Presidential Influence And Environmental Policy

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Presidential Influence and Environmental Policy

Author : Robert A. Shanley
Publisher : Praeger
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Presidential Influence and Environmental Policy by : Robert A. Shanley

Download or read book Presidential Influence and Environmental Policy written by Robert A. Shanley and published by Praeger. This book was released on 1992-09-30 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study examines the administrative tools and techniques that U.S. presidents have used to influence environmental policy. A major portion of the book assesses current techniques and recent administrations, particularly Reagan, Carter, and Bush strategies. Experts, students, policymakers, and activists concerned with public policy and environmental issues will find this unique study invaluable for understanding the administrative procedures, the powers, and the limitations of the administrative presidency. Robert Shanley opens with a brief overview of how presidents have affected conservation policy in the first part of the century and then discusses the more complex environmental policymaking in recent administrations. Focusing on the Reagan administration, he shows how it controlled the flow of agency information and the gathering of statistical data to curb agency policy and enforcement, and then traces the reaction of Congress and the Federal Courts to these initiatives. He demonstrates how presidential executive orders may significantly affect environmental policy and then contrasts different perspectives of the Carter and Reagan administrations on risk assessment and on various agency programs. Shanley goes on to discuss Bush's record and his efforts to work out compromises between environmental and economic interests. Finally, Shanley posits that administrative procedures are often counter-productive in the long term. The book concludes with an overview of the resources at the disposal of presidents today and the problems confronting national leaders in initiating and shaping environmental policy.

The Environmental Presidency

Author : Dennis L. Soden
Publisher : SUNY Press
ISBN 13 : 9780791443002
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (43 download)

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Book Synopsis The Environmental Presidency by : Dennis L. Soden

Download or read book The Environmental Presidency written by Dennis L. Soden and published by SUNY Press. This book was released on 1999-09-16 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Environmental Presidency develops a systematic understanding of how presidents have influenced the development of environmental and natural resource policy through an examination of environmental behavior and interaction patterns between the president and the American people. Looking at five presidential roles -- Commander in Chief, Chief Diplomat, Opinion and Party Leader, Chief Legislator, and Chief Executive -- the authors show how the modern presidency has redefined the relative strengths of each role in response to the political salience of the environment.

White House Politics and the Environment

Author : Byron W. Daynes
Publisher : Texas A&M University Press
ISBN 13 : 1603442545
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis White House Politics and the Environment by : Byron W. Daynes

Download or read book White House Politics and the Environment written by Byron W. Daynes and published by Texas A&M University Press. This book was released on 2010-07-23 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presidents and their administrations since the 1960s have become increasingly active in environmental politics, despite their touted lack of expertise and their apparent frequent discomfort with the issue. In White House Politics and the Environment: Franklin D. Roosevelt to George W. Bush, Byron W. Daynes and Glen Sussman study the multitude of resources presidents can use in their attempts to set the public agenda. They also provide a framework for considering the environmental direction and impact of U.S. presidents during the last seven decades, permitting an assessment of each president in terms of how his administration either aided or hindered the advancement of environmental issues. Employing four factors—political communication, legislative leadership, administrative actions, and environmental diplomacy—as a matrix for examining the environmental records of the presidents, Daynes and Sussman’s analysis and discussion allow them to sort each of the twelve occupants of the White House included in this study into one of three categories, ranging from less to more environmentally friendly. Environmental leaders and public policy professionals will appreciate White House Politics and the Environment for its thorough and wide-ranging examination of how presidential resources have been brought to bear on environmental issues.

Presidential Administration and the Environment

Author : David M. Shafie
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136240527
Total Pages : 184 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (362 download)

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Book Synopsis Presidential Administration and the Environment by : David M. Shafie

Download or read book Presidential Administration and the Environment written by David M. Shafie and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-12-17 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After sweeping environmental legislation passed in the 1970s and 1980s, the 1990s ushered in an era when new legislation and reforms to existing laws were consistently caught up in a gridlock. In response, environmental groups became more specialized and professional, learning how to effect policy change through the courts, states, and federal agencies rather than through grassroots movements. Without a significantly mobilized public and with a generally uncooperative Congress, presidents since the 1990s have been forced to step into a new role of increasing presidential dominance over environmental policies. Rather than working with Congress, presidents instead have employed unilateral actions and administrative strategies to further their environmental goals. Presidential Administration and the Environment offers a detailed examination of the strategies and tools used by U.S. presidents. Using primary sources from presidential libraries such as speeches and staff communications, David M. Shafie analyzes how presidents such as Bill Clinton and George W. Bush have used alternative executive approaches to pass environmental policies. From there, Shafie presents case studies in land management, water policy, toxics, and climate change. He analyzes the role that executive leadership has played in passing policies within these four areas, explains how this role has changed over time, and concludes by investigating how Obama’s policies compare thus far with those of his predecessors. Shafie’s combination of qualitative content analysis and topical case studies offers scholars and researchers alike important insights for understanding the interactions between environmental groups and the executive branch and the implications for future policymaking in the United States.

