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Principled Agents
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Book Synopsis Principled Agents? by : Timothy Besley
Download or read book Principled Agents? written by Timothy Besley and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2006-06-15 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is good government? Why do some governments fail? How do you implement political accountability in practice? What incentives do you need to put in place to ensure that politicians and public servants act in the public interest and not their own? These questions and many more are addressed in Timothy Besley's intriguing Lindahl lectures. Economic analyses of government usually divide into two broad camps. One which emphasizes government as a force for public good that can regulate markets, distribute resources and generally work towards improving the lives of its citizens. The other sees government as driven by private interests, susceptible to those with the power to influence its decisions and failing to incentivize its officials to act for the greater public good. This book adopts a middle way between the two extremes, the Publius approach, which recognizes the potential for government to act for the public good but also accepts the fact that things often go wrong. It shares the view that there are certain institutional preconditions for effective government but then proceed to examine exactly what those preconditions are. Timothy Besley emphasises that it is not just about designing an appropriate institutional framework but also about understanding the way incentives work and the process by which the political class is selected.
Download or read book Principled Agents written by Besley and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Principled Agents? by : Timothy Besley
Download or read book Principled Agents? written by Timothy Besley and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2006-06-15 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is good government? Why do some governments fail? How do you implement political accountability in practice? What incentives do you need to put in place to ensure that politicians and public servants act in the public interest and not their own? These questions and many more are addressed in Timothy Besley's intriguing Lindahl lectures. Economic analyses of government usually divide into two broad camps. One which emphasizes government as a force for public good that can regulate markets, distribute resources and generally work towards improving the lives of its citizens. The other sees government as driven by private interests, susceptible to those with the power to influence its decisions and failing to incentivize its officials to act for the greater public good. This book adopts a middle way between the two extremes, the Publius approach, which recognizes the potential for government to act for the public good but also accepts the fact that things often go wrong. It shares the view that there are certain institutional preconditions for effective government but then proceed to examine exactly what those preconditions are. Timothy Besley emphasises that it is not just about designing an appropriate institutional framework but also about understanding the way incentives work and the process by which the political class is selected.
Book Synopsis Four Guardians by : Jeffrey W. Donnithorne
Download or read book Four Guardians written by Jeffrey W. Donnithorne and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2018-05-15 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book explains who the four US military services truly are and why they make and execute policy as they do. The book focuses on American civil-military relationships, explaining why the services imperfectly satisfy their civilian bosses and why the four services think and act so differently from one another. Ultimately, the book offers three independent but mutually reinforcing contributions to the fields of security studies and American civil-military relations. First, it builds on one of the major theoretical approaches to civil-military relations--agency theory--and identifies key conditions under which agency theory best explains military service behavior. Author Jeffrey W. Donnithorne provides a "principled agent" model that finds four unique condition sets that explain civil-military dynamics with new clarity. Second, the book exposes the importance of service culture in civil-military relations and offers a rich yet concise portrait of each of the four US military services: the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps.Third, the book offers two important case studies of civil-military policymaking. These two cases demonstrate the principled agent framework in action, while amply revealing the four services as distinctly different political actors. Finally, the book offers both conclusions and implications for today's security environment, suggesting likely pathways where the services will diverge in their approach to current defense issues. With theoretical novelty, empirical depth, and engaging military history, the book aims to reach academics, practitioners, and general readers alike"--
Book Synopsis Principled Agents: Service Culture, Bargaining, and Agency in American Civil-Military Relations by : Jeffrey W. Donnithorne
Download or read book Principled Agents: Service Culture, Bargaining, and Agency in American Civil-Military Relations written by Jeffrey W. Donnithorne and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 1110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To address these questions, I start with a standard principal-agent framework for civil-military relations and make two changes. First, I make a temporal distinction between creating policy and subsequently enforcing it, as the prevailing dynamics on either side of policy ratification exhibit key differences. Second, I disaggregate "the military" into the four services and study them as unique actors in the civil-military domain. I find that each of the four American military services has a deep and distinctive service culture that uniquely conditions its policy preferences and political behavior.
Book Synopsis Principled Ethics by : Sean McKeever
Download or read book Principled Ethics written by Sean McKeever and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2006-04-20 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Moral philosophy has long been dominated by the aim of understanding morality and the virtues in terms of principles. However, the underlying assumption that this is the best approach has received almost no defence, and has been attacked by particularists, who argue that the traditional link between morality and principles is little more than an unwarranted prejudice. In Principled Ethics, Michael Ridge and Sean McKeever meet the particularist challenge head-on, and defend a distinctive view they call "generalism as a regulative ideal."
