Polyploidy And Genome Evolution

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Polyploidy and Genome Evolution

Author : Pamela Soltis
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642314414
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (423 download)

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Book Synopsis Polyploidy and Genome Evolution by : Pamela Soltis

Download or read book Polyploidy and Genome Evolution written by Pamela Soltis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-10-03 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polyploidy – whole-genome duplication (WGD) – is a fundamental driver of biodiversity with significant consequences for genome structure, organization, and evolution. Once considered a speciation process common only in plants, polyploidy is now recognized to have played a major role in the structure, gene content, and evolution of most eukaryotic genomes. In fact, the diversity of eukaryotes seems closely tied to multiple WGDs. Polyploidy generates new genomic interactions – initially resulting in “genomic and transcriptomic shock” – that must be resolved in a new polyploid lineage. This process essentially acts as a “reset” button, resulting in genomic changes that may ultimately promote adaptive speciation. This book brings together for the first time the conceptual and theoretical underpinnings of polyploid genome evolution with syntheses of the patterns and processes of genome evolution in diverse polyploid groups. Because polyploidy is most common and best studied in plants, the book emphasizes plant models, but recent studies of vertebrates and fungi are providing fresh perspectives on factors that allow polyploid speciation and shape polyploid genomes. The emerging paradigm is that polyploidy – through alterations in genome structure and gene regulation – generates genetic and phenotypic novelty that manifests itself at the chromosomal, physiological, and organismal levels, with long-term ecological and evolutionary consequences.

Polyploidy and Genome Evolution

Author : Pamela S. Soltis
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642314422
Total Pages : 420 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (423 download)

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Book Synopsis Polyploidy and Genome Evolution by : Pamela S. Soltis

Download or read book Polyploidy and Genome Evolution written by Pamela S. Soltis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-10-03 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polyploidy – whole-genome duplication (WGD) – is a fundamental driver of biodiversity with significant consequences for genome structure, organization, and evolution. Once considered a speciation process common only in plants, polyploidy is now recognized to have played a major role in the structure, gene content, and evolution of most eukaryotic genomes. In fact, the diversity of eukaryotes seems closely tied to multiple WGDs. Polyploidy generates new genomic interactions – initially resulting in “genomic and transcriptomic shock” – that must be resolved in a new polyploid lineage. This process essentially acts as a “reset” button, resulting in genomic changes that may ultimately promote adaptive speciation. This book brings together for the first time the conceptual and theoretical underpinnings of polyploid genome evolution with syntheses of the patterns and processes of genome evolution in diverse polyploid groups. Because polyploidy is most common and best studied in plants, the book emphasizes plant models, but recent studies of vertebrates and fungi are providing fresh perspectives on factors that allow polyploid speciation and shape polyploid genomes. The emerging paradigm is that polyploidy – through alterations in genome structure and gene regulation – generates genetic and phenotypic novelty that manifests itself at the chromosomal, physiological, and organismal levels, with long-term ecological and evolutionary consequences.

Polyploid and Hybrid Genomics

Author : Z. Jeffrey Chen
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118552849
Total Pages : 646 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (185 download)

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Book Synopsis Polyploid and Hybrid Genomics by : Z. Jeffrey Chen

Download or read book Polyploid and Hybrid Genomics written by Z. Jeffrey Chen and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-04-05 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polyploidy plays an important role in biological diversity, trait improvement, and plant species survival. Understanding the evolutionary phenomenon of polyploidy is a key challenge for plant and crop scientists. This book is made up of contributions from leading researchers in the field from around the world, providing a truly global review of the subject. Providing broad-ranging coverage, and up-to-date information from some of the world’s leading researchers, this book is an invaluable resource for geneticists, plant and crop scientists, and evolutionary biologists.

Plant Genome Diversity Volume 2

Author : Johann Greilhuber
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3709111609
Total Pages : 360 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Plant Genome Diversity Volume 2 by : Johann Greilhuber

Download or read book Plant Genome Diversity Volume 2 written by Johann Greilhuber and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-11-13 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second of two volumes on Plant Genome Diversity provides, in 20 chapters, insights into the structural evolution of plant genomes with all its variations. Starting with an outline of plant phylogeny and its reconstruction, the second part of the volume describes the architecture and dynamics of the plant cell nucleus, the third examines the evolution and diversity of the karyotype in various lineages, including angiosperms, gymnosperms and monilophytes. The fourth part presents the mechanisms of polyploidization and its biological consequences and significance for land plant evolution. The fifth part deals with genome size evolution and its biological significance. Together with Volume I, this comprehensive book on the plant genome is intended for students and professionals in all fields of plant science, offering as it does a convenient entry into a burgeoning literature in a fast-moving field.

Plant Molecular Evolution

Author : J.J. Doyle
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401142211
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Plant Molecular Evolution by : J.J. Doyle

Download or read book Plant Molecular Evolution written by J.J. Doyle and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant molecular biology has produced an ever-increasing flood of data about genes and genomes. Evolutionary biology and systematics provides the context for synthesizing this information. This book brings together contributions from evolutionary biologists, systematists, developmental geneticists, biochemists, and others working on diverse aspects of plant biology whose work touches to varying degrees on plant molecular evolution. The book is organized in three parts, the first of which introduces broad topics in evolutionary biology and summarizes advances in plant molecular phylogenetics, with emphasis on model plant systems. The second segment presents a series of case studies of gene family evolution, while the third gives overviews of the evolution of important plant processes such as disease resistance, nodulation, hybridization, transposable elements and genome evolution, and polyploidy.

Evolution by Gene Duplication

Author : Susumu Ohno
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 364286659X
Total Pages : 171 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (428 download)

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Book Synopsis Evolution by Gene Duplication by : Susumu Ohno

Download or read book Evolution by Gene Duplication written by Susumu Ohno and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-11 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is said that "necessity is the mother of invention". To be sure, wheels and pulleys were invented out of necessity by the tenacious minds of upright citi zens. Looking at the history of mankind, however, one has to add that "Ieisure is the mother of cultural improvement". Man's creative genius flourished only when his mind, freed from the worry of daily toils, was permitted to entertain apparently useless thoughts. In the same manner, one might say with regard to evolution that "natural selection mere(y tnodifted, while redundanry created". Natural selection has been extremely effective in policing alleHe mutations which arise in already existing gene loci. Because of natural selection, organisms have been able to adapt to changing environments, and by adaptive radiation many new species were created from a common ancestral form. Y et, being an effective policeman, natural selection is extremely conservative by nature. Had evolution been entirely dependent upon natural selection, from a bacterium only numerous forms of bacteria would have emerged. The creation of metazoans, vertebrates and finally mammals from unicellular organisms would have been quite impos sible, for such big leaps in evolution required the creation of new gene loci with previously nonexistent functions. Only the cistron which became redun dant was able to escape from the relentless pressure of natural selection, and by escaping, it accumulated formerly forbidden mutations to emerge as a new gene locus.

Genomes of Plants and Animals

Author : J. Perry Gustafson
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9780306453724
Total Pages : 348 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (537 download)

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Book Synopsis Genomes of Plants and Animals by : J. Perry Gustafson

Download or read book Genomes of Plants and Animals written by J. Perry Gustafson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1996-06-30 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings together the disciplines of plant and animal genome research, and serves as an opportunity for scientists from both fields to compare results, problems and prospects.

Polyploid Population Genetics and Evolution - From Theory to Practice

Author : Hans D. Daetwyler
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 288963390X
Total Pages : 173 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (896 download)

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Book Synopsis Polyploid Population Genetics and Evolution - From Theory to Practice by : Hans D. Daetwyler

Download or read book Polyploid Population Genetics and Evolution - From Theory to Practice written by Hans D. Daetwyler and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-01-28 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Variation and Evolution in Plants

Author : George Ledyard Stebbins
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 643 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (467 download)

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Book Synopsis Variation and Evolution in Plants by : George Ledyard Stebbins

Download or read book Variation and Evolution in Plants written by George Ledyard Stebbins and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 643 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Transposable Elements and Genome Evolution

Author : J. F. McDonald
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9780792363064
Total Pages : 314 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (63 download)

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Book Synopsis Transposable Elements and Genome Evolution by : J. F. McDonald

Download or read book Transposable Elements and Genome Evolution written by J. F. McDonald and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2000-07-31 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Once considered merely `selfish' or `parasitic' DNA, transposable elements are today recognized as being of major biological significance. Not only are these elements a major source of mutation, they have contributed both directly and indirectly to the evolution of genome structure and function. On October 8-10, 1999, 100 molecular biologists and evolutionists representing 11 countries met on the campus of The University of Georgia in Athens for the inaugural Georgia Genetics Symposium. The topics of presentations ranged from how the elements themselves have evolved to the impact transposable elements have had on the evolution of their host genomes. The papers in this volume therefore represent state-of-the-art thinking, by leading world experts in the field, on the evolutionary significance of transposable elements.

Genetics and Genomics of the Brassicaceae

Author : Renate Schmidt
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1441971181
Total Pages : 680 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (419 download)

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Book Synopsis Genetics and Genomics of the Brassicaceae by : Renate Schmidt

Download or read book Genetics and Genomics of the Brassicaceae written by Renate Schmidt and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-12-03 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Genetics and Genomics of the Brassicaceae provides a review of this important family (commonly termed the mustard family, or Cruciferae). The family contains several cultivated species, including radish, rocket, watercress, wasabi and horseradish, in addition to the vegetable and oil crops of the Brassica genus. There are numerous further species with great potential for exploitation in 21st century agriculture, particularly as sources of bioactive chemicals. These opportunities are reviewed, in the context of the Brassicaceae in agriculture. More detailed descriptions are provided of the genetics of the cultivated Brassica crops, including both the species producing most of the brassica vegetable crops (B. rapa and B. oleracea) and the principal species producing oilseed crops (B. napus and B. juncea). The Brassicaceae also include important “model” plant species. Most prominent is Arabidopsis thaliana, the first plant species to have its genome sequenced. Natural genetic variation is reviewed for A. thaliana, as are the genetics of the closely related A. lyrata and of the genus Capsella. Self incompatibility is widespread in the Brassicaceae, and this subject is reviewed. Interest arising from both the commercial value of crop species of the Brassicaceae and the importance of Arabidopsis thaliana as a model species, has led to the development of numerous resources to support research. These are reviewed, including germplasm and genomic library resources, and resources for reverse genetics, metabolomics, bioinformatics and transformation. Molecular studies of the genomes of species of the Brassicaceae revealed extensive genome duplication, indicative of multiple polyploidy events during evolution. In some species, such as Brassica napus, there is evidence of multiple rounds of polyploidy during its relatively recent evolution, thus the Brassicaceae represent an excellent model system for the study of the impacts of polyploidy and the subsequent process of diploidisation, whereby the genome stabilises. Sequence-level characterization of the genomes of Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica rapa are presented, along with summaries of comparative studies conducted at both linkage map and sequence level, and analysis of the structural and functional evolution of resynthesised polyploids, along with a description of the phylogeny and karyotype evolution of the Brassicaceae. Finally, some perspectives of the editors are presented. These focus upon the Brassicaceae species as models for studying genome evolution following polyploidy, the impact of advances in genome sequencing technology, prospects for future transcriptome analysis and upcoming model systems.

Plant Genomes

Author : Jean-Nicolas Volff
Publisher : Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN 13 : 3805584911
Total Pages : 155 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (55 download)

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Book Synopsis Plant Genomes by : Jean-Nicolas Volff

Download or read book Plant Genomes written by Jean-Nicolas Volff and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2008-01-01 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent major advances in the field of comparative genomics and cytogenomics of plants, particularly associated with the completion of ambitious genome projects, have uncovered astonishing facets of the architecture and evolutionary history of plant genomes. The aim of this book was to review these recent developments as well as their implications in our understanding of the mechanisms which drive plant diversity. New insights into the evolution of gene functions, gene families and genome size are presented, with particular emphasis on the evolutionary impact of polyploidization and transposable elements. Knowledge on the structure and evolution of plant sex chromosomes, centromeres and microRNAs is reviewed and updated. Taken together, the contributions by internationally recognized experts present a panoramic overview of the structural features and evolutionary dynamics of plant genomes.This volume of Genome Dynamics will provide researchers, teachers and students in the fields of biology and agronomy with a valuable source of current knowledge on plant genomes.

Genetics and Genomics of Cotton

Author : Andrew H. Paterson
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387708103
Total Pages : 515 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (877 download)

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Book Synopsis Genetics and Genomics of Cotton by : Andrew H. Paterson

Download or read book Genetics and Genomics of Cotton written by Andrew H. Paterson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-03-11 with total page 515 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Gossypium (cotton) genus presents novel opportunities to advance our understanding of the natural world and its organic evolution. In this book, advances of the past decade are summarized and synthesized to elucidate the current state of knowledge of the structure, function, and evolution of the Gossypium genome, and progress in the application of this knowledge to cotton improvement. This book provides the first comprehensive reference on cotton genomics.

Molecular and Genome Evolution

Author : Dan Graur
Publisher : Sinauer
ISBN 13 : 9781605354699
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (546 download)

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Book Synopsis Molecular and Genome Evolution by : Dan Graur

Download or read book Molecular and Genome Evolution written by Dan Graur and published by Sinauer. This book was released on 2015-01-01 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the driving forces behind the evolutionary process at the molecular and genome levels, the effects of the various molecular mechanisms on the structure of genes, proteins, and genomes, the methodology and the analytical tools involved in dealing with molecular data from an evolutionary perspective, and the logic of evolutionary hypothesis testing. Evolutionary phenomena at the molecular level are detailed in a way that can be understood without much prerequisite knowledge of molecular biology, evolution, or mathematics. Numerous examples that support and clarify the theoretical arguments and methodological discussions are included.

Handbook of Maize

Author : Jeff L. Bennetzen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387778632
Total Pages : 785 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (877 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Maize by : Jeff L. Bennetzen

Download or read book Handbook of Maize written by Jeff L. Bennetzen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-01-16 with total page 785 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maize is one of the world’s highest value crops, with a multibillion dollar annual contribution to agriculture. The great adaptability and high yields available for maize as a food, feed and forage crop have led to its current production on over 140 million hectares worldwide, with acreage continuing to grow at the expense of other crops. In terms of tons of cereal grain produced worldwide, maize has been number one for many years. Moreover, maize is expanding its contribution to non-food uses, including as a major source of ethanol as a fuel additive or fuel alternative in the US. In addition, maize has been at the center of the transgenic plant controversy, serving as the first food crop with released transgenic varieties. By 2008, maize will have its genome sequence released, providing the sequence of the first average-size plant genome (the four plant genomes that are now sequenced come from unusually tiny genomes) and of the most complex genome sequenced from any organism. Among plant science researchers, maize has the second largest and most productive research community, trailing only the Arabidopsis community in scale and significance. At the applied research and commercial improvement levels, maize has no peers in agriculture, and consists of thousands of contributors worthwhile. A comprehensive book on the biology of maize has not been published. The "Handbook of Maize: the Genetics and Genomics" center on the past, present and future of maize as a model for plant science research and crop improvement. The books include brief, focused chapters from the foremost maize experts and feature a succinct collection of informative images representing the maize germplasm collection.

Polyploidy

Author : Walter H. Lewis
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461330696
Total Pages : 576 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (613 download)

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Book Synopsis Polyploidy by : Walter H. Lewis

Download or read book Polyploidy written by Walter H. Lewis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polyploidy as a dramatic mutational event in the process of evolution has wide implications in nature and for the generation of new and improved crops. The three day Conference on POLYPLOIDY: BIOLOGICAL RELEVANCE focused on three aspects of this natural phenomenon: the first emphasized the characteristics of polyploidy, the second described the occurrence of polyploidy among plants and animals, and the third considered past and future areas of both fundamental and pragmatic research that involve polyploidy. New information relative to origin, cytogenetics, ecology, physiology, biochemistry, and populational studies stress the need to reexamine current views on the origins of polyploidy and its significance among both plants and animals. There are major differences in the occurrence of polyploidy between. plant groups and it is proving a much more common event among bisexual vertebrates than heretofore considered possible. Crop development and improvement must utilize approaches based fundamentally on more natural systems; in fact future research should focus more on polyploidy as a natural phenomenon that needs study at all levels of endeavor from field-oriented populational aspects to sophisticated molecular analyses and genome manipulations. This volume provides a summary of current knowledge of polyploidy pertinent to botanists, zoologists, and agriculturists who are interested in the evolution o~natural systems and who are concerned with the contribution that crop improvement can make to human well-being. Walter H. Lewis St. Louis, Missouri October, 1979 v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Host Committee thanks all speakers and moderators for their generous contribution to the Conference and to this volume.

The Evolution of the Genome

Author : T. Ryan Gregory
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 9780080470528
Total Pages : 768 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (75 download)

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Book Synopsis The Evolution of the Genome by : T. Ryan Gregory

Download or read book The Evolution of the Genome written by T. Ryan Gregory and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-05-04 with total page 768 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Evolution of the Genome provides a much needed overview of genomic study through clear, detailed, expert-authored discussions of the key areas in genome biology. This includes the evolution of genome size, genomic parasites, gene and ancient genome duplications, polypoidy, comparative genomics, and the implications of these genome-level phenomena for evolutionary theory. In addition to reviewing the current state of knowledge of these fields in an accessible way, the various chapters also provide historical and conceptual background information, highlight the ways in which the critical questions are actually being studied, indicate some important areas for future research, and build bridges across traditional professional and taxonomic boundaries. The Evolution of the Genome will serve as a critical resource for graduate students, postdoctoral fellows, and established scientists alike who are interested in the issue of genome evolution in the broadest sense. Provides detailed, clearly written chapters authored by leading researchers in their respective fields Presents a much-needed overview of the historical and theoretical context of the various areas of genomic study Creates important links between topics in order to promote integration across subdisciplines, including descriptions of how each subject is actually studied Provides information specifically designed to be accessible to established researchers, postdoctoral fellows, and graduate students alike