Potential Gdp Growth In Venezuela

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Potential GDP Growth in Venezuela

Author : Mario A. Cuevas
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 28 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Potential GDP Growth in Venezuela by : Mario A. Cuevas

Download or read book Potential GDP Growth in Venezuela written by Mario A. Cuevas and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2002 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Real GDP and oil prices are decomposed into common stochastic trend and cycle processes using structural time series models. Potential real GDP is represented by the level of the trend component of real GDP. The potential rate of growth of real GDP is represented by the stochastic drift element of the trend component. Cuevas finds that there is a strong association at the trend and cycle frequencies between real GDP and the real price of oil. This association is also robust in the presence of key economic policy variables. From 1970-80, when the underlying annual rate of increase of the real price of oil was 12 percent, the underlying annual rate of increase of potential GDP in Venezuela was 2.6 percent. By contrast, from 1981-2000 when the underlying rate of increase of the real price of oil was -5 percent, the underlying growth rate of potential GDP fell 1.5 percent. However, the strength of association between the underlying growth of oil prices and real GDP has fallen considerably since the early 1980s, suggesting that oil cannot be relied on as an engine for future growth in Venezuela. This paper"a product of the Colombia, Mexico, and Venezuela Country Management Unit, Latin America and the Caribbean Region"is part of a larger effort in the region to encourage research on macroeconomic issues. The author may be contacted at mcuevas@@worldbank.org.

Potential GDP Growth in Venezuela

Author : Mario A. Cuevas
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)

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Book Synopsis Potential GDP Growth in Venezuela by : Mario A. Cuevas

Download or read book Potential GDP Growth in Venezuela written by Mario A. Cuevas and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Real GDP and oil prices are decomposed into common stochastic trend and cycle processes using structural time series models. Potential real GDP is represented by the level of the trend component of real GDP. The potential rate of growth of real GDP is represented by the stochastic drift element of the trend component. Cuevas finds that there is a strong association at the trend and cycle frequencies between real GDP and the real price of oil. This association is also robust in the presence of key economic policy variables. From 1970-80, when the underlying annual rate of increase of the real price of oil was 12 percent, the underlying annual rate of increase of potential GDP in Venezuela was 2.6 percent. By contrast, from 1981-2000 when the underlying rate of increase of the real price of oil was -5 percent, the underlying growth rate of potential GDP fell 1.5 percent. However, the strength of association between the underlying growth of oil prices and real GDP has fallen considerably since the early 1980s, suggesting that oil cannot be relied on as an engine for future growth in Venezuela. This paper - a product of the Colombia, Mexico, and Venezuela Country Management Unit, Latin America and the Caribbean Region - is part of a larger effort in the region to encourage research on macroeconomic issues.

Venezuela. Economic Structure, Economic Policy and International Economic Relations

Author : Lena B.
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3668509352
Total Pages : 47 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (685 download)

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Book Synopsis Venezuela. Economic Structure, Economic Policy and International Economic Relations by : Lena B.

Download or read book Venezuela. Economic Structure, Economic Policy and International Economic Relations written by Lena B. and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2017-08-23 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2015 in the subject Economics - International Economic Relations, grade: 1,3, Wiesbaden University of Applied Sciences (Wiesbaden Business School), language: English, abstract: This paper is about the South American country Venezuela. It starts by giving a basic overview, followed by the Economic Policy. Venezuela is still a developing country, so there is information about the development policy efforts to improve. Furthermore I wrote about the grade of governmental interference in economy and how the Venezuelan government carries out fiscal, monetary and foreign exchange policy. In the fourth chapter, you learn about the current macroeconomic situation concerning the GDP situation, unemployment and especially about the extremely high inflation. After that the economic structure of Venezuela is described by subdividing it to the agricultural, industrial and service sector and a conclusion about the most significant branch in Venezuela, the oil industry. In the sixth chapter the international economic relations of Venezuela are presented by showing the main trade partners and the products which exchanged. Moreover the attractiveness for FDI is examined and I give a description about the reasons for emigration and besides about Venezuela’s participation in customs unions and free trade areas. I conclude the paper by giving my personal opinion about Venezuela’s major problems and potentials.

Venezuela Before Chávez

Author : Ricardo Hausmann
Publisher : Penn State Press
ISBN 13 : 0271064641
Total Pages : 549 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis Venezuela Before Chávez by : Ricardo Hausmann

Download or read book Venezuela Before Chávez written by Ricardo Hausmann and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 2015-06-13 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the beginning of the twentieth century, Venezuela had one of the poorest economies in Latin America, but by 1970 it had become the richest country in the region and one of the twenty richest countries in the world, ahead of countries such as Greece, Israel, and Spain. Between 1978 and 2001, however, Venezuela’s economy went sharply in reverse, with non-oil GDP declining by almost 19 percent and oil GDP by an astonishing 65 percent. What accounts for this drastic turnabout? The editors of Venezuela Before Chávez, who each played a policymaking role in the country’s economy during the past two decades, have brought together a group of economists and political scientists to examine systematically the impact of a wide range of factors affecting the economy’s collapse, from the cost of labor regulation and the development of financial markets to the weakening of democratic governance and the politics of decisions about industrial policy. Aside from the editors, the contributors are Omar Bello, Adriana Bermúdez, Matías Braun, Javier Corrales, Jonathan Di John, Rafael Di Tella, Javier Donna, Samuel Freije, Dan Levy, Robert MacCulloch, Osmel Manzano, Francisco Monaldi, María Antonia Moreno, Daniel Ortega, Michael Penfold, José Pineda, Lant Pritchett, Cameron A. Shelton, and Dean Yang.

OECD Economic Outlook

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1046 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (111 download)

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Book Synopsis OECD Economic Outlook by :

Download or read book OECD Economic Outlook written by and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 1046 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Economic Development and the World Trade Organization After Doha

Author : Bernard Hoekman
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Economic Development and the World Trade Organization After Doha by : Bernard Hoekman

Download or read book Economic Development and the World Trade Organization After Doha written by Bernard Hoekman and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2002 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Hoekman analyzes what actions could be taken in the context of the World Trade Organization's Doha negotiations to assist countries in reaping benefits from deeper trade integration. He discusses the policy agenda that confronts many developing countries and identifies a number of focal points that could be used both as targets and as benchmarks to increase the likelihood that WTO negotiations will support development. To achieve these targets, Hoekman proposes a number of negotiating modalities for both goods and services-related market access issues, as well as rule-making in regulatory areas. Throughout the analysis, the author refers to the work of J. Michael Finger, whose numerous writings in this area have not only greatly influenced the thinking of policymakers and researchers on the interaction between trade policy, economic development, and the GATT/WTO trading system, but also provides a model for how to pursue effective policy research. This paper--a product of Trade, Development Research Group--is part of a larger effort in the group to analyze the development aspects of WTO rules. The author may be contacted at [email protected].

Regional Economic Outlook, October 2019, Western Hemisphere Department

Author : International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1513516965
Total Pages : 35 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis Regional Economic Outlook, October 2019, Western Hemisphere Department by : International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.

Download or read book Regional Economic Outlook, October 2019, Western Hemisphere Department written by International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-10-28 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The global economy has slowed, with important consequences for growth prospects in Latin America and the Caribbean. The slowdown in economic activity has been broad-based among advanced economies and more pronounced in emerging markets and developing economies, partly reflecting trade and geopolitical tensions. Global growth is projected to decline to the lowest level since the global financial crises, before recovering in 2020. More importantly, growth is projected to decline in 2019–20 in the United States and China, which are LAC’s two main trading partners. The ongoing sluggishness of global growth and trade is affecting export growth in LAC, posing significant headwinds to the outlook. External demand for the region remains subdued, with trading partner growth (including China, Europe, other LAC countries, and the United States) projected to decline in 2019, before recovering modestly over the medium term. Moreover, commodity prices (notably energy and metals), key drivers of growth in LAC in the past, are projected to decline with a likely modest negative impact on regional growth going forward.

Regional Economic Outlook, May 2013, Western Hemisphere

Author : International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1484347927
Total Pages : 66 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (843 download)

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Book Synopsis Regional Economic Outlook, May 2013, Western Hemisphere by : International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.

Download or read book Regional Economic Outlook, May 2013, Western Hemisphere written by International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2013-05-06 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite some global risks, external conditions for Latin America should remain stimulative. With monetary policy in advanced economies expected to stay accommodative, external financing conditions will remain favorable. Strong demand from emerging Asian economies and the gradual recovery of advanced economies will continue to support commodity prices, benefiting exporters. The main policy challenge for most of the region is to take advantage of current conditions to continue buttressing a foundation for sustained growth. Other issues important to the region include: (i) strengthening balance sheets; (ii) understanding how changes in external conditions could impact public and external debt dynamics; and (iii) making the best use of the windfall from the recent terms-of-trade boom.

Introduction to Venezuela

Author : Gilad James, PhD
Publisher : Gilad James Mystery School
ISBN 13 : 0190151684
Total Pages : 87 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Introduction to Venezuela by : Gilad James, PhD

Download or read book Introduction to Venezuela written by Gilad James, PhD and published by Gilad James Mystery School. This book was released on with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Venezuela is located on the northern coast of South America, covering an area of approximately 916,445 square kilometers. The country is known for its vast oil reserves, tropical climate, diverse wildlife, and beautiful landscapes. The population of the country is estimated to be around 28.5 million people, with majority of the population living in the urban areas. The official language spoken in Venezuela is Spanish and the currency is Bolivar. Despite being rich in natural resources, Venezuela has been struggling with political and economic turmoil in recent years. The country has been plagued with hyperinflation, political unrest, and shortages of basic necessities such as food and medicine. The current president, Nicolas Maduro, has been accused of authoritarianism and human rights violations, leading to widespread protests and international criticism. The future of Venezuela remains uncertain as the country continues to grapple with a challenging economic and political situation.

External Conditions and Debt Sustainability in Latin America

Author : Gustavo Adler
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1475555172
Total Pages : 53 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (755 download)

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Book Synopsis External Conditions and Debt Sustainability in Latin America by : Gustavo Adler

Download or read book External Conditions and Debt Sustainability in Latin America written by Gustavo Adler and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2013-01-30 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Highly favorable external conditions have helped Latin America strengthen its economic fundamentals over the last decade. But, has the region built enough buffers to guard itself from a weakening of the external environment? This paper addresses this question by developing a simple framework that integrates econometric estimates of the effect of global factors on key domestic variables that determine public and external debt dynamics, with the IMF‘s standard debt sustainability framework. Results suggest that, while some countries in the region are well placed to withstand moderate or even large shocks, many would benefit from having stronger buffers to be in a position to deploy countercyclical policies, especially under tail events. External sustainability, on the other hand, does not appear to be a source of concern for most countries.

Global Trends 2040

Author : National Intelligence Council
Publisher : Cosimo Reports
ISBN 13 : 9781646794973
Total Pages : 158 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (949 download)

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Book Synopsis Global Trends 2040 by : National Intelligence Council

Download or read book Global Trends 2040 written by National Intelligence Council and published by Cosimo Reports. This book was released on 2021-03 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic marks the most significant, singular global disruption since World War II, with health, economic, political, and security implications that will ripple for years to come." -Global Trends 2040 (2021) Global Trends 2040-A More Contested World (2021), released by the US National Intelligence Council, is the latest report in its series of reports starting in 1997 about megatrends and the world's future. This report, strongly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, paints a bleak picture of the future and describes a contested, fragmented and turbulent world. It specifically discusses the four main trends that will shape tomorrow's world: - Demographics-by 2040, 1.4 billion people will be added mostly in Africa and South Asia. - Economics-increased government debt and concentrated economic power will escalate problems for the poor and middleclass. - Climate-a hotter world will increase water, food, and health insecurity. - Technology-the emergence of new technologies could both solve and cause problems for human life. Students of trends, policymakers, entrepreneurs, academics, journalists and anyone eager for a glimpse into the next decades, will find this report, with colored graphs, essential reading.

Fiscal Space

Author : Rathin Roy
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136565671
Total Pages : 523 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (365 download)

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Book Synopsis Fiscal Space by : Rathin Roy

Download or read book Fiscal Space written by Rathin Roy and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-05-31 with total page 523 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the deadline for achieving the 2015 Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) less than a decade away, the uneven progress is raising important questions about the ability of the international community to 'scale up' its efforts to finance the goals. Securing adequate financing for development has thus become the most pressing issue of the development agenda. This groundbreaking volume, by leading development economists and practitioners, addresses the central concern for policymakers involved in long term planning for the MDGs: how to create 'fiscal space' for the MDGs and strengthen domestic resource mobilization for human development, while ensuring long-term sustainability and freedom from reliance on aid. By looking at the evidence with fresh perspectives, the authors present a novel approach by which fiscal policy can be made to work for the poor, for the long term. Published with UNDP and Revenue Watch.

Macroeconomics

Author : Douglas McTaggart
Publisher : Pearson Higher Education AU
ISBN 13 : 1486003621
Total Pages : 398 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (86 download)

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Book Synopsis Macroeconomics by : Douglas McTaggart

Download or read book Macroeconomics written by Douglas McTaggart and published by Pearson Higher Education AU. This book was released on 2012-10-04 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High quality, engaging content for students…ultimate flexibility for educators The seventh edition of this benchmark Australian text continues to offer students a comprehensive and relevant introduction to economics whilst offering educators the ability to customise and deliver content – your way. Economics 7th edition provides a streamlined approach to study and recognises the difficulties some students may face in comprehending key concepts. By leaving the more technical content and application until later, students can enjoy the more exciting policy material from the beginning and engage with the content early. Through compelling examples, clear explanations and the latest instructive on-line resources, the text draws students into the content and reinforces learning through practice and solving problems which are relevant to them. The authors train students to think about issues in the way real economists do, and learn how to explore difficult policy problems and make more informed decisions by offering a clear introduction to theory and applying the concepts to today’s events, news, and research.

U.S.-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement: Potential Economy-Wide and Selected Sectoral Effects, Inv. TA-2104-20

Author :
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 145781904X
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (578 download)

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Book Synopsis U.S.-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement: Potential Economy-Wide and Selected Sectoral Effects, Inv. TA-2104-20 by :

Download or read book U.S.-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement: Potential Economy-Wide and Selected Sectoral Effects, Inv. TA-2104-20 written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Post-covid Asia: Deglobalization, Fourth Industrial Revolution, And Sustainable Development

Author : Hyun-hoon Lee
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 981122899X
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (112 download)

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Book Synopsis Post-covid Asia: Deglobalization, Fourth Industrial Revolution, And Sustainable Development by : Hyun-hoon Lee

Download or read book Post-covid Asia: Deglobalization, Fourth Industrial Revolution, And Sustainable Development written by Hyun-hoon Lee and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2020-12-07 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been an unprecedented, once-in-a-century gamechanger for the world. The central focus of Post-COVID Asia is the new world that will emerge after the coronavirus. In particular, this book explores how deglobalization will proceed in the post-COVID world and what kind of impact deglobalization will have on Asian economies. After all, in the last few decades, Asia has leveraged globalization to become the world's fastest-growing, most dynamic region. Therefore, an urgent challenge facing Asian economies is to figure out how to survive and thrive when the globalization which served them so well is giving way to deglobalization.Opportunities have emerged for Asian economies amid the winding down of the third wave of globalization. In fact, the next wave of globalization is already beginning to take shape, in tandem with the Fourth Industrial Revolution, which is full of exciting new technologies. This book offers insights that would help governments, companies and people in Asia to ride the next wave of globalization to power their prosperity.

Latin America

Author : Ms.Dora M. Iakova
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1484301544
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (843 download)

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Book Synopsis Latin America by : Ms.Dora M. Iakova

Download or read book Latin America written by Ms.Dora M. Iakova and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2014-12-23 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past fifteen years countries in Latin America made tremendous progress in strengthening their economies and improving living standards. Although output fell temporarily during the global financial crisis, most economies staged a rapid recovery. However, economic activity across the region has been cooling off and the region is facing a more challenging period ahead. This book argues that Latin America can rise to the challenge, and policymakers in the region are already implementing reforms in education, energy, and other sectors. More is needed, and more is possible, in Latin America’s quest to continue to improve living standards.

Agromyzidae (Diptera) of Economic Importance

Author : K.A. Spencer
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401706832
Total Pages : 426 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Agromyzidae (Diptera) of Economic Importance by : K.A. Spencer

Download or read book Agromyzidae (Diptera) of Economic Importance written by K.A. Spencer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The original stimulus which started KENNETH SPENCER on a study of the Agro myzid flies was an invitation, which he accepted, to translate from the German the monograph on Leaf Miners by Professor E. M. HERING. From this developed nearly 20 years of collaboration until Professor HERING's death in 1967. Dr. SPENCER has himself described over 600 new species in the family, many of which he collected and reared from known host plants during his extensive travels to all the five main continents. Largely as a result of his work, the number of species known in Britain has increased from 90 in 1945 to 313 today. He is thus uniquely qualified to write this book about the hundred and fifty or so species which are regularly associated with cultivated plants. Much of the taxonomic detail provided here will be of value primarily to specialists; but with the help of a microscope and the botanical host list (Chapter 2) and the numerous illustrations (mostly prepared by ANN SPENCER) those in agri cultural institutes and elsewhere should now be able to identify the majority of species found attacking crops in any part of the world.