Book Synopsis Special Issue on Timothy Besley's, Principled Agents? by : Timothy Besley
Download or read book Special Issue on Timothy Besley's, Principled Agents? written by Timothy Besley and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Computational Theories of Interaction and Agency by : Philip Agre
Download or read book Computational Theories of Interaction and Agency written by Philip Agre and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1996 with total page 794 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over time the field of artificial intelligence has developed an "agent perspective" expanding its focus from thought to action, from search spaces to physical environments, and from problem-solving to long-term activity. Originally published as a special double volume of the journal Artificial Intelligence, this book brings together fundamental work by the top researchers in artificial intelligence, neural networks, computer science, robotics, and cognitive science on the themes of interaction and agency. It identifies recurring themes and outlines a methodology of the concept of "agency." The seventeen contributions cover the construction of principled characterizations of interactions between agents and their environments, as well as the use of these characterizations to guide analysis of existing agents and the synthesis of artificial agents.Artificial Intelligence series.Special Issues of Artificial Intelligence
Download or read book Principled Spying written by David Omand and published by Georgetown University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Collecting and analyzing intelligence are essential to national security and an effective foreign policy. The public also looks to its security agencies for protection from terrorism, from serious criminality, and to be safe in using cyberspace. But intelligence activities pose inherent dilemmas for democratic societies. How far should the government be allowed to go in collecting and using intelligence before it jeopardizes the freedoms that citizens hold dear? This is one of the great unresolved issues of public policy, and it sits at the heart of broader debates concerning the relationship between the citizen and the state. In Safe and Sound, national security practitioner David Omand and intelligence scholar Mark Phythian offer an ethical framework for examining these issues and structure the book as an engaging debate. Rather than simply presenting their positions, throughout the book they pose key questions to each other and to the reader and offer contrasting perspectives to stimulate further discussion. They probe key areas of secret intelligence including human intelligence, surveillance, ethics of covert and clandestine actions, and oversight and accountability. The authors disagree on some key questions, but in the course of their debate they demonstrate that it is possible to strike a balance between liberty and security.
Book Synopsis Principled Agents by : Jeffrey W. Donnithorne
Download or read book Principled Agents written by Jeffrey W. Donnithorne and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, civilian control of the military is a robust and healthy norm. But the absence of "man on horseback" does not signify the absence of all civil-military conflict. Why do the four military services comply with some polices but not others, and why do these responses vary at times across the four services? To address these questions, I start with a standard principal-agent framework for civil-military relations and make two changes. First I make a temporal distinction between creating policy and subsequently enforcing it, as the prevailing dynamics on either side of the policy ratification exhibit key differences. Second, I disaggregate "the military" into four services and study them as unique actors in the civil-military domain. I find that each of the four American military services has a deep and distinctive service culture that uniquely conditions its policy preferences and political behavior. Through historical analysis of the four services and detailed process-tracing through two significant cases of civil military policymaking, I evaluate my theory against several alternative explanations. First, I study the Army and Navy during the four-year period leading up to the 1986 Goldwater-Nichols Act and find that the interaction of service culture with the anticipated agency environment best explains the varying responses of the two services. Second, I evaluate the Army and Marine Corps during the development of the Rapid Deployment Joint Task Force between 1977 and 1983. In this complex case of shaping military strategy, the pathway of compliance was unclear and the military services responded largely from culturally informed interpretations of compliance, not from material cost-benefit calculations. Consequently, I find that my modified agency framework offers a detailed explanation of civil-military behavior, but it applies differently across various policy contexts. During policy creation, the agency framework applies anticipatively, shaping the future climate of implementation. During implementation of clear policies, it applies actively through standard agency logics. Finally, during the implementation of ambiguous or intractable policies, the agency framework applies passively, receding into the background while the civil-military actors pursue their culturally conditioned understanding of what compliance actually requires in that particular context.
Book Synopsis Four Guardians by : Jeffrey W. Donnithorne
Download or read book Four Guardians written by Jeffrey W. Donnithorne and published by Johns Hopkins University Press. This book was released on 2021-02-02 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely work brings a new appreciation for the American military, the complex dynamics of civilian control, and the principled ways in which the four guardian services defend their nation.
Book Synopsis The Peter Principle by : Dr. Laurence J. Peter
Download or read book The Peter Principle written by Dr. Laurence J. Peter and published by Harper Collins. This book was released on 2014-04-01 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The classic #1 New York Times bestseller that answers the age-old question Why is incompetence so maddeningly rampant and so vexingly triumphant? The Peter Principle, the eponymous law Dr. Laurence J. Peter coined, explains that everyone in a hierarchy—from the office intern to the CEO, from the low-level civil servant to a nation’s president—will inevitably rise to his or her level of incompetence. Dr. Peter explains why incompetence is at the root of everything we endeavor to do—why schools bestow ignorance, why governments condone anarchy, why courts dispense injustice, why prosperity causes unhappiness, and why utopian plans never generate utopias. With the wit of Mark Twain, the psychological acuity of Sigmund Freud, and the theoretical impact of Isaac Newton, Dr. Laurence J. Peter and Raymond Hull’s The Peter Principle brilliantly explains how incompetence and its accompanying symptoms, syndromes, and remedies define the world and the work we do in it.
Download or read book Getting to Yes written by Roger Fisher and published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. This book was released on 1991 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes a method of negotiation that isolates problems, focuses on interests, creates new options, and uses objective criteria to help two parties reach an agreement.
Book Synopsis The Trouble with Principle by : Stanley Fish
Download or read book The Trouble with Principle written by Stanley Fish and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2001-03-02 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stanley Fish is an equal opportunity antagonist. A theorist who has taken on theorists, an academician who has riled the academy, a legal scholar and political pundit who has ruffled feathers left and right, Fish here turns with customary gusto to the trouble with principle. Specifically, Fish has a quarrel with neutral principles. The trouble? They operate by sacrificing everything people care about to their own purity. And they are deployed with equal highmindedness and equally absurd results by liberals and conservatives alike. In this bracing book, Fish argues that there is no realm of higher order impartiality--no neutral or fair territory on which to stake a claim--and that those who invoke one are always making a rhetorical and political gesture. In the end, it is history and context, the very substance against which a purportedly abstract principle defines itself, that determines a principle's content and power. In the course of making this argument, Fish takes up questions about academic freedom and hate speech, affirmative action and multiculturalism, the boundaries between church and state, and much more. Sparing no one, he shows how our notions of intellectual and religious liberty--cherished by those at both ends of the political spectrum--are artifacts of the very partisan politics they supposedly transcend. The Trouble with Principle offers a provocative challenge to the debates of our day that no intellectually honest citizen can afford to ignore.
Book Synopsis Principles of Politics Applicable to All Governments by : Benjamin Constant
Download or read book Principles of Politics Applicable to All Governments written by Benjamin Constant and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Benjamin Constant (1767-1830) was born in Switzerland and became one of France's leading writers, as well as a journalist, philosopher, and politician. His colourful life included a formative stay at the University of Edinburgh; service at the court of Brunswick, Germany; election to the French Tribunate; and initial opposition and subsequent support for Napoleon, even the drafting of a constitution for the Hundred Days. Constant wrote many books, essays, and pamphlets. His deepest conviction was that reform is hugely superior to revolution, both morally and politically. While Constant's fluid, dynamic style and lofty eloquence do not always make for easy reading, his text forms a coherent whole, and in his translation Dennis O'Keeffe has focused on retaining the 'general elegance and subtle rhetoric' of the original. Sir Isaiah Berlin called Constant 'the most eloquent of all defenders of freedom and privacy' and believed to him we owe the notion of 'negative liberty', that is, what Biancamaria Fontana describes as "the protection of individual experience and choices from external interferences and constraints." To Constant it was relatively unimportant whether liberty was ultimately grounded in religion or metaphysics -- what mattered were the practical guarantees of practical freedom -- "autonomy in all those aspects of life that could cause no harm to others or to society as a whole." This translation is based on Etienne Hofmann's critical edition of Principes de politique (1980), complete with Constant's additions to the original work.
Book Synopsis Fleeting Agencies by : Arunima Datta
Download or read book Fleeting Agencies written by Arunima Datta and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-09-30 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Critically examines the agency and history of long-silenced coolie women and their role in colonial economy and transnational movements.
Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook Public Accountability by : M. A. P. Bovens
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook Public Accountability written by M. A. P. Bovens and published by Oxford Handbooks. This book was released on 2014-04 with total page 737 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing on the best scholars in the field from around the world, this handbook showcases conceptual and normative as well as the empirical approaches in public accountability studies.
