global Normative Change by : Alan Bloomfield

Download or read book Norm Antipreneurs and the Politics of Resistance to Global Normative Change written by Alan Bloomfield and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2016-10-04 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over recent decades International Relations scholars have investigated norm dynamics processes at some length, with the ‘norm entrepreneur’ concept having become a common reference point in the literature. The focus on norm entrepreneurs has, however, resulted in a bias towards investigating the agents and processes of successful normative change. This book challenges this inherent bias by explicitly focusing on those who resist normative change - norm ‘antipreneurs’. The utility of the norm antipreneur concept is explored through a series of case studies encompassing a range of issue areas and contributed by a mix of well-known and emergent scholars of norm dynamics. In examining the complexity of norm resistance, particular attention is paid to the nature and intent of the actors involved in norm-contestation, the sites and processes of resistance, the strategies and tactics antipreneurs deploy to defend the values and interests they perceive to be threatened by the entrepreneurs, and whether it is the entrepreneurs or the antipreneurs who enjoy greater inherent advantages. This text will therefore be of interest to scholars and students of International Relations, International Law, Political Science, Sociology and History.

How Interpretation Makes International Law

Author : Ingo Venzke
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191631957
Total Pages : 338 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (916 download)

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Book Synopsis How Interpretation Makes International Law by : Ingo Venzke

Download or read book How Interpretation Makes International Law written by Ingo Venzke and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2012-09-06 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Challenging the classic narrative that sovereign states make the law that constrains them, this book argues that treaties and other sources of international law form only the starting point of legal authority. Interpretation can shift the meaning of texts and, in its own way, make law. In the practice of interpretation actors debate the meaning of the written and customary laws, and so contribute to the making of new law. In such cases it is the actor's semantic authority that is key - the capacity for their interpretation to be accepted and become established as new reference points for legal discourse. The book identifies the practice of interpretation as a significant space for international lawmaking, using the key examples of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees and the Appellate Body of the WTO to show how international institutions are able to shape and develop their constituent instruments by adding layers of interpretation, and moving the terms of discourse. The book applies developments in linguistics to the practice of international legal interpretation, building on semantic pragmatism to overcome traditional explanations of lawmaking and to offer a fresh account of how the practice of interpretation makes international law. It discusses the normative implications that arise from viewing interpretation in this light, and the implications that the importance of semantic changes has for understanding the development of international law. The book tests the potential of international law and its doctrine to respond to semantic change, and ultimately ponders how semantic authority can be justified democratically in a normative pluriverse.