Principles of Abstract Interpretation

Download Principles of Abstract Interpretation PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262044900
Total Pages : 833 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Principles of Abstract Interpretation by : Patrick Cousot

Download or read book Principles of Abstract Interpretation written by Patrick Cousot and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2021-09-21 with total page 833 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction to abstract interpretation, with examples of applications to the semantics, specification, verification, and static analysis of computer programs. Formal methods are mathematically rigorous techniques for the specification, development, manipulation, and verification of safe, robust, and secure software and hardware systems. Abstract interpretation is a unifying theory of formal methods that proposes a general methodology for proving the correctness of computing systems, based on their semantics. The concepts of abstract interpretation underlie such software tools as compilers, type systems, and security protocol analyzers. This book provides an introduction to the theory and practice of abstract interpretation, offering examples of applications to semantics, specification, verification, and static analysis of programming languages with emphasis on calculational design. The book covers all necessary computer science and mathematical concepts--including most of the logic, order, linear, fixpoint, and discrete mathematics frequently used in computer science--in separate chapters before they are used in the text. Each chapter offers exercises and selected solutions. Chapter topics include syntax, parsing, trace semantics, properties and their abstraction, fixpoints and their abstractions, reachability semantics, abstract domain and abstract interpreter, specification and verification, effective fixpoint approximation, relational static analysis, and symbolic static analysis. The main applications covered include program semantics, program specification and verification, program dynamic and static analysis of numerical properties and of such symbolic properties as dataflow analysis, software model checking, pointer analysis, dependency, and typing (both for forward and backward analysis), and their combinations. Principles of Abstract Interpretation is suitable for classroom use at the graduate level and as a reference for researchers and practitioners.

Introduction to Static Analysis

Download Introduction to Static Analysis PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262043416
Total Pages : 315 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Introduction to Static Analysis by : Xavier Rival

Download or read book Introduction to Static Analysis written by Xavier Rival and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2020-02-11 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A self-contained introduction to abstract interpretation–based static analysis, an essential resource for students, developers, and users. Static program analysis, or static analysis, aims to discover semantic properties of programs without running them. It plays an important role in all phases of development, including verification of specifications and programs, the synthesis of optimized code, and the refactoring and maintenance of software applications. This book offers a self-contained introduction to static analysis, covering the basics of both theoretical foundations and practical considerations in the use of static analysis tools. By offering a quick and comprehensive introduction for nonspecialists, the book fills a notable gap in the literature, which until now has consisted largely of scientific articles on advanced topics. The text covers the mathematical foundations of static analysis, including semantics, semantic abstraction, and computation of program invariants; more advanced notions and techniques, including techniques for enhancing the cost-accuracy balance of analysis and abstractions for advanced programming features and answering a wide range of semantic questions; and techniques for implementing and using static analysis tools. It begins with background information and an intuitive and informal introduction to the main static analysis principles and techniques. It then formalizes the scientific foundations of program analysis techniques, considers practical aspects of implementation, and presents more advanced applications. The book can be used as a textbook in advanced undergraduate and graduate courses in static analysis and program verification, and as a reference for users, developers, and experts.

Principles of Abstract Interpretation

Download Principles of Abstract Interpretation PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262361523
Total Pages : 833 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (623 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Principles of Abstract Interpretation by : Patrick Cousot

Download or read book Principles of Abstract Interpretation written by Patrick Cousot and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2021-09-21 with total page 833 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction to abstract interpretation, with examples of applications to the semantics, specification, verification, and static analysis of computer programs. Formal methods are mathematically rigorous techniques for the specification, development, manipulation, and verification of safe, robust, and secure software and hardware systems. Abstract interpretation is a unifying theory of formal methods that proposes a general methodology for proving the correctness of computing systems, based on their semantics. The concepts of abstract interpretation underlie such software tools as compilers, type systems, and security protocol analyzers. This book provides an introduction to the theory and practice of abstract interpretation, offering examples of applications to semantics, specification, verification, and static analysis of programming languages with emphasis on calculational design. The book covers all necessary computer science and mathematical concepts--including most of the logic, order, linear, fixpoint, and discrete mathematics frequently used in computer science--in separate chapters before they are used in the text. Each chapter offers exercises and selected solutions. Chapter topics include syntax, parsing, trace semantics, properties and their abstraction, fixpoints and their abstractions, reachability semantics, abstract domain and abstract interpreter, specification and verification, effective fixpoint approximation, relational static analysis, and symbolic static analysis. The main applications covered include program semantics, program specification and verification, program dynamic and static analysis of numerical properties and of such symbolic properties as dataflow analysis, software model checking, pointer analysis, dependency, and typing (both for forward and backward analysis), and their combinations. Principles of Abstract Interpretation is suitable for classroom use at the graduate level and as a reference for researchers and practitioners.

Principles of Program Analysis

Download Principles of Program Analysis PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3662038110
Total Pages : 465 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (62 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Principles of Program Analysis by : Flemming Nielson

Download or read book Principles of Program Analysis written by Flemming Nielson and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-02-27 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Program analysis utilizes static techniques for computing reliable information about the dynamic behavior of programs. Applications include compilers (for code improvement), software validation (for detecting errors) and transformations between data representation (for solving problems such as Y2K). This book is unique in providing an overview of the four major approaches to program analysis: data flow analysis, constraint-based analysis, abstract interpretation, and type and effect systems. The presentation illustrates the extensive similarities between the approaches, helping readers to choose the best one to utilize.

Abstract Domains in Constraint Programming

Download Abstract Domains in Constraint Programming PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0081004648
Total Pages : 177 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (81 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Abstract Domains in Constraint Programming by : Marie Pelleau

Download or read book Abstract Domains in Constraint Programming written by Marie Pelleau and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-05-20 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Constraint Programming aims at solving hard combinatorial problems, with a computation time increasing in practice exponentially. The methods are today efficient enough to solve large industrial problems, in a generic framework. However, solvers are dedicated to a single variable type: integer or real. Solving mixed problems relies on ad hoc transformations. In another field, Abstract Interpretation offers tools to prove program properties, by studying an abstraction of their concrete semantics, that is, the set of possible values of the variables during an execution. Various representations for these abstractions have been proposed. They are called abstract domains. Abstract domains can mix any type of variables, and even represent relations between the variables. In this work, we define abstract domains for Constraint Programming, so as to build a generic solving method, dealing with both integer and real variables. We also study the octagons abstract domain, already defined in Abstract Interpretation. Guiding the search by the octagonal relations, we obtain good results on a continuous benchmark. We also define our solving method using Abstract Interpretation techniques, in order to include existing abstract domains. Our solver, AbSolute, is able to solve mixed problems and use relational domains. Exploits the over-approximation methods to integrate AI tools in the methods of CP Exploits the relationships captured to solve continuous problems more effectively Learn from the developers of a solver capable of handling practically all abstract domains

Principles of Model Checking

Download Principles of Model Checking PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262304031
Total Pages : 994 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (623 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Principles of Model Checking by : Christel Baier

Download or read book Principles of Model Checking written by Christel Baier and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2008-04-25 with total page 994 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive introduction to the foundations of model checking, a fully automated technique for finding flaws in hardware and software; with extensive examples and both practical and theoretical exercises. Our growing dependence on increasingly complex computer and software systems necessitates the development of formalisms, techniques, and tools for assessing functional properties of these systems. One such technique that has emerged in the last twenty years is model checking, which systematically (and automatically) checks whether a model of a given system satisfies a desired property such as deadlock freedom, invariants, and request-response properties. This automated technique for verification and debugging has developed into a mature and widely used approach with many applications. Principles of Model Checking offers a comprehensive introduction to model checking that is not only a text suitable for classroom use but also a valuable reference for researchers and practitioners in the field. The book begins with the basic principles for modeling concurrent and communicating systems, introduces different classes of properties (including safety and liveness), presents the notion of fairness, and provides automata-based algorithms for these properties. It introduces the temporal logics LTL and CTL, compares them, and covers algorithms for verifying these logics, discussing real-time systems as well as systems subject to random phenomena. Separate chapters treat such efficiency-improving techniques as abstraction and symbolic manipulation. The book includes an extensive set of examples (most of which run through several chapters) and a complete set of basic results accompanied by detailed proofs. Each chapter concludes with a summary, bibliographic notes, and an extensive list of exercises of both practical and theoretical nature.

Tutorial on Static Inference of Numeric Invariants by Abstract Interpretation

Download Tutorial on Static Inference of Numeric Invariants by Abstract Interpretation PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781680833867
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (338 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Tutorial on Static Inference of Numeric Invariants by Abstract Interpretation by : Antoine Miné

Download or read book Tutorial on Static Inference of Numeric Invariants by Abstract Interpretation written by Antoine Miné and published by . This book was released on 2017-12-05 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph is based on several Master-level courses in Abstract Interpretation given by the author. It is intended as an entry course in Abstract Interpretation.

Formal Verification of Object-Oriented Software

Download Formal Verification of Object-Oriented Software PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3642180701
Total Pages : 207 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (421 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Formal Verification of Object-Oriented Software by : Bernhard Beckert

Download or read book Formal Verification of Object-Oriented Software written by Bernhard Beckert and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-01-18 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the thoroughly refereed post-conference proceedings of the International Conference on Formal Verification of Object-Oriented Software, FoVeOOS 2010, held in Paris, France, in June 2010 - organised by COST Action IC0701. The 11 revised full papers presented together with 2 invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 21 submissions. Formal software verification has outgrown the area of academic case studies, and industry is showing serious interest. The logical next goal is the verification of industrial software products. Most programming languages used in industrial practice are object-oriented, e.g. Java, C++, or C#. FoVeOOS 2010 aimed to foster collaboration and interactions among researchers in this area.

Introduction to Static Analysis

Download Introduction to Static Analysis PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262356651
Total Pages : 315 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (623 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Introduction to Static Analysis by : Xavier Rival

Download or read book Introduction to Static Analysis written by Xavier Rival and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2020-02-11 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A self-contained introduction to abstract interpretation–based static analysis, an essential resource for students, developers, and users. Static program analysis, or static analysis, aims to discover semantic properties of programs without running them. It plays an important role in all phases of development, including verification of specifications and programs, the synthesis of optimized code, and the refactoring and maintenance of software applications. This book offers a self-contained introduction to static analysis, covering the basics of both theoretical foundations and practical considerations in the use of static analysis tools. By offering a quick and comprehensive introduction for nonspecialists, the book fills a notable gap in the literature, which until now has consisted largely of scientific articles on advanced topics. The text covers the mathematical foundations of static analysis, including semantics, semantic abstraction, and computation of program invariants; more advanced notions and techniques, including techniques for enhancing the cost-accuracy balance of analysis and abstractions for advanced programming features and answering a wide range of semantic questions; and techniques for implementing and using static analysis tools. It begins with background information and an intuitive and informal introduction to the main static analysis principles and techniques. It then formalizes the scientific foundations of program analysis techniques, considers practical aspects of implementation, and presents more advanced applications. The book can be used as a textbook in advanced undergraduate and graduate courses in static analysis and program verification, and as a reference for users, developers, and experts.

Data Flow Analysis

Download Data Flow Analysis PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0849332516
Total Pages : 395 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (493 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Data Flow Analysis by : Uday Khedker

Download or read book Data Flow Analysis written by Uday Khedker and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-12-19 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Data flow analysis is used to discover information for a wide variety of useful applications, ranging from compiler optimizations to software engineering and verification. Modern compilers apply it to produce performance-maximizing code, and software engineers use it to re-engineer or reverse engineer programs and verify the integrity of their programs. Supplementary Online Materials to Strengthen Understanding Unlike most comparable books, many of which are limited to bit vector frameworks and classical constant propagation, Data Flow Analysis: Theory and Practice offers comprehensive coverage of both classical and contemporary data flow analysis. It prepares foundations useful for both researchers and students in the field by standardizing and unifying various existing research, concepts, and notations. It also presents mathematical foundations of data flow analysis and includes study of data flow analysis implantation through use of the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC). Divided into three parts, this unique text combines discussions of inter- and intraprocedural analysis and then describes implementation of a generic data flow analyzer (gdfa) for bit vector frameworks in GCC. Through the inclusion of case studies and examples to reinforce material, this text equips readers with a combination of mutually supportive theory and practice, and they will be able to access the author’s accompanying Web page. Here they can experiment with the analyses described in the book, and can make use of updated features, including: Slides used in the authors’ courses The source of the generic data flow analyzer (gdfa) An errata that features errors as they are discovered Additional updated relevant material discovered in the course of research

The Formal Semantics of Programming Languages

Download The Formal Semantics of Programming Languages PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262731034
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (31 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Formal Semantics of Programming Languages by : Glynn Winskel

Download or read book The Formal Semantics of Programming Languages written by Glynn Winskel and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1993-02-05 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Formal Semantics of Programming Languages provides the basic mathematical techniques necessary for those who are beginning a study of the semantics and logics of programming languages. These techniques will allow students to invent, formalize, and justify rules with which to reason about a variety of programming languages. Although the treatment is elementary, several of the topics covered are drawn from recent research, including the vital area of concurency. The book contains many exercises ranging from simple to miniprojects.Starting with basic set theory, structural operational semantics is introduced as a way to define the meaning of programming languages along with associated proof techniques. Denotational and axiomatic semantics are illustrated on a simple language of while-programs, and fall proofs are given of the equivalence of the operational and denotational semantics and soundness and relative completeness of the axiomatic semantics. A proof of Godel's incompleteness theorem, which emphasizes the impossibility of achieving a fully complete axiomatic semantics, is included. It is supported by an appendix providing an introduction to the theory of computability based on while-programs. Following a presentation of domain theory, the semantics and methods of proof for several functional languages are treated. The simplest language is that of recursion equations with both call-by-value and call-by-name evaluation. This work is extended to lan guages with higher and recursive types, including a treatment of the eager and lazy lambda-calculi. Throughout, the relationship between denotational and operational semantics is stressed, and the proofs of the correspondence between the operation and denotational semantics are provided. The treatment of recursive types - one of the more advanced parts of the book - relies on the use of information systems to represent domains. The book concludes with a chapter on parallel programming languages, accompanied by a discussion of methods for specifying and verifying nondeterministic and parallel programs.

Visualization Analysis and Design

Download Visualization Analysis and Design PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1466508930
Total Pages : 422 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (665 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Visualization Analysis and Design by : Tamara Munzner

Download or read book Visualization Analysis and Design written by Tamara Munzner and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-12-01 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn How to Design Effective Visualization SystemsVisualization Analysis and Design provides a systematic, comprehensive framework for thinking about visualization in terms of principles and design choices. The book features a unified approach encompassing information visualization techniques for abstract data, scientific visualization techniques

Essentials of Programming Languages, third edition

Download Essentials of Programming Languages, third edition PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262062798
Total Pages : 433 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Essentials of Programming Languages, third edition by : Daniel P. Friedman

Download or read book Essentials of Programming Languages, third edition written by Daniel P. Friedman and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2008-04-18 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new edition of a textbook that provides students with a deep, working understanding of the essential concepts of programming languages, completely revised, with significant new material. This book provides students with a deep, working understanding of the essential concepts of programming languages. Most of these essentials relate to the semantics, or meaning, of program elements, and the text uses interpreters (short programs that directly analyze an abstract representation of the program text) to express the semantics of many essential language elements in a way that is both clear and executable. The approach is both analytical and hands-on. The book provides views of programming languages using widely varying levels of abstraction, maintaining a clear connection between the high-level and low-level views. Exercises are a vital part of the text and are scattered throughout; the text explains the key concepts, and the exercises explore alternative designs and other issues. The complete Scheme code for all the interpreters and analyzers in the book can be found online through The MIT Press web site. For this new edition, each chapter has been revised and many new exercises have been added. Significant additions have been made to the text, including completely new chapters on modules and continuation-passing style. Essentials of Programming Languages can be used for both graduate and undergraduate courses, and for continuing education courses for programmers.

Programming Languages and Systems

Download Programming Languages and Systems PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3540319875
Total Pages : 451 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (43 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Programming Languages and Systems by : Mooly Sagiv

Download or read book Programming Languages and Systems written by Mooly Sagiv and published by Springer. This book was released on 2005-03-10 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ETAPS 2005 was the eighth instance of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software. ETAPS is an annual federated conference that was established in 1998 by combining a number of existing and new conf- ences. This year it comprised ?ve conferences (CC, ESOP, FASE, FOSSACS, TACAS), 17 satellite workshops (AVIS, BYTECODE, CEES, CLASE, CMSB, COCV, FAC, FESCA, FINCO, GCW-DSE, GLPL, LDTA, QAPL, SC, SLAP, TGC, UITP), seven invited lectures (not including those that were speci?c to the satellite events), and several tutorials. We received over 550 submissions to the ?ve conferences this year, giving acceptance rates below 30% for each one. Congratulations to all the authors who made it to the ?nal program! I hope that most of the other authors still found a way of participating in this exciting event and I hope you will continue submitting. The events that comprise ETAPS address various aspects of the system - velopment process, including speci?cation, design, implementation, analysis and improvement. The languages, methodologies and tools which support these - tivities are all well within its scope. Di?erent blends of theory and practice are represented, with an inclination towards theory with a practical motivation on the one hand and soundly based practice on the other. Many of the issues involved in software design apply to systems in general, including hardware s- tems,andtheemphasisonsoftwareisnotintendedtobeexclusive.

Principles of Rorschach Interpretation

Download Principles of Rorschach Interpretation PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135634491
Total Pages : 545 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (356 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Principles of Rorschach Interpretation by : Irving B. Weiner

Download or read book Principles of Rorschach Interpretation written by Irving B. Weiner and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2003-07-18 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition of Irving Weiner's classic comprehensive, clinician-friendly guide to utilizing the Rorschach for personality description has been revised to reflect both recent modifications in the Rorschach Comprehensive System and new evidence concerning the soundness and utility of Rorschach assessment. It integrates the basic ingredients of structural, thematic, behavioral, and sequence analysis strategies into systematic guidelines for describing personality functioning. It is divided into three parts. Part I concerns basic considerations in Rorschach testing and deals with conceptual and empirical foundations of the inkblot method and with critical issues in formulating and justifying Rorschach inferences. Part II is concerned with elements of interpretation that contribute to thorough utilization of data in a Rorschach protocol: the Comprehensive System search strategy; the complementary roles of projection and card pull in determining response characteristics; and the interpretive significance of structural variables, content themes, test behaviors, and the sequence in which various response characteristics occur. Each of the chapters presents and illustrates detailed guidelines for translating Rorschach findings into descriptions of structural and dynamic aspects of personality functioning. The discussion throughout emphasizes the implications of Rorschach data for personality assets and liabilities, with specific respect to adaptive and maladaptive features of the manner in which people attend to their experience, use ideation, modulate affect, manage stress, view themselves, and relate to others. Part III presents 10 case illustrations of how the interpretive principles delineated in Part II can be used to identify assets and liabilities in personality functioning and apply this information in clinical practice. These cases represent persons from diverse demographic backgrounds and demonstrate a broad range of personality styles and clinical issues. Discussion of these cases touches on numerous critical concerns in arriving at different diagnoses, formulating treatment plans, and elucidating structural and dynamic determinants of behavior.

First Steps in Seismic Interpretation

Download First Steps in Seismic Interpretation PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : SEG Books
ISBN 13 : 1560802804
Total Pages : 217 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (68 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis First Steps in Seismic Interpretation by : Donald A. Herron

Download or read book First Steps in Seismic Interpretation written by Donald A. Herron and published by SEG Books. This book was released on 2011 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intended for beginning interpreters, this book approaches seismic interpretation via synthesis of concepts and practical applications rather than through formal treatment of basic physics and geology. Based on the author's personal experience as a seismic interpreter, it is organised along the lines of notes from classes he designs and teaches.

The Software Arts

Download The Software Arts PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262039702
Total Pages : 401 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Software Arts by : Warren Sack

Download or read book The Software Arts written by Warren Sack and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2019-04-09 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An alternative history of software that places the liberal arts at the very center of software's evolution. In The Software Arts, Warren Sack offers an alternative history of computing that places the arts at the very center of software's evolution. Tracing the origins of software to eighteenth-century French encyclopedists' step-by-step descriptions of how things were made in the workshops of artists and artisans, Sack shows that programming languages are the offspring of an effort to describe the mechanical arts in the language of the liberal arts. Sack offers a reading of the texts of computing—code, algorithms, and technical papers—that emphasizes continuity between prose and programs. He translates concepts and categories from the liberal and mechanical arts—including logic, rhetoric, grammar, learning, algorithm, language, and simulation—into terms of computer science and then considers their further translation into popular culture, where they circulate as forms of digital life. He considers, among other topics, the “arithmetization” of knowledge that presaged digitization; today's multitude of logics; the history of demonstration, from deduction to newer forms of persuasion; and the post-Chomsky absence of meaning in grammar. With The Software Arts, Sack invites artists and humanists to see how their ideas are at the root of software and invites computer scientists to envision themselves as artists and humanists.