Trump, the Administrative Presidency, and Federalism

Author : Frank J. Thompson
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
ISBN 13 : 081573820X
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (157 download)

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Book Synopsis Trump, the Administrative Presidency, and Federalism by : Frank J. Thompson

Download or read book Trump, the Administrative Presidency, and Federalism written by Frank J. Thompson and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2020-09-29 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How Trump has used the federal government to promote conservative policies The presidency of Donald Trump has been unique in many respects—most obviously his flamboyant personal style and disregard for conventional niceties and factual information. But one area hasn't received as much attention as it deserves: Trump's use of the “administrative presidency,” including executive orders and regulatory changes, to reverse the policies of his predecessor and advance positions that lack widespread support in Congress. This book analyzes the dynamics and unique qualities of Trump's administrative presidency in the important policy areas of health care, education, and climate change. In each of these spheres, the arrival of the Trump administration represented a hostile takeover in which White House policy goals departed sharply from the more “liberal” ideologies and objectives of key agencies, which had been embraced by the Obama administration. Three expert authors show how Trump has continued, and even expanded, the rise of executive branch power since the Reagan years. The authors intertwine this focus with an in-depth examination of how the Trump administration's hostile takeover has drastically changed key federal policies—and reshaped who gets what from government—in the areas of health care, education, and climate change. Readers interested in the institutions of American democracy and the nation's progress (or lack thereof) in dealing with pressing policy problems will find deep insights in this book. Of particular interest is the book's examination of how the Trump administration's actions have long-term implications for American democracy.

The Administrative Presidency and the Environment

Author : David M. Shafie
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0429947380
Total Pages : 182 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (299 download)

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Book Synopsis The Administrative Presidency and the Environment by : David M. Shafie

Download or read book The Administrative Presidency and the Environment written by David M. Shafie and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-03-24 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The growth of the administrative state and legislative gridlock has placed the White House at the center of environmental policymaking. Every recent president has continued the trend of relying upon administrative tools and unilateral actions to either advance or roll back environmental protection policies. From natural resources to climate change and pollution control, presidents have more been willing to test the limits of their authority, and the role of Congress has been one of reacting to presidential initiatives. In The Administrative Presidency and the Environment: Policy Leadership and Retrenchment from Clinton to Trump, David M. Shafie draws upon staff communications, speeches and other primary sources. Key features include detailed case studies in public land management, water quality, toxics, and climate policy, with particular attention to the role of science in decisionmaking. Finally, he identifies the techniques from previous administrations that made Trump’s administrative presidency possible. Shafie’s combination of qualitative analysis and topical case studies offers advanced undergraduate students and researchers alike important insights for understanding the interactions between environmental groups and the executive branch as well as implications for future policymaking.

The President's Environmental Program

Author : United States. President
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 76 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis The President's Environmental Program by : United States. President

Download or read book The President's Environmental Program written by United States. President and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Environmental Politics and Policy

Author : Walter A. Rosenbaum
Publisher : CQ Press
ISBN 13 : 154435827X
Total Pages : 281 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (443 download)

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Book Synopsis Environmental Politics and Policy by : Walter A. Rosenbaum

Download or read book Environmental Politics and Policy written by Walter A. Rosenbaum and published by CQ Press. This book was released on 2019-08-06 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Walter A. Rosenbaum’s classic Environmental Politics and Policy provides definitive coverage of environmental politics and policy, lively case material, and a balanced assessment of current environmental issues. The first half of the book sets needed context and describes the policy process while the second half covers specific environmental issues such as air and water; toxic and hazardous substances; energy; and a global policymaking chapter focused on climate change and trans-boundary politics. The eleventh edition includes updates on the Trump administration′s initiatives and controversies with regard to environmental policy, offering the currency and relevancy needed for any environmental politics course.

Painting the White House Green

Author : Randall Lutter
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136526978
Total Pages : 223 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (365 download)

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Book Synopsis Painting the White House Green by : Randall Lutter

Download or read book Painting the White House Green written by Randall Lutter and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-09-30 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presidents, like kings, lead cloistered lives. Protecting the president from too much isolation are advisers and aides who help ensure that the administration achieves its policy goals while enjoying broad political support. In economics and environmental policy, where disagreement among stakeholders and expert opinion is especially strong, the president needs good advice about political strategy, as well as unbiased information about the substance of policy issues. It is the latter need that the Council of Economic Advisers (CEA) is intended to address. Painting the White House Green collects personal essays by eight Senior Staff Economists for Environmental and Natural Resource Policy who worked within the CEA from 1992 to 2002. These authors confirm the council's 'severe' view of many environmental initiatives, a perspective that led President Clinton to label his economic advisers as 'lemon suckers.' At the same time, they demonstrate that the emphasis on efficiency was to offer more effective environmental protection at lower cost. Thinking 'green' meant thinking consistently about both economics and the environment. The essays in this innovative book present lively debates on clean air, climate change, and electricity deregulation that pitted economists at CEA, the Office of Management and Budget, and often the Treasury Department, against political advisers in the White House and officials at EPA and other agencies. The essays present vivid portraits of the power plays involved in environmental policymaking, rare insights into presidential decisionmaking, and revealing details of the ways that economic thinking influences-or is neglected-in a wide range of policy decisions.

Environmental Politics

Author : Norman Miller
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9781566705523
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (55 download)

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Book Synopsis Environmental Politics by : Norman Miller

Download or read book Environmental Politics written by Norman Miller and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-08-31 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At every stage, environmental policy is the result of the combat of stakeholders interested in, and affected by, the problem being addressed and the range of possible solutions. The combatants include any or all of the following: the federal government, environmental advocacy groups, and business, the media, the scientific community, think tanks, NGOs of every stripe, trade associations and professional organizations, and even state and local governments, each of whom have their own interests in the resulting policy. Environmental Politics: Interest Groups, the Media, and the Making of Policy discusses political battles over the environment from ground level - as they are fought in legislative chambers, the daily newspaper, on television, and, increasingly, on the Internet. The text explores environmental politics as a clash of interests, not ideologies, and environmental policy as a result of the reconciliation of those interests. The author covers not only the conventional aspects of the policymaking process but more recent and less recognized elements and developments such as: Proliferation of legislative riders and monument designations as major environmental strategies Evolving role of the media, from science popularizer to agenda setter Growing influence on both Congress and the public of conservative and libertarian foundations and think tanks Devolution of environmental power from the Federal to state governments Metamorphosis of EPA in a business-driven regulatory revolution Effect of globalization on US environmental policy Newly emerging role of the precautionary principle in marrying science and politics Increasing role of the Internet in promoting populist issues and promoting the decentralization of the environmental power structure No other book covers the politics of the environment the way this one does. Written by an expert with 25 years of experience in environmental policymaking, Environmental Politics: Interest Groups, the Media, and the Making of Policy gives you an insider's view of how policies are forged. By examining these issues through an interest group lens, this book not only accounts for what policies have been adopted but also shows how you can influence policy and effect change.

Does the President Matter? Presidential Environmental Performance in the USA and Its Impact on Green Groups

Author : Lars Dittmer
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3640273826
Total Pages : 69 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (42 download)

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Book Synopsis Does the President Matter? Presidential Environmental Performance in the USA and Its Impact on Green Groups by : Lars Dittmer

Download or read book Does the President Matter? Presidential Environmental Performance in the USA and Its Impact on Green Groups written by Lars Dittmer and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2009-02-25 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2008 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Region: USA, grade: 1,0, University of Potsdam (Wirtschafts- und sozialwissenschaftliche Fakultät), course: Interessenverbände in den USA, language: English, abstract: Preservation in all its facets in the United States stretches back over more than hundred years and over large parts of this period has enjoyed considerable support by public and politics. However, two decades after World War II, "as the nation shifted from an industrial to a postindustrial (or postmaterialist) society" (Vig and Kraft: 9), national environmental groups have redefined their societal position. Organisations that had started as sometimes lose associations of anglers, hikers or birdwatchers, like the Sierra Club or the National Audobon Society, now formulated political stances taking into account a globalising world; after sometimes narrow-minded "Not in my backyard" projects and local initiatives of all kinds now consciousness for global issues like rain forest deforestation and climate warming arose. Preservation became environmentalism. (...) Also the scholar Rik Scarce reports skyrocketing membership figures in the environmental organisations during the Reagan years, a fact that will be highlighted later in this paper (22). It now could seem reasonable to argue that these new conditions were ideal for the movement - a clear enemy, topics that were neglected by the government and a seemingly consistent support from the public - but is that so easy? This term paper wants to find out if patterns of relationships between environmental groups and presidents in the United States exist. The points I will elaborate on in the body of my paper will include membership of the groups, foundation of new groups, radicalisation of the movement and public and financial support. I am basing my research on several assumptions - if a Presidency X fulfils the requirements Y, Z will happen to environmental groups. In t

Business and Environmental Policy

Author : Michael E. Kraft
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262286920
Total Pages : 373 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (622 download)

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Book Synopsis Business and Environmental Policy by : Michael E. Kraft

Download or read book Business and Environmental Policy written by Michael E. Kraft and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2007-02-23 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is well known that American businesses make an effort to influence environmental policy by attempting to set the political agenda and to influence regulations and legislation. This book examines what is not so well known: the extent to which business succeeds in its policy interventions. In Business and Environmental Policy, a team of distinguished scholars systematically analyzes corporate influence at all stages of the policy process, focusing on the factors that determine the success or failure of business lobbying in Congress, state legislatures, local governments, federal and state agencies, and the courts. These experts consider whether business influence is effectively counterbalanced by the efforts of environmental groups, public opinion, and other forces. The book also examines the use of the media to influence public opinion—as in the battle over drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge—and corporations' efforts to sway elections by making campaign contributions. Because the book goes well beyond the existing literature—much of which is narrow, descriptive, and anecdotal—to provide broad-based empirical evidence of corporate influence on environmental policy, it makes an original and important contribution and is appropriate for a variety of undergraduate and graduate courses.

Presidents and the American Environment

Author : Otis L. Graham, Jr.
Publisher : University Press of Kansas
ISBN 13 : 0700620982
Total Pages : 424 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (6 download)

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Book Synopsis Presidents and the American Environment by : Otis L. Graham, Jr.

Download or read book Presidents and the American Environment written by Otis L. Graham, Jr. and published by University Press of Kansas. This book was released on 2015-06-23 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1891 Benjamin Harrison, the first president engaged in conservation, had to have this new area of public policy explained to him by members of the Boone and Crockett Club. This didn’t take long, as he was only asked to sign a few papers setting aside federal timberland. But from such small moments great social movements grow, and the course of natural resource protection policy through 22 presidents has altered Americans’ relationship to the natural world in then almost unimaginable ways. Presidents and the American Environment charts this course. Exploring the ways in which every president from Harrison to Obama has engaged the expanding agenda of the Nature protection impulse, the book offers a clear, close-up view of the shifting and nation shaping mosaic of both “green” and “brown” policy directions over more than a century. While the history of conservation generally focuses on the work of intellectuals such as Muir, Leopold, and Carson, such efforts could only succeed or fail on a large scale with the involvement of the government, and it is this side of the story that Presidents and the American Environment tells. On the one hand, we find a ready environmental engagement, as in Theodore Roosevelt’s establishment of Pelican Island bird refuge upon being informed that the Constitution did not explicitly forbid it. On the other hand, we have leaders like Calvin Coolidge, playing hide-and-seek games in the Oval Office while ignoring reports of coastal industrial pollution. The book moves from early cautious sponsors of the idea of preserving public lands to crusaders like Theodore Roosevelt, from the environmental implications of the New Deal to the politics of pollution in the boom times of the forties and fifties, from the emergence of “environmentalism” to recent presidential detractors of the cause. From Harrison’s act, which established the American system of National Forests, to Barack Obama’s efforts on curbing climate change, presidents have mattered as they resisted or used the ever-changing tools and objectives of environmentalism. In fact, with a near even split between “browns” and “greens” over those 22 administrations, the role of president has often been decisive. How, and how much, distinguished historian Otis L. Graham, Jr., describes in in full for the first time, in this important contribution to American environmental history.

Environmental Policy

Author : Norman J. Vig
Publisher : CQ Press
ISBN 13 : 1506383475
Total Pages : 457 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (63 download)

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Book Synopsis Environmental Policy by : Norman J. Vig

Download or read book Environmental Policy written by Norman J. Vig and published by CQ Press. This book was released on 2017-12-14 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Authoritative and trusted, Environmental Policy once again brings together top scholars to evaluate the changes and continuities in American environmental policy since the late 1960s and their implications for the twenty-first century. Students will learn to decipher the underlying trends, institutional constraints, and policy dilemmas that shape today’s environmental politics. The Tenth Edition examines how policy has changed within federal institutions and state and local governments, as well as how environmental governance affects private sector policies and practices. The book provides in-depth examinations of public policy dilemmas including fracking, food production, urban sustainability, and the viability of using market solutions to address policy challenges. Students will also develop a deeper understanding of global issues such as climate change governance, the implications of the Paris Agreement, and the role of environmental policy in the developing world. Students walk away with a measured yet hopeful evaluation of the future challenges policymakers will confront as the American environmental movement continues to affect the political process.

U.S. Climate Policy: Change of Power = Change of Heart - New Presidential Order vs. Laws & Actions of the Former President

Author : White House
Publisher : e-artnow
ISBN 13 : 8026876148
Total Pages : 149 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (268 download)

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Book Synopsis U.S. Climate Policy: Change of Power = Change of Heart - New Presidential Order vs. Laws & Actions of the Former President by : White House

Download or read book U.S. Climate Policy: Change of Power = Change of Heart - New Presidential Order vs. Laws & Actions of the Former President written by White House and published by e-artnow. This book was released on 2017-04-06 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The new climate policy of the United States was introduced when President Donald Trump signed an Executive order on "Promoting Energy Independence and Economic Growth" on March 28th 2017. This Order completely annulets climate policy of the former President Barack Obama. Get a direct insight in a complete climate policy and plans of Barack Obama, together with the changes made by the new President. This collection will display the straightforward impartial information through the concrete government documents and legislation. Contents: Barack Obama's Climate Policies: Climate and Energy Accomplishment Barack Obama's Climate Action Plan Discretionary Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement to Modernize the Federal Coal Program Executive Orders: Preparing the United States for the Impacts of Climate Change Planning for Federal Sustainability in the Next Decade Presidential Memorandum: Climate Change and National Security Paris Agreement Donald Trump's Climate Policies: Executive Order: Promoting Energy Independence and Economic Growth Remarks by President Trump at Signing of Executive Order to Create Energy Independence

Environmental Politics and Policy

Author : Walter A. Rosenbaum
Publisher : CQ Press
ISBN 13 : 1506345387
Total Pages : 387 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (63 download)

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Book Synopsis Environmental Politics and Policy by : Walter A. Rosenbaum

Download or read book Environmental Politics and Policy written by Walter A. Rosenbaum and published by CQ Press. This book was released on 2016-08-01 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Walter A. Rosenbaum’s classic Environmental Politics and Policy, Tenth Edition once again provides definitive coverage of environmental politics and policy, lively case material, and a balanced assessment of current environmental issues. The first half of the book sets needed context and describes the policy process while the second half covers specific environmental issues such as air and water; toxic and hazardous substances; energy; and a global policymaking chapter focused on climate change and transboundary politics. Covering major environmental policy initiatives and controversies during President Obama's two terms and capturing the sudden and radical changes occurring in the American energy economy, this Tenth Edition offers the needed currency and relevancy for any environmental politics course.

Environmental Policy and Politics

Author : Michael E. Kraft
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 131543704X
Total Pages : 421 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (154 download)

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Book Synopsis Environmental Policy and Politics by : Michael E. Kraft

Download or read book Environmental Policy and Politics written by Michael E. Kraft and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2017-07-06 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering global threats such as climate change, population growth, and loss of biodiversity, as well as national, state, and local problems of environmental pollution, energy use, and natural resource use and conservation, Environmental Policy and Politics provides a comprehensive overview of U.S. policymaking processes, the legislative and administrative settings for policy decisions, the role of interest groups and public opinion in environmental politics, and the public policies that result. It helps readers understand modern environmental policy and its implications, including the need for a comprehensive and integrated approach to problem-solving. New to the Seventh Edition Each chapter includes the latest information about environmental challenges and governmental responses to them, with extensive citation of sources and websites that allow students to find the most recent studies and reports. Each chapter covers key political and policy decisions through early 2017, including presidential appointments, budgetary decisions, major legislative initiatives, and congressional actions. Each chapter introduction includes new statements about learning objectives to facilitate student understanding of key concepts and their applications, arguments advanced over environmental challenges and policies, and the goals and methods of environmental policy analysis. Chapters compare decisions about major environmental, energy, and natural resource policies among the presidential administrations of George W. Bush, Barack Obama, and Donald Trump, to the extent possible. Each chapter’s case studies have been changed or updated to include the latest developments and examples that should improve their appeal to students. These include controversies over the Keystone XL and Dakota Access pipelines, the EPA’s Clean Power Plan and new fuel economy standards, new policies on toxic chemicals, the role of environmental and energy policies in the 2016 elections, changes in the nation’s reliance on energy resources, standards for evaluating environmental and resource policies, and the Paris Agreement on climate change. Summaries of scientific studies, government reports, and policy analyses have been updated throughout the text to reflect the most current research and information in the field. All chapters include revised discussion questions and new suggested readings. The writing and flow of material have been improved throughout to make the chapters more accessible and useful to students.