Private Politics And Public Voices

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Private Politics and Public Voices

Author : Nikki Brown
Publisher : Indiana University Press
ISBN 13 : 0253112397
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (531 download)

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Book Synopsis Private Politics and Public Voices by : Nikki Brown

Download or read book Private Politics and Public Voices written by Nikki Brown and published by Indiana University Press. This book was released on 2006-12-28 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This political history of middle-class African American women during World War I focuses on their patriotic activity and social work. Nearly 200,000 African American men joined the Allied forces in France. At home, black clubwomen raised more than $125 million in wartime donations and assembled "comfort kits" for black soldiers, with chocolate, cigarettes, socks, a bible, and writing materials. Given the hostile racial climate of the day, why did black women make considerable financial contributions to the American and Allied war effort? Brown argues that black women approached the war from the nexus of the private sphere of home and family and the public sphere of community and labor activism. Their activism supported their communities and was fueled by a personal attachment to black soldiers and black families. Private Politics and Public Voices follows their lives after the war, when they carried their debates about race relations into public political activism.

Politics for People

Author : Forrest David Mathews
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Politics for People by : Forrest David Mathews

Download or read book Politics for People written by Forrest David Mathews and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Politics for People examines and responds to critics who either doubt that the public exists or believe that citizens lack the intellectual and moral capacity for self-government. Mathews also speaks to government officials, especially those who want to change the often counterproductive ways in which citizens and governments relate. He explains what a democratic citizenry must do if its representative government is to perform effectively, and he shows how officials might work with, and not just for, the public.

The Second Line of Defense

Author : Lynn Dumenil
Publisher : UNC Press Books
ISBN 13 : 1469631229
Total Pages : 357 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (696 download)

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Book Synopsis The Second Line of Defense by : Lynn Dumenil

Download or read book The Second Line of Defense written by Lynn Dumenil and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2017-02-07 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In tracing the rise of the modern idea of the American "new woman," Lynn Dumenil examines World War I's surprising impact on women and, in turn, women's impact on the war. Telling the stories of a diverse group of women, including African Americans, dissidents, pacifists, reformers, and industrial workers, Dumenil analyzes both the roadblocks and opportunities they faced. She richly explores the ways in which women helped the United States mobilize for the largest military endeavor in the nation's history. Dumenil shows how women activists staked their claim to loyal citizenship by framing their war work as homefront volunteers, overseas nurses, factory laborers, and support personnel as "the second line of defense." But in assessing the impact of these contributions on traditional gender roles, Dumenil finds that portrayals of these new modern women did not always match with real and enduring change. Extensively researched and drawing upon popular culture sources as well as archival material, The Second Line of Defense offers a comprehensive study of American women and war and frames them in the broader context of the social, cultural, and political history of the era.

New Negro Politics in the Jim Crow South

Author : Claudrena N. Harold
Publisher : University of Georgia Press
ISBN 13 : 0820349844
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (23 download)

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Book Synopsis New Negro Politics in the Jim Crow South by : Claudrena N. Harold

Download or read book New Negro Politics in the Jim Crow South written by Claudrena N. Harold and published by University of Georgia Press. This book was released on 2016-10-01 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study details how the development and maturation of New Negro politics and thought were shaped not only by New York–based intellectuals and revolutionary transformations in Europe, but also by people, ideas, and organizations rooted in the South. Claudrena N. Harold probes into critical events and developments below the Mason-Dixon Line, sharpening our understanding of how many black activists—along with particular segments of the white American Left—arrived at their views on the politics of race, nationhood, and the capitalist political economy. Focusing on Garveyites, A. Philip Randolph’s militant unionists, and black anti-imperialist protest groups, among others, Harold argues that the South was a largely overlooked “incubator of black protest activity” between World War I and the Great Depression. The activity she uncovers had implications beyond the region and adds complexity to a historical moment in which black southerners provided exciting organizational models of grassroots labor activism, assisted in the revitalization of black nationalist politics, engaged in robust intellectual arguments on the future of the South, and challenged the governance of historically black colleges. To uplift the race and by extension transform the world, New Negro southerners risked social isolation, ridicule, and even death. Their stories are reminders that black southerners played a crucial role not only in African Americans’ revolutionary quest for political empowerment, ontological clarity, and existential freedom but also in the global struggle to bring forth a more just and democratic world free from racial subjugation, dehumanizing labor practices, and colonial oppression.

Eunice Hunton Carter

Author : Marilyn Greenwald
Publisher : Fordham Univ Press
ISBN 13 : 0823293742
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (232 download)

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Book Synopsis Eunice Hunton Carter by : Marilyn Greenwald

Download or read book Eunice Hunton Carter written by Marilyn Greenwald and published by Fordham Univ Press. This book was released on 2021-04-06 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 2022 PROSE Awards Category Winner - Biography & Autobiography Foreword INDIES Book of the Year Awards - 2021 BRONZE Winner for Biography The fascinating biography of Eunice Hunton Carter, a social justice and civil rights trailblazer and the only woman prosecutor on the Luciano trial Eunice Hunton Carter rose to public prominence in 1936 as both the only woman and the only person of color on Thomas Dewey’s famous gangbuster team that prosecuted mobster Lucky Luciano. But her life before and after the trial remains relatively unknown. In this definitive biography on this trailblazing social justice activist, authors Marilyn S. Greenwald and Yun Li tell the story of this unknown but critical pioneer in the struggle for racial and gender equality in the twentieth century. Carter worked harder than most men because of her race and gender, and Greenwald and Li reflect on her lifelong commitment to her adopted home of Harlem, where she was viewed as a role model, arts patron, community organizer, and, later, as a legal advisor to the United Nations, the National Council of Negro Women, and several other national and global organizations. Carter was both a witness to and a participant in many pivotal events of the early and mid– twentieth century, including the Harlem riot of 1935 and the social scene during the Harlem Renaissance. Using transcripts, letters, and other primary and secondary sources from several archives in the United States and Canada, the authors paint a colorful portrait of how Eunice continued the legacy of the Carter family, which valued education, perseverance, and hard work: a grandfather who was a slave who bought his freedom and became a successful businessman in a small colony of former slaves in Ontario, Canada; a father who nearly single-handedly integrated the nation’s YMCAs in the Jim Crow South; and a mother who provided aid to Black soldiers in France during World War I and who became a leader in several global and domestic racial equality causes. Carter’s inspirational multi-decade career working in an environment of bias, segregation, and patriarchy in Depression-era America helped pave the way for those who came after her.

Schooling Jim Crow

Author : Jay Winston Driskell Jr.
Publisher : University of Virginia Press
ISBN 13 : 0813936152
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (139 download)

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Book Synopsis Schooling Jim Crow by : Jay Winston Driskell Jr.

Download or read book Schooling Jim Crow written by Jay Winston Driskell Jr. and published by University of Virginia Press. This book was released on 2014-12-03 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1919 the NAACP organized a voting bloc powerful enough to compel the city of Atlanta to budget $1.5 million for the construction of schools for black students. This victory would have been remarkable in any era, but in the context of the Jim Crow South it was revolutionary. Schooling Jim Crow tells the story of this little-known campaign, which happened less than thirteen years after the Atlanta race riot of 1906 and just weeks before a wave of anti-black violence swept the nation in the summer after the end of World War I. Despite the constant threat of violence, Atlanta’s black voters were able to force the city to build five black grammar schools and Booker T. Washington High School, the city’s first publicly funded black high school. Schooling Jim Crow reveals how they did it and why it matters. In this pathbreaking book, Jay Driskell explores the changes in black political consciousness that made the NAACP’s grassroots campaign possible at a time when most black southerners could not vote, let alone demand schools. He reveals how black Atlantans transformed a reactionary politics of respectability into a militant force for change. Contributing to this militancy were understandings of class and gender transformed by decades of racially segregated urban development, the 1906 Atlanta race riot, Georgia’s disfranchisement campaign of 1908, and the upheavals of World War I. On this cultural foundation, black Atlantans built a new urban black politics that would become the model for the NAACP’s political strategy well into the twentieth century.

Votes for Women

Author : Kate Clarke Lemay
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691191174
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis Votes for Women by : Kate Clarke Lemay

Download or read book Votes for Women written by Kate Clarke Lemay and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2019-03-26 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Marking the centenary of the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920, Votes for Women celebrates past efforts while looking toward what actions we might take in the future to further support women's equality"--Introduction.

Black Women in Politics

Author : Julia S. Jordan-Zachery
Publisher : SUNY Press
ISBN 13 : 1438470932
Total Pages : 316 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (384 download)

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Book Synopsis Black Women in Politics by : Julia S. Jordan-Zachery

Download or read book Black Women in Politics written by Julia S. Jordan-Zachery and published by SUNY Press. This book was released on 2018-09-01 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines how Diasporic Black women engage in politics. This book explores how Diasporic Black women engage in politics, highlighting three dimensionscitizenship, power, and justicethat are foundational to intersectionality theory and politics as developed by Black women and other women of color. By extending beyond particular time periods, locations, and singular definitions of politics, Black Women in Politics sets itself apart in the field of womens and gender studies in three ways: by focusing on contemporary Black politics not only in the United States, but also the African Diaspora; by showcasing politics along a broad trajectory, including social movements, formal politics, public policy, media studies, and epistemology; and by including a multidisciplinary range of scholars, with a strong concentration of work by political scientists, a group whose work is often excluded or limited in edited collections. The final result expands our repertoire of methodological tools and concepts for discussing and assessing Black womens lives, the conditions under which they live, their labor, and the politics they enact to improve their circumstances. Black Women in Politics offers a new perspective on Black women as political actors. Jordan-Zachery and Alexander-Floyd have assembled a stellar group of essays that speak to the broad experiences and concerns of Black women as political actors. Together, the essays present a compelling story of what we learn when we center Black womens voices in policy debates, democratic theory, and notions of political leadership. Wendy Smooth, The Ohio State University

Picturing Political Power

Author : Allison K. Lange
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226815846
Total Pages : 331 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (268 download)

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Book Synopsis Picturing Political Power by : Allison K. Lange

Download or read book Picturing Political Power written by Allison K. Lange and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2021-09-27 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "For as long as American women have battled for equitable political representation, those battles have been defined by images--whether drawn, etched, photographed, or filmed. Some of these have been flattering, many of them have been condescending, and some have been scabrous. They have drawn upon prevailing cultural tropes about the perceived nature of women's roles and abilities, and they have circulated both with and without conscious political objectives. Allison K. Lange takes a systematic look at American women's efforts to control the production and dissemination of images of them in the long battle for representation, from the mid-nineteenth-century onward"--

Black Political Thought

Author : Sherrow O. Pinder
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 110818796X
Total Pages : 375 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (81 download)

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Book Synopsis Black Political Thought by : Sherrow O. Pinder

Download or read book Black Political Thought written by Sherrow O. Pinder and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-11-14 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Black Political Thought: From David Walker to the Present, Sherrow O. Pinder has brought together the writings and discourses central to black political thought and African American politics, compiling a unique anthology of speeches and articles from over 150 years of African American history. Providing in-depth examinations and critical analyses of topics such as slavery, reconstruction, race and racism, black nationalism and black feminism - from a range of perspectives - students are equipped with a comprehensive and informative account of how these issues have fundamentally shaped and continue to shape black political thinking. Each of the six thematic parts is framed by an introduction written by black scholars working in the field, and a list of further readings. Individual chapters are then enhanced by end-of-chapter questions and author biographies. Written for the interdisciplinary field of black studies, and other social science and humanities disciplines, this textbook offers a unique resource for political scientists, sociologists, historians, feminists, and the general reader of black political thought.

After the Vote

Author : Elisabeth Israels Perry
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199341850
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (993 download)

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Book Synopsis After the Vote by : Elisabeth Israels Perry

Download or read book After the Vote written by Elisabeth Israels Perry and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-03-06 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soon after his inauguration in 1934, New York City mayor Fiorello La Guardia began appointing women into his administration. By the end of his three terms in office, he had installed almost a hundred as lawyers in his legal department, but also as board and commission members and as secretaries, deputy commissioners, and judges. No previous mayor had done anything comparable. Aware they were breaking new ground for women in American politics, the "Women of the La Guardia Administration," as they called themselves, met frequently for mutual support and political strategizing. This is the first book to tell their stories. Author Elisabeth Israels Perry begins with the city's suffrage movement, which prepared these women for political action as enfranchised citizens. After they won the vote in 1917, suffragists joined political party clubs and began to run for office, many of them hoping to use political platforms to enact feminist and progressive public policies. Circumstances unique to mid-twentieth century New York City advanced their progress. In 1930, Governor Franklin D. Roosevelt authorized an inquiry into alleged corruption in the city's government, long dominated by the Tammany Hall political machine. The inquiry turned first to the Vice Squad's entrapment of women for sex crimes and the reported misconduct of the Women's Court. Outraged by the inquiry's disclosures and impressed by La Guardia's pledge to end Tammany's grip on city offices, many New York City women activists supported him for mayor. It was in partial recognition of this support that he went on to appoint an unprecedented number of them into official positions, furthering his plans for a modernized city government. In these new roles, La Guardia's women appointees not only contributed to the success of his administration but left a rich legacy of experience and political wisdom to oncoming generations of women in American politics.

The Jim Crow Encyclopedia [2 volumes]

Author : Nikki Brown
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 0313341826
Total Pages : 950 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (133 download)

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Book Synopsis The Jim Crow Encyclopedia [2 volumes] by : Nikki Brown

Download or read book The Jim Crow Encyclopedia [2 volumes] written by Nikki Brown and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2008-09-30 with total page 950 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jim Crow refers to a set of laws in many states, predominantly in the South, after the end of Reconstruction in 1877 that severely restricted the rights and privileges of African Americans. As a caste system of enormous social and economic magnitude, the institutionalization of Jim Crow was the most significant element in African American life until the 1960s Civil Rights Movement led to its dismantling. Racial segregation, as well as responses to it and resistance against it, dominated the African American consciousness and continued to oppress African Americans and other minorities, while engendering some of the most important African American contributions to society. This major encyclopedia is the first devoted to the Jim Crow era. The era is encapsulated through more than 275 essay entries on such areas as law, media, business, politics, employment, religion, education, people, events, culture, the arts, protest, the military, class, housing, sports, and violence as well as through accompanying key primary documents excerpted as side bars. This set will serve as an invaluable, definitive resource for student research and general knowledge. The authoritative entries are written by a host of historians with expertise in the Jim Crow era. The quality content comes in an easy-to-access format. Readers can quickly find topics of interest, with alphabetical and topical lists of entries in the frontmatter, along with cross-references to related entries per entry. Further reading is provided per entry. Dynamic sidebars throughout give added insight into the topics. A chronology, selected bibliography, and photos round out the coverage. Sample entries include Advertising, Affirmative Action, Armed Forces, Black Cabinet, Blues, Brooklyn Dodgers, Bolling v. Sharpe, Confederate Flag, Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), Detroit Race Riot 1943, Ralph Ellison, Eyes on the Prize, G.I. Bill, Healthcare, Homosexuality, Intelligence Testing, Japanese Internment, Liberia, Minstrelsy, Nadir of the Negro, Poll Taxes, Rhythm and Blues, Rural Segregation, Sharecropping, Sundown Towns, Booker T. Washington, Works Project Administration, World War II.

Women and Macro Social Work Practice: Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide

Author : F. Ellen Netting
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199804893
Total Pages : 46 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (998 download)

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Book Synopsis Women and Macro Social Work Practice: Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide by : F. Ellen Netting

Download or read book Women and Macro Social Work Practice: Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide written by F. Ellen Netting and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2010-05 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This ebook is a selective guide designed to help scholars and students of social work find reliable sources of information by directing them to the best available scholarly materials in whatever form or format they appear from books, chapters, and journal articles to online archives, electronic data sets, and blogs. Written by a leading international authority on the subject, the ebook provides bibliographic information supported by direct recommendations about which sources to consult and editorial commentary to make it clear how the cited sources are interrelated related. A reader will discover, for instance, the most reliable introductions and overviews to the topic, and the most important publications on various areas of scholarly interest within this topic. In social work, as in other disciplines, researchers at all levels are drowning in potentially useful scholarly information, and this guide has been created as a tool for cutting through that material to find the exact source you need. This ebook is a static version of an article from Oxford Bibliographies Online: Social Work, a dynamic, continuously updated, online resource designed to provide authoritative guidance through scholarship and other materials relevant to the study and practice of social work. Oxford Bibliographies Online covers most subject disciplines within the social science and humanities, for more information visit www.aboutobo.com.

Historical Dictionary of the Civil Rights Movement

Author : Christopher M. Richardson
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 0810880377
Total Pages : 663 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis Historical Dictionary of the Civil Rights Movement by : Christopher M. Richardson

Download or read book Historical Dictionary of the Civil Rights Movement written by Christopher M. Richardson and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2014-06-11 with total page 663 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fiftieth anniversary of many major milestones in what is commonly called the African-American Civil Rights Movement was celebrated in 2013. Fifty years removed from the Birmingham campaign, the assassination of Medgar Evers, and the March on Washington and it is clear that the sacrifices borne by those generations in that decade were not in vain. Monuments, museums, and exhibitions across the world honor the men and women of the Movement and testify to their immeasurable role in redefining the United States. The second edition of Historical Dictionary of the Civil Rights Movement is a guide to the history of the African-American struggle for equal rights in the United States. The history of this period is covered in a detailed chronology, an introductory essay, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 500 cross-referenced entries on important personalities, significant legal cases, local struggles, forgotten heroes, and prominent women in the Movement. This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about the Civil Rights Movement.

Obama, Clinton, Palin

Author : Liette Gidlow
Publisher : University of Illinois Press
ISBN 13 : 0252093658
Total Pages : 194 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (52 download)

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Book Synopsis Obama, Clinton, Palin by : Liette Gidlow

Download or read book Obama, Clinton, Palin written by Liette Gidlow and published by University of Illinois Press. This book was released on 2011-12-15 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Election 2008 made American history, but it was also the product of American history. Barack Obama, Hillary Clinton, and Sarah Palin smashed through some of the most enduring barriers to high political office, but their exceptional candidacies did not come out of nowhere. In these timely and accessible essays, a distinguished group of historians explores how the candidates both challenged and reinforced historic stereotypes of race and sex while echoing familiar themes in American politics and exploiting new digital technologies. Contributors include Kathryn Kish Sklar on Clinton’s gender masquerade; Tiffany Ruby Patterson on the politics of black anger; Mitch Kachun on Michelle Obama and stereotypes about black women’s bodies; Glenda E. Gilmore on black women’s century of effort to expand political opportunities for African Americans; Tera W. Hunter on the lost legacy of Shirley Chisholm; Susan M. Hartmann on why the U.S. has not yet followed western democracies in electing a female head of state; Melanie Gustafson on Palin and the political traditions of the American West; Ronald Formisano on the populist resurgence in 2008; Paula Baker on how digital technologies threaten the secret ballot; Catherine E. Rymph on Palin’s distinctive brand of political feminism; and Elisabeth I. Perry on the new look of American leadership.

Jim Crow Capital

Author : Mary-Elizabeth B. Murphy
Publisher : UNC Press Books
ISBN 13 : 1469646730
Total Pages : 293 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (696 download)

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Book Synopsis Jim Crow Capital by : Mary-Elizabeth B. Murphy

Download or read book Jim Crow Capital written by Mary-Elizabeth B. Murphy and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2018-09-28 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Local policy in the nation's capital has always influenced national politics. During Reconstruction, black Washingtonians were first to exercise their new franchise. But when congressmen abolished local governance in the 1870s, they set the precedent for southern disfranchisement. In the aftermath of this process, memories of voting and citizenship rights inspired a new generation of Washingtonians to restore local government in their city and lay the foundation for black equality across the nation. And women were at the forefront of this effort. Here Mary-Elizabeth B. Murphy tells the story of how African American women in D.C. transformed civil rights politics in their freedom struggles between 1920 and 1945. Even though no resident of the nation's capital could vote, black women seized on their conspicuous location to testify in Congress, lobby politicians, and stage protests to secure racial justice, both in Washington and across the nation. Women crafted a broad vision of citizenship rights that put economic justice, physical safety, and legal equality at the forefront of their political campaigns. Black women's civil rights tactics and victories in Washington, D.C., shaped the national postwar black freedom struggle in ways that still resonate today.

Black Women’s Christian Activism

Author : Betty Livingston Adams
Publisher : NYU Press
ISBN 13 : 1479887358
Total Pages : 346 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (798 download)

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Book Synopsis Black Women’s Christian Activism by : Betty Livingston Adams

Download or read book Black Women’s Christian Activism written by Betty Livingston Adams and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2020-05-19 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 2017 Wilbur Non-Fiction Award Recipient Winner of the 2018 Author's Award in scholarly non-fiction, presented by the New Jersey Studies Academic Alliance Winner, 2020 Kornitzer Book Prize, given by Drew University Examines the oft overlooked role of non-elite black women in the growth of northern suburbs and American Protestantism in the first half of the twentieth century When a domestic servant named Violet Johnson moved to the affluent white suburb of Summit, New Jersey in 1897, she became one of just barely a hundred black residents in the town of six thousand. In this avowedly liberal Protestant community, the very definition of “the suburbs” depended on observance of unmarked and fluctuating race and class barriers. But Johnson did not intend to accept the status quo. Establishing a Baptist church a year later, a seemingly moderate act that would have implications far beyond weekly worship, Johnson challenged assumptions of gender and race, advocating for a politics of civic righteousness that would grant African Americans an equal place in a Christian nation. Johnson’s story is powerful, but she was just one among the many working-class activists integral to the budding days of the civil rights movement. Focusing on the strategies and organizational models church women employed in the fight for social justice, Adams tracks the Intersectionsof politics and religion, race and gender, and place and space in a New York City suburb, a local example that offers new insights on northern racial oppression and civil rights protest. As this book makes clear, religion made a key difference in the lives and activism of ordinary black women who lived, worked, and worshiped on the margin during this tumultuous time.