Phytoforensics Applications In Vapor Intrusion Assessment

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Phytoforensics: Applications in Vapor Intrusion Assessment

Author : Jordan Lee Wilson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 128 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (12 download)

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Book Synopsis Phytoforensics: Applications in Vapor Intrusion Assessment by : Jordan Lee Wilson

Download or read book Phytoforensics: Applications in Vapor Intrusion Assessment written by Jordan Lee Wilson and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Vapor intrusion (VI) occurs when contaminants in the vapor phase migrate in the shallow subsurface and enter buildings through cracks, seams, and gaps and has been recognized as a serious human-health threat as occupants are exposed to potentially harmful concentrations over long periods of time. The VI pathway has recently (2017) been identified as a primary exposure pathway and implemented into the Hazard Ranking System for inclusion on the Nation Priorities List. However, assessing VI and human exposure is not simple and current methods are time-, cost-, and labor-intensive; intrusive; and temporally and spatially variability. Trees are ideal candidates for environmental biomonitors because they are ubiquitous, active samplers of vapor and groundwater and because they are thought to sample over large spatial and temporal scales, effectively averaging variability. Sampling trees is noninvasive and does not require the construction of sampling ports in homes, increasing the likelihood of obtaining property access and VI data. Tree samples are representative of the shallow subsurface with a footprint similar to a residential building. Directional tree sampling can also be used to elucidate shallow subsurface contamination from a single tree, and tree sampling is shown to be correlated with VI samples, especially when environmental samples are averaged over months and years. However, non-uniform distributions of tree-core samples likely resulted in large interpolation error in areas where trees are sparse. Although these findings demonstrate that tree sampling can augment traditional VI assessment methods, tree sampling is best applied as a screening tool because of the many parameters, and their associate uncertainties, that control mass transfer of contaminants in the subsurface and entry into plants and the built environment"--Abstract, page iv.

Vapor Intrusion Simulations and Risk Assessments

Author : Yijun Yao
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811927006
Total Pages : 133 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (119 download)

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Book Synopsis Vapor Intrusion Simulations and Risk Assessments by : Yijun Yao

Download or read book Vapor Intrusion Simulations and Risk Assessments written by Yijun Yao and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-07-25 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces key concepts in modeling and risk assessments of vapor intrusion, a process by which the subsurface volatile contaminants migrate into the building of concern. Soil vapor intrusion is the major exposure pathway for building occupants to chemicals from the subsurface, and its risk assessments determine the criteria of volatile contaminants in soil/groundwater in brownfield redevelopment. The chapters feature the recent advances in vapor intrusion studies and practices, including analytical and numerical modeling of vapor intrusion, statistical findings of United States Environmental Protection Agency’s Vapor Intrusion Database and Petroleum Vapor Intrusion Databases, the challenges of preferential pathways, and the application of building pressure cycling methods, and field practices of vapor intrusion risk assessments at developed contaminated sites and in brownfield redevelopment. This volume also summarizes the advantages and limits of current applications in vapor intrusion risk assessment, laying the groundwork for future research of better understanding in risk characterization of soil vapor intrusion using models. Written by experts in this field, Vapor Intrusion Simulations and Risk Assessments will serve as an invaluable reference for researchers, regulators, and practitioners, who are interested in perceiving the basic knowledge and current advances in risk assessments of soil vapor intrusion.

Evaluation of Vapor Intrusion Pathway Assessment Through Long-term Monitoring Studies

Author : Chase Weston Holton
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 334 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (913 download)

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Book Synopsis Evaluation of Vapor Intrusion Pathway Assessment Through Long-term Monitoring Studies by : Chase Weston Holton

Download or read book Evaluation of Vapor Intrusion Pathway Assessment Through Long-term Monitoring Studies written by Chase Weston Holton and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vapor intrusion (VI) pathway assessment often involves the collection and analysis of groundwater, soil gas, and indoor air data. There is temporal variability in these data, but little is understood about the characteristics of that variability and how it influences pathway assessment decision-making. This research included the first-ever collection of a long-term high-frequency indoor air data set at a house with VI impacts overlying a dilute chlorinated solvent groundwater plume. It also included periodic synoptic snapshots of groundwater and soil gas data and high-frequency monitoring of building conditions and environmental factors. Indoor air trichloroethylene (TCE) concentrations varied over three orders-of-magnitude under natural conditions, with the highest daily VI activity during fall, winter, and spring months. These data were used to simulate outcomes from common sampling strategies, with the result being that there was a high probability (up to 100%) of false-negative decisions and poor characterization of long-term exposure. Temporal and spatial variability in subsurface data were shown to increase as the sampling point moves from source depth to ground surface, with variability of an order-of-magnitude or more for sub-slab soil gas. It was observed that indoor vapor sources can cause subsurface vapor clouds and that it can take days to weeks for soil gas plumes created by indoor sources to dissipate following indoor source removal. A long-term controlled pressure method (CPM) test was conducted to assess its utility as an alternate approach for VI pathway assessment. Indoor air concentrations were similar to maximum concentrations under natural conditions (9.3 [micro]g/m3 average vs. 13 [micro]g/m3 for 24 h TCE data) with little temporal variability. A key outcome was that there were no occurrences of false-negative results. Results suggest that CPM tests can produce worst-case exposure conditions at any time of the year. The results of these studies highlight the limitations of current VI pathway assessment approaches and demonstrate the need for robust alternate diagnostic tools, such as CPM, that lead to greater confidence in data interpretation and decision-making.

Assessment of Mitigation Systems on Vapor Intrusion

Author : RTI International
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (918 download)

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Book Synopsis Assessment of Mitigation Systems on Vapor Intrusion by : RTI International

Download or read book Assessment of Mitigation Systems on Vapor Intrusion written by RTI International and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

A Proposed Guidance for Addressing Vapor Intrusion as a Component of Superfund's Hazard Ranking System

Author : Jeff Polubinski
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)

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Book Synopsis A Proposed Guidance for Addressing Vapor Intrusion as a Component of Superfund's Hazard Ranking System by : Jeff Polubinski

Download or read book A Proposed Guidance for Addressing Vapor Intrusion as a Component of Superfund's Hazard Ranking System written by Jeff Polubinski and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For decades, scientists have propounded on the risks of vapor intrusion, the process by which contaminants present in soil and groundwater migrate, via volatilization, into buildings and affect indoor air quality. After years of deliberation, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has now added a vapor intrusion component to the Hazard Ranking System (HRS). The USEPA uses the HRS to evaluate whether a site warrants inclusion on the agency's National Priorities List (NPL) for Superfund sites. While the inclusion of vapor intrusion on the HRS is a positive, albeit overdue, development in Superfund law, how USEPA structures and implements the vapor intrusion component into the existing HRS will determine whether this new enhancement will actually prove to be protective of human health. First, this note will examine the concept of vapor intrusion. Included in this discussion will be a description of the contaminants at play, how vapors enter buildings, where vapor intrusion sites are located, what the human health risks are and, lastly what is done to mitigate the risks that vapor intrusion presents. The note will then discuss the importance that vapor intrusion plays in the Brownfields, Superfund and the LEED-certified building discussion and why vapor intrusion is often identified as an environmental justice issue. Next, the note will discuss many of the difficulties facing vapor intrusion regulation and the roadblocks that may have inhibited the promulgation of federal regulation earlier. I will then describe the different ways states have regulated vapor intrusion by assessing two enforcement mechanisms used by states in regulating sites where vapor intrusion may be an issue. First, I will evaluate how states initially assess vapor intrusion versus how states assess other more regulated exposure pathways (such as ingestion of contaminated drinking water). If there is some sort of ranking or prioritization of sites, what weight, if any, is given to sites where vapor intrusion is an issue? Secondly, I will look at what steps states take, or require potentially responsible parties or responsible parties to take, when vapor intrusion has been identified. Lastly, based on components of state regulation, I will propose a regulatory framework for addressing vapor intrusion.

Vapor Intrusion Risk Assessment With an Innovative Mobile GC System

Author : Bernd Seelhorst
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 16 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)

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Book Synopsis Vapor Intrusion Risk Assessment With an Innovative Mobile GC System by : Bernd Seelhorst

Download or read book Vapor Intrusion Risk Assessment With an Innovative Mobile GC System written by Bernd Seelhorst and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the dominating problems in the revitalization of brownfields in region of São Paulo City, Brazil, is the assessment and quantification of vapor intrusion scenarios that trigger frequently necessary remedial actions. With a flux chamber based investigation procedure in combination with a new developed GC-system for the detection of chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) site specific soil vapor fluxes could be quantified. Based on the results of flux chamber experiments the effectiveness of concrete slabs could be shown to reduce the vapor flux into enclosed spaced. Moreover, the obtained vapor flux rates were used to predict resulting indoor air concentration due to vapor intrusion of CVOCs.

Reference Handbook for Site-specific Assessment of Subsurface Vapor Intrusion to Indoor Air

Author : Todd A. McAlary
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 231 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (72 download)

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Book Synopsis Reference Handbook for Site-specific Assessment of Subsurface Vapor Intrusion to Indoor Air by : Todd A. McAlary

Download or read book Reference Handbook for Site-specific Assessment of Subsurface Vapor Intrusion to Indoor Air written by Todd A. McAlary and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Vapor Intrusion at a Site with an Alternative Pathway and a Fluctuating Groundwater Table

Author : Yuanming Guo
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 310 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Vapor Intrusion at a Site with an Alternative Pathway and a Fluctuating Groundwater Table by : Yuanming Guo

Download or read book Vapor Intrusion at a Site with an Alternative Pathway and a Fluctuating Groundwater Table written by Yuanming Guo and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vapor intrusion (VI), can pose health risks to building occupants. Assessment and mitigation at VI impacted sites have been guided by a site conceptual model (SCM) in which vapors originate from subsurface sources, diffuse through soil matrix and enter into a building by gas flow across foundation cracks. Alternative VI pathways and groundwater table fluctuations are not often considered. Alternative VI pathways, involving vapor transport along sewer lines and other subsurface infrastructure, have recently been found to be significant contributors to VI impacts at some sites. This study evaluated approaches for identifying and characterizing the significance of alternative VI pathways and assessed the effectiveness of conventional mitigation at a site with an alternative VI pathway that can be manipulated to be on or off. The alternative pathway could not be identified using conventional pathway assessment procedures and can only be discovered under controlled pressure method (CPM) conditions. Measured emission rates were two orders of magnitude greater than screening model estimates and sub-foundation vertical soil gas profiles changed and were no longer consistent with the conventional VI conceptual model when the CPM test was conducted. The pipe flow VI pathway reduced the vacuum performance of the sub-slab depressurization (SSD) VI mitigation system, but the SSD system still provided sufficient protection to the house. The relationship between groundwater table fluctuations and subsurface vapor emissions and transport is examined using multi-year data from the field site, and is studied in the laboratory. In addition, a broader range of conditions is examined through use of modeling validated with the experimental data. The results indicate that fluctuating groundwater tables will lead to amplified volatile organic chemical (VOC) emissions from groundwater to soil surface relative to steady water table elevation, however, the magnitude of this amplification is less concerned when long-term water fluctuation present. No clear correlations were found between VOC emissions and water table changes at the study site where annual water table fluctuations of about 0.3 m existed. Significant VOC emission amplifications by water table fluctuation would be expected under shallow groundwater conditions according to model analysis results.

Phyto

Author : Kate Kennen
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317599012
Total Pages : 378 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (175 download)

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Book Synopsis Phyto by : Kate Kennen

Download or read book Phyto written by Kate Kennen and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-05-01 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner of the 2017 CBHL Literature Award of Excellence in Landscape Design and Architecture Phyto presents the concepts of phytoremediation and phytotechnology in one comprehensive guide, illustrating when plants can be considered for the uptake, removal or mitigation of on-site pollutants. Current scientific case studies are covered, highlighting the advantages and limitations of plant-based cleanup. Typical contaminant groups found in the built environment are explained, and plant lists for mitigation of specific contaminants are included where applicable. This is the first book to address the benefits of phytotechnologies from a design point of view, taking complex scientific terms and translating the research into an easy-to-understand reference book for those involved in creating planting solutions. Typically, phytotechnology planting techniques are currently employed post-site contamination to help clean up already contaminated soil by taking advantage of the positive effects that plants can have upon harmful toxins and chemicals. This book presents a new concept to create projective planting designs with preventative phytotechnology abilities, ‘phytobuffering’ where future pollution may be expected for particular site programs. Filled with tables, photographs and detailed drawings, Kennen and Kirkwood's text guides the reader through the process of selecting plants for their aesthetic and environmental qualities, combined with their contaminant-removal benefits.

Fate and Transport of Subsurface Pollutants

Author : Pankaj Kumar Gupta
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811565643
Total Pages : 348 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (115 download)

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Book Synopsis Fate and Transport of Subsurface Pollutants by : Pankaj Kumar Gupta

Download or read book Fate and Transport of Subsurface Pollutants written by Pankaj Kumar Gupta and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-20 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume offers detailed information on the behaviour of various water pollutants, and on the principles and concepts of groundwater flow and transport. It will help readers to understand and execute the planning, supervision, and review of solute transport and groundwater modeling projects. The book also discusses the role and fate of elements that have been identified as major contaminants in surface and subsurface waters, and their adverse effects on ecology and human health. The book explores this theme throughout four sections – a. Understanding Soil-Water Systems, b. Fate and Transport of Pollutants, c. Physico-Chemical Treatment of Wastewater and d. Microbial Techniques Used to Decontaminate Soil-Water Systems. Introducing readers to a range of recent advances concerning the fundamentals of subsurface water treatment, it offers a valuable guide for teachers, researchers, policymakers, and undergraduate and graduate students of hydrology, environmental microbiology, biotechnology and the environmental sciences. It also provides field engineers and industrial practitioners with essential support in the effective remediation and management of polluted sites.

Partition and Adsorption of Organic Contaminants in Environmental Systems

Author : Cary T. Chiou
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0471463019
Total Pages : 269 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (714 download)

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Book Synopsis Partition and Adsorption of Organic Contaminants in Environmental Systems by : Cary T. Chiou

Download or read book Partition and Adsorption of Organic Contaminants in Environmental Systems written by Cary T. Chiou and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2003-07-07 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given the presence of a wide variety of contaminants in the environment, it is important to understand what drives a contaminant from one medium to another, as well as the manner and extent to which a contaminant associates with the different media or phases within a local environmental system. Partition and Adsorption of Organic Contaminants in Environmental Systems forms a comprehensive resource on the behavioral characteristics of contaminants so that appropriate strategies can be adopted to either prevent or minimize their adverse impacts on human welfare and natural resources. Cary Chiou’s far-reaching text depicts the processes by which nonionic organic contaminants are sorbed to natural biotic and abiotic substances. This book focuses on physical principles and system parameters that affect the contaminant uptake by soil from water, air, and other media; by fish from water; and by plants from soil and water. As contaminant uptake by natural organic substances is often predominantly a partition interaction, the partition characteristics in several solvent-water model mixtures are treated in detail to elucidate the relevant physicochemical parameters. The account of contaminant sorption to soils, fish, and plants is strengthened by companion chapters on: Fundamentals of solution theory Interphase partition equations Fundamentals of adsