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Plasticity Of Sorghum Biomass And Inflorescence Traits In Response To Nitrogen Application
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Book Synopsis Plasticity of Sorghum Biomass and Inflorescence Traits in Response to Nitrogen Application by : Kyle M. Linders
Download or read book Plasticity of Sorghum Biomass and Inflorescence Traits in Response to Nitrogen Application written by Kyle M. Linders and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrogen is an essential nutrient required for growth and development in plants. Insufficient nitrogen availability can reduce vegetative growth and grain yield. However, nitrogen is a costly input for farmers, is energy intensive to manufacture, and runoff of excess nitrogen fertilizer impacts water quality. Compared to its close relative, maize, sorghum has much greater resilience to nitrogen and water deficit, and heat stress, allowing sorghum to be grown with fewer inputs and on marginal land. Variation in total biomass accumulation and grain yield between sorghum accessions, as well as between nitrogen conditions, can be largely explained by differences in vegetative growth and inflorescence architecture traits. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in sorghum have identified genetic markers associated with genes known to play roles in controlling growth and development. However, these studies have typically been conducted using field trials with “optimal” nitrogen application conditions. A set of 345 diverse inbred lines from the Sorghum Association Panel (SAP) were grown under both standard nitrogen application (N+) and no nitrogen application (N-) treatments, and a range of biomass and inflorescence-related traits were phenotyped, including plant height, lower and upper stem diameter, rachis length, lower and upper rachis diameter, and primary branch number. Stem volume, an approximation of biomass, was calculated from the directly measured traits. Stem volume was, on average, 10.48% higher for genotypes in nitrogen fertilized blocks, than for genetically identical plants in no nitrogen application blocks. Within individual treatment conditions, between 58.1% and 90.7% of the total variation for the measured and calculated traits could be explained by genetic factors. Genome-wide association studies were conducted to identify genetic markers associated with these traits in order to better understand the genetic factors involved in nitrogen stress response for potential use in breeding improved sorghum varieties.
Book Synopsis Phenotypic Plasticity of Diverse Sorghum Varieties in Response to Nitrogen Deficit Stress by : Mackenzie Zwiener
Download or read book Phenotypic Plasticity of Diverse Sorghum Varieties in Response to Nitrogen Deficit Stress written by Mackenzie Zwiener and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrogen is a key component in the growth of crops and can strongly influence phenotypic variation. The movement of nutrients from old vegetative tissue to young leaves and reproductive organs is known as senescence. Senescence can be influenced by the environment of a plant, such as, drought, heat, and nutrient stress. These environmental stressors can also influence canopy architecture. Crop canopy consists of several traits including: leaf number, angle, length and width. Past research in crops like maize and rice have shown significant influences of more erect leaves, including, the ability for increased planting density, which optimizes light interception and increases yield. In a field trial of a sorghum association panel including 345 different sorghum varieties grown in a replicated design under nitrogen sufficient and nitrogen deficit conditions, we have found that sorghum leaf angle is plastic in response to nitrogen deficit stress. While the response of individual varieties varied, an overall statistically significant trend was observed towards smaller leaf angles (e.g. more erect leaves) under deficient nitrogen conditions. In parallel with field experiments, greenhouse experiments utilizing sorghum plants grown under different levels of nitrogen availability were also conducted. These confirmed the increased erectness of sorghum leaves under nitrogen deficient conditions. In addition, RGB and hyperspectral images collected from this experiment were used to train machine learning models to classify individual pixels into six classes: nonplant pixels, panicles, stems, green leaves, senescing leaves, and dead leaves. With this new method, we were able to track the progression of senescence through the life cycle of individual sorghum plants grown under different nitrogen treatments.
Download or read book Sorghum written by Ignacio A. Ciampitti and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-01-22 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sorghum is among the top five cereals and one of the key crops in global food security efforts. Sorghum is a resilient crop under high-stress environments, ensuring productivity and access to food when other crops fail. Scientists see the potential of sorghum as a main staple food in a future challenged by climate change. The contributors provide a comprehensive review of sorghum knowledge. The discussion covers genetic improvements, development of new hybrids, biotechnology, and physiological modifications. Production topics include water and nutrient management, rotations, and pest control. Final end uses, sorghum as a bioenergy crop, markets, and the future of sorghum are presented. IN PRESS! This book is being published according to the “Just Published” model, with more chapters to be published online as they are completed.
Book Synopsis Nutrient Use Efficiency in Plants by : Malcolm J. Hawkesford
Download or read book Nutrient Use Efficiency in Plants written by Malcolm J. Hawkesford and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-14 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nutrient Use Efficiency in Plants: Concepts and Approaches is the ninth volume in the Plant Ecophysiology series. It presents a broad overview of topics related to improvement of nutrient use efficiency of crops. Nutrient use efficiency (NUE) is a measure of how well plants use the available mineral nutrients. It can be defined as yield (biomass) per unit input (fertilizer, nutrient content). NUE is a complex trait: it depends on the ability to take up the nutrients from the soil, but also on transport, storage, mobilization, usage within the plant, and even on the environment. NUE is of particular interest as a major target for crop improvement. Improvement of NUE is an essential pre-requisite for expansion of crop production into marginal lands with low nutrient availability but also a way to reduce use of inorganic fertilizer.
Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 886 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Plant Ecophysiology by : Majeti Narasimha Vara Prasad
Download or read book Plant Ecophysiology written by Majeti Narasimha Vara Prasad and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1996-12-24 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Twenty-nine, prominent, international researchers provide contributions which deal with understanding the basic ecophysiological and molecular principles governing the functioning of plant systems in relation to their environment. Divided into two headings: biotic and abiotic; the first consists of abiotic, natural environmental factors--light, ultraviolet radiation, chilling and freezing, high temperatures, drought, flooding, salt and trace metals. The latter half presents anthropogenic aspects including allelochemicals, herbicides, polyamines, air pollutants, carbon dioxide, radioisotopes and fire.
Book Synopsis Crop Stress and its Management: Perspectives and Strategies by : B. Venkateswarlu
Download or read book Crop Stress and its Management: Perspectives and Strategies written by B. Venkateswarlu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-11-22 with total page 617 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crops experience an assortment of environmental stresses which include abiotic viz., drought, water logging, salinity, extremes of temperature, high variability in radiation, subtle but perceptible changes in atmospheric gases and biotic viz., insects, birds, other pests, weeds, pathogens (viruses and other microbes). The ability to tolerate or adapt and overwinter by effectively countering these stresses is a very multifaceted phenomenon. In addition, the inability to do so which renders the crops susceptible is again the result of various exogenous and endogenous interactions in the ecosystem. Both biotic and abiotic stresses occur at various stages of plant development and frequently more than one stress concurrently affects the crop. Stresses result in both universal and definite effects on plant growth and development. One of the imposing tasks for the crop researchers globally is to distinguish and to diminish effects of these stress factors on the performance of crop plants, especially with respect to yield and quality of harvested products. This is of special significance in view of the impending climate change, with complex consequences for economically profitable and ecologically and environmentally sound global agriculture. The challenge at the hands of the crop scientist in such a scenario is to promote a competitive and multifunctional agriculture, leading to the production of highly nourishing, healthy and secure food and animal feed as well as raw materials for a wide variety of industrial applications. In order to successfully meet this challenge researchers have to understand the various aspects of these stresses in view of the current development from molecules to ecosystems. The book will focus on broad research areas in relation to these stresses which are in the forefront in contemporary crop stress research.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Bioenergy Crops by : N. El Bassam
Download or read book Handbook of Bioenergy Crops written by N. El Bassam and published by Earthscan. This book was released on 2010 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This completely revised second edition includes new information on biomass in relation to climate change, new coverage of vital issues including the "food versus fuel" debate, and essential new information on "second generation" fuels and advances in conversion techniques. The book begins with a guide to biomass accumulation, harvesting, transportation and storage, as well as conversion technologies for biofuels. This is followed by an examination of the environmental impact and economic and social dimensions, including prospects for renewable energy. The book then goes on to cover all the main potential energy crops.
Book Synopsis Photosynthetic Nitrogen Assimilation and Associated Carbon and Respiratory Metabolism by : C.H. Foyer
Download or read book Photosynthetic Nitrogen Assimilation and Associated Carbon and Respiratory Metabolism written by C.H. Foyer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002-12-31 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the very latest developments in our understanding of how plants use light energy and fixed carbon to assimilate nitrate and ammonium into the organic compounds required for growth. From the partitioning of organic nitrogen within the photosynthetic apparatus, through the primary processes of reduction of nitrate and nitrite and the assimilation of ammonium and its cycling in photorespiration, the complex interactions inherent in the crosstalk between carbon and nitrogen assimilation are considered and exciting new developments such as nitric oxide production evaluated. Attention is paid throughout to the close coordination of photosynthetic and respiratory processes in nitrogen assimilation. Emerging concepts of the interdependence of chloroplasts and mitochondria are described, and essential communication, transport and signalling processes are highlighted.
Author :International Rice Research Institute Publisher :Int. Rice Res. Inst. ISBN 13 :9711040786 Total Pages :422 pages Book Rating :4.7/5 (11 download)
Book Synopsis Drought Resistance in Crops with Emphasis on Rice by : International Rice Research Institute
Download or read book Drought Resistance in Crops with Emphasis on Rice written by International Rice Research Institute and published by Int. Rice Res. Inst.. This book was released on 1982 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Genetics and Genomics of Setaria by : Andrew Doust
Download or read book Genetics and Genomics of Setaria written by Andrew Doust and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-12-19 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Setaria viridis and S.italica make up a model grass system to investigate C4 photosynthesis, cell wall biosynthesis, responses to drought, herbicide, and other environmental stressors, genome dynamics, developmental genetics and morphology, and interactions with microorganisms. Setaria viridis (green foxtail) is one of the world’s most widespread weeds, and its small size, native variation, rapidly burgeoning genetic and genomic resources, and transformability are making it the system of choice for both basic research and its translation into crop improvement. Its domesticated variant, S. italica (foxtail millet), is a drought-hardy cereal grown in China, India and Africa, and new breeding techniques show great potential for improving yields and nutrition for drought-prone regions. This book brings together for the first time evolutionary, genomic, genetic, and morphological analyses, together with protocols for growing and transforming Setaria, and approaches to high throughput genotyping and candidate gene analysis. Authors include major Setaria researchers from both the USA and overseas.
Book Synopsis Plant Comparative Genomics by : Alejandro Pereira-Santana
Download or read book Plant Comparative Genomics written by Alejandro Pereira-Santana and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-07-11 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This detailed book presents recent methodologies for the task of inspecting the genomic world of plants, extracting valuable information, and presenting it in a readable way. With a focus on bioinformatics tools, the volume explores phylogenetics and evolution, Omics analysis, as well as experimental procedures for trait characterization. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include the kind of vital expert implementation advice that will lead to successful results. Authoritative and practical, Plant Comparative Genomics serves as an ideal resource for researchers looking to implement comparative tools in order to explore their genomic data for their daily scientific work.
Book Synopsis Vascular Epiphytes by : David H. Benzing
Download or read book Vascular Epiphytes written by David H. Benzing and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2008-01-07 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This synthesis of the growing body of information from research on epiphytes and their relations with other tropical biota provides a comprehensive overview of basic functions, life history, evolution, and the place of epiphytes in complex tropical communities. Epiphytes comprise more than one-third of the tropical vascular flora in some tropical forests. Growing within tropical forest canopies, epiphytes are subject to severe environmental constraints, and their diverse adaptations make them a rich resource for studies of water balance, nutrition, reproduction and evolution.
Book Synopsis Principles and Practices of Rice Production by : Surajit K. De Datta
Download or read book Principles and Practices of Rice Production written by Surajit K. De Datta and published by Int. Rice Res. Inst.. This book was released on 1981 with total page 642 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants by : Horst Marschner
Download or read book Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants written by Horst Marschner and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 1995 with total page 920 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text presents the principles of mineral nutrition in the light of current advances. For this second edition more emphasis has been placed on root water relations and functions of micronutrients as well as external and internal factors on root growth and the root-soil interface.
Book Synopsis Sulfur in Plants by : Malcolm J. Hawkesford
Download or read book Sulfur in Plants written by Malcolm J. Hawkesford and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-03-07 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the latest findings on how plants respond physiologically to sulfur in their environment. It combines an ecosystems approach with new insights at the molecular and biochemical level. Key areas are explored to assess the functions and implications of this essential plant nutrient in a range of natural, semi-natural and anthropogenic environments. The result is an important new reference on the relationships between plants and sulfur.
Book Synopsis Reproductive Allocation in Plants by : Edward Reekie
Download or read book Reproductive Allocation in Plants written by Edward Reekie and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-05-04 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much effort has been devoted to developing theories to explain the wide variation we observe in reproductive allocation among environments. Reproductive Allocation in Plants describes why plants differ in the proportion of their resources that they allocate to reproduction and looks into the various theories. This book examines the ecological and evolutionary explanations for variation in plant reproductive allocation from the perspective of the underlying physiological mechanisms controlling reproduction and growth. An international team of leading experts have prepared chapters summarizing the current state of the field and offering their views on the factors determining reproductive allocation in plants. This will be a valuable resource for senior undergraduate students, graduate students and researchers in ecology, plant ecophysiology, and population biology. 8 outstanding chapters dedicated to the evolution and ecology of variation in plant reproductive allocation Written by an international team of leading experts in the field Provides enough background information to make it accessible to senior undergraduate students Includes over 60 figures and 29 tables
