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Production Of High Silicon Alloys
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Book Synopsis Production of High Silicon Alloys by : Anders Schei
Download or read book Production of High Silicon Alloys written by Anders Schei and published by Akademika Pub. This book was released on 1997-01-01 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is intended for professionals working with all aspects of high silicon alloy production. It covers the basics of silicon processes regarding thermodynamic and reaction kinetics. Post-furnace processes such as refining and solidification are presented and there are also important contributions covering furnace design, energy use and environmental standards for silicon production.
Book Synopsis Recent Experience in Production of Silicon Alloys by : I.I Barashkin
Download or read book Recent Experience in Production of Silicon Alloys written by I.I Barashkin and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Silicon written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Handbook of Ferroalloys by : Merete Tangstad
Download or read book Handbook of Ferroalloys written by Merete Tangstad and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-05-04 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This chapter examines the theory and technology of the production of silicon and ferrosilicon alloys. An overview of silica raw materials, silica transformations, and carbon reductants for smelting is presented together with an exploration of the thermodynamics of silicon reduction and the formation of silicon carbide. For industrial practice, the results of furnace operation and zones formation are discussed, along with the main parameters required to ensure a smooth furnace operation. Finally, post–tap hole processes (refining and casting) and environmental issues (fumes and dust formation and handling) are described.
Book Synopsis Production of Aluminum-silicon Alloy and Ferrosilicon and Commercial Purity Aluminum by the Direct Reduction Process. Third Interim Technical Report, Phase B, March 1, 1979--May 31, 1979 by :
Download or read book Production of Aluminum-silicon Alloy and Ferrosilicon and Commercial Purity Aluminum by the Direct Reduction Process. Third Interim Technical Report, Phase B, March 1, 1979--May 31, 1979 written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effect of volatile sweep rate on bridge formation and product yield was determined. Higher volatile rates resulted in decreased yields and wider zones of condensation in the shaft. Attempts to charge ores and reduction carbon separately produced very low yields of metallic alloy. Remelt tests of reactor alloy products required temperatures of 1900°C for samples high in Ti. Low Ti-containing alloys melted at 1300°C. Operation of the O2 injected, side entry bench reactor was erratic and inconsistent due to formation of chemical burden bridging. Ferrosilicon alloy products containing 2 to 14% Al were made. Tendency for burden bridging was reduced. Alloy product accumulated at the O2 inlet area due to high heat losses. Cold modeling studies demonstrated that mechanical burden bridging was caused by plugging of the voids with fines generated in the raceway. Proper sizing of coke particles minimized fines formation. An Auger successfully kept chemical bridges from forming. Compressive strength and abrasion resistance were measured on calcined briquettes and extrusions containing ores and coke. Briquettes were much stronger; abrasion for both agglomerates was comparable. Fractional crystallization and remelt experiments were conducted in the bench units to determine the effect of Ti level on the melt properties and the effects of high Fe and high Si on crystallizer products. Higher Si and/or Fe content reduced the recovery of suitable alloy product. The multipurpose high temperature induction furnace was started up. Fabrication of the holding ladle shell and accessory equipment was completed. Tests were continued to determine the effects of system operating variables on purifier efficiency and productivity.
Book Synopsis Low cost silicon array project by : Union Carbide Corporation
Download or read book Low cost silicon array project written by Union Carbide Corporation and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Design of Advanced Aluminum Silicon Alloy Compositions and Processing by : Xiao Li
Download or read book Design of Advanced Aluminum Silicon Alloy Compositions and Processing written by Xiao Li and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Part I discusses the development of an aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy that may combine strength, extrudability, favorable corrosion resistance with low cost and scrap compatibility. The first part of the study determined the effects of small composition, heat treatment and mechanical processing changes on the ambient temperature tensile properties of the alloy. A combination of magnesium and silicon of about 2%, 1% copper, 0.2% chromium and 0.1% vanadium can produce a T6 alloy with significant higher strength, fatigue and corrosion fatigue properties for both ingot and extrusion than those of 6061 but with only a modest increase in cost. The new alloy has been designated as AA6069. The second part of the study determined the T6 properties of 6069 alloy. The tensile test results of cold and hot extrusions of hollow, solid bars, and high pressure cylinders indicate that the T6 properties ranged from 55-70 ksi (380-490 MPa) UTS, 50-65 ksi (345-450 MPa) yield strength, and 10-18% elongation. It also appears that the fracture toughness and general corrosion resistance in saline environment are comparable or better than those of 6061 T6. Part II attempted to evaluate the formation, formability, thermal and mechanical properties of semi-solid A356, A357 and modified aluminum silicon semi-solid alloys. The semi-solid alloy microstructure was produced in this study by purely thermal treatment rather than conventional and expensive electromagnetic or mechanical stirring. Three heat-up stages in semi-solid treatment were evaluated. Stage I is related to the heating of the alloy in the solid state. Stage II is related to the eutectic reaction. Stage III is related to the heating of the semi-solid slurry. Stage II requires the longest time of the three heat-up stages due to the endothermic reaction on heating. An increase of furnace temperature can greatly reduce the time of stage II. The atmosphere (vacuum, air, argon) of the semi-solid treatment does not appear to greatly affect the T6 properties of semi-solid alloys. The microstructure and T6 properties of semi-solid A356 do not appear sensitive to the homogenization treatments before semi-solid treatment. The porosity of semi-solid ingots and pressed parts increases as the cooling rate decreases in unformed and subsequent-to-moderate pressure forming. The T6 properties basically appear sensitive to voids, with a degradation of properties as the void concentration increases. The formability of A357 may be improved as the spheroidal particle size decreases. Hence, formability may improve with decreasing ingot grain size. The mechanism of coarsening of the solid phase at isothermal temperatures is related to Ostwald ripening and/or "merging" of particles. The mechanical properties of die-casting parts show that the method of thermal treatment to produce a spheroidal microstructure is an effective method for industrial production of semi-solid aluminum-silicon alloys.
Book Synopsis Rapidly Solidified Aluminium-high Silicon Alloys by : Faraj D. F. Alshmri
Download or read book Rapidly Solidified Aluminium-high Silicon Alloys written by Faraj D. F. Alshmri and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aluminium silicon alloys are the most used raw material for automotive applications. One of the main limitations on using aluminium high silicon alloys is the formation of coarse brittle phases under conventional solidification conditions. However, rapid solidification processing (RS) is very effective in limiting the coarsening of primary silicon due to high cooling rate. Aluminium high silicon alloys can be processed by different RS methods. However, melt spinning is the most familiar of all RS commercial methods. Rapid solidification is a material production route. It does not give the final shape. Rapidly solidified materials require consolidation after solidification. Moreover, consolidation requires mechanical and/or thermal treatment. These treatments may degrade the microstructure. Also hot extrusion may be used as a final step, which may cause deterioration of the initially useful properties due to hot working. In general, although rapid solidification may suppress the coarsening of Si during solidification, the Si particulates may still coarsen during the subsequent thermo-mechanical treatment due to heat effect during consolidation and extrusion. In the present work characterisation of the material at various stages of production has been carried out and understanding of the metallurgical phenomena involved. Several alloy variants were examined. Coarsening behaviour of the Silicon particles and hardness tests were carried out. Wear properties of the alloys have been studied under dry sliding conditions against a steel ball bearing. Analyses and observation of the wear surfaces and wear mechanisms of these alloys are discussed. Wear of RS materials was compared with piston material A390 made by casting. Degassing and HIPping at 400 °C for 12 hrs prior to HIPping seems to be the optimum the degassing is effective whilst avoiding excessive coarsening of the silicon particles. Alloy number RSP461 (Al 21Si 3.9Cu 1.2Mg 2.4Fe 1.4Ni 0.4Zr) shows excellent wear resistance due to its fine microstructure.
Book Synopsis Production of Aluminum--silicon Alloy and Ferrosilicon and Commercial Purity Aluminum by the Direct Reduction Process. First Interim Technical Report, Phase B, September 1--November 30, 1978 by :
Download or read book Production of Aluminum--silicon Alloy and Ferrosilicon and Commercial Purity Aluminum by the Direct Reduction Process. First Interim Technical Report, Phase B, September 1--November 30, 1978 written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The parameters of charge content, reaction temperatures and residence time were studied in a bench reactor concerning the production of Al--Si and Fe--Si alloys. Results confirmed that minimum final stage reaction temperature is 1950 to 2000°C. Residence time varied with initial charge concentration. Fe2O3 additions to the charge produced a significant increase in metallic yield. A burden preparation procedure was developed for making acceptable agglomerates containing Fe2O3, bauxite, clay and coke. Particle size distribution of starting materials was correlated with agglomerate strength. A new bench scale reactor was designed and built to facilitate semi-continuous operation, using O2 injection to burn coke supporting the burden, resulting in burden movement. In a number of runs bridging of the burden material occurred due to condensation of volatilized sub-oxides in the cooler zones of the reactor. The reactor operated smoothly as an iron blast furnace at 1500°C, demonstrating the validity of the equipment and test procedures. Initial construction of pilot reactor VSR-1 was completed. Bench scale fractional crystallizer runs were continued to determine the impurity effects of Fe up to 6.9% and Ti up to 1.25% on alloy product concentration and yield. High levels of impurities formed intermetallic complexes with Al and reduced product yield.
Book Synopsis Development of a Formable Chromium-free High Silicon Alloy by : Thomas Wiencek
Download or read book Development of a Formable Chromium-free High Silicon Alloy written by Thomas Wiencek and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon Alloy Deposition Processes by : Werner Luft
Download or read book Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon Alloy Deposition Processes written by Werner Luft and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1993-05-24 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This reference reviews common film and plasma diagnostic techniques and the deposition and film properties of various hydrogenated amorphous silicon alloys (a-Si:H).;Drawing heavily from studies on a-Si:H solar cells and offering valuable insights into other semiconductor applications of a-Si:H and related alloys, Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon Alloy Deposition Processes: describes conventional as well as alternative, deposition processes and compares the resulting material properties; systematically categorizes various a-Si:H deposition techniques; details the characteristics of a-Si:H and related alloys with both high and low optical bandgap, including a-SiC:H, a-SiGe:H, and a-SiSn:H; discusses basic designs of glow discharge deposition reactors; evaluates the etching properties of amorphous silicon-based alloys; and examines microcrystalline silicon and silicon carbide.;Providing over 825 literature citations for further study, Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon Alloy Deposition Processes is an incomparable resource for physicists; materials scientists; chemical, process and production engineers; electrical engineers and technicians in the semiconductor industry; and upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in these disciplines.
Book Synopsis Production of Aluminum-silicon Alloy and Ferrosilicon and Commercial Purity Aluminum by the Direct Reduction Process. First Interim Technical Report, Phase D, January 1-March 31, 1981 by :
Download or read book Production of Aluminum-silicon Alloy and Ferrosilicon and Commercial Purity Aluminum by the Direct Reduction Process. First Interim Technical Report, Phase D, January 1-March 31, 1981 written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Operation of the bench AF-reactor on burden with all reducing carbon exterior to the ore pellet resulted in low metal alloy product yields and prematurely terminated runs, indicating the need for intimate contact between alumina and carbon to produce oxycarbide liquid prior to reaction with solid silicon carbide. Carbon solubility tests made on 60Al-40Si alloys at 2200°C in graphite crucibles indicated continued reaction to form SiC for one hour. Efficiency of reduction to SiC ranged from 68 to 100%. The A-C two-electrode submerged arc reactor pilot, SAR-II, was successfully operated on both alumina-clay-coke and alumina-silicon carbide-coke (from the VSR prereduction) burdens. Metal alloy was produced and tapped in each of four runs. The pilot crystallizer was operated to evalute the two-stage (stop and go) crystallization technique on obtaining high yields of Al in Al-Si eutectic, with a limit of 1.0% Fe and 0.1% Ti in the alloy product. 18 figures, 19 tables. (DLC).
Book Synopsis Production of Aluminum-silicon Alloy and Ferrosilicon and Commercial Purity Aluminum by the Direct Reduction Process. Third Interim Technical (quarterly) Report for the Period March 1, 1978--May 31, 1978 by :
Download or read book Production of Aluminum-silicon Alloy and Ferrosilicon and Commercial Purity Aluminum by the Direct Reduction Process. Third Interim Technical (quarterly) Report for the Period March 1, 1978--May 31, 1978 written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A complete mass and energy balance for real ores was calculated for the carbothermic reduction step. Corrected thermal data for estimated compounds resulted in 70°C reduction of the predicted third-stage temperature. Bauxite, clay and coke mixes were agglomerated on a commercial briquetter. A correlation was obtained between compressive strength and calcination temperature plus rate of calcination of extrusions made from ores and coke. Evaluations of coal in place of coke in the burden was initiated. Evaluations of calcined briquettes and extrusions under reaction conditions resulted in the agglomerates retaining shape and solid phase at temperatures up to 1800°C. Runs were made at various concentrations of Fe2O3 in the burden. Metallic product yields were improved and final-stage temperature was lowered to 1950°C. Two improved methods were developed for preparing reduction product samples. Second stage kinetics runs were made to determine the effects of heating rate and temperature. A computer program was formulated for mathematical modeling of carbothermic reduction kinetics. Refractories were tested at reaction conditions and rated; several carbides were the most promising candidates. Safe, efficient operation of water cooled O2 tuyeres was attained in crucible type, self-heated reactors. Metal was produced for the first time in an O2 heated reactor. Preliminary design for the continuous vertical shaft reactor was completed. A conceptual large scale pilot reactor was designed. A high temperature bench scale crystallizer was designed. Experiments were continued on crystallization of Al--Si alloys containing critical impurities. Liquidus temperatures were determined for Al--Si--Fe and Al--Si--Ti charges. A preliminary design of the pilot crystallizer was completed. Design was continued on crystallizer auxiliaries.
Book Synopsis Measurement of the Activity of Silicon in Iron-silicon Alloys by : Roger Nels Dokken
Download or read book Measurement of the Activity of Silicon in Iron-silicon Alloys written by Roger Nels Dokken and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Silicon Networks in Sprayformed Aluminium/high Silicon Alloys and Their Effect on Semi-solid Processing by : Simon C. Hogg
Download or read book Silicon Networks in Sprayformed Aluminium/high Silicon Alloys and Their Effect on Semi-solid Processing written by Simon C. Hogg and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Handbook of Ferroalloys by : Michael Gasik
Download or read book Handbook of Ferroalloys written by Michael Gasik and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2013-05-04 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook gathers, reviews and concisely presents the core principles and varied technology involved in processing ferroalloys. Background content in thermodynamics, kinetics, heat and mass transfer is accompanied by an overview of electrical furnaces theory and practice as well as sustainability issues. The work includes detailed coverage of the major technologies of ferrosilicon, ferronickel, ferromolybdenum, ferrotungsten, ferrovanadium, ferromanganese and lesser known minor ferroalloys. Distilling the results of many years' experience in ferroalloys, Michael Gasik has assembled contributions from the worlds' foremost experts. The work is therefore a unique source for scientists, engineers and university students, exploring in depth an area which is one of the most versatile and increasingly used fields within modern metallurgy. All-in-one source for the major ferroalloys and their metallurgical processing technologies, cutting research time otherwise spent digging through old handbooks or review articles. In-depth discussion of the C, Si, Al-reduction, groups II-VIII of the periodic table, supporting analysis of metallurgical processing. Contemporary coverage includes environment and energy saving issues.
Book Synopsis Morphology of Silicon in Cast Hypereutectic Aluminum-silicon Alloys and the Effect of Minor Additions of Cerium and Iron by : Judith Claire Weiss
Download or read book Morphology of Silicon in Cast Hypereutectic Aluminum-silicon Alloys and the Effect of Minor Additions of Cerium and Iron written by Judith Claire Weiss and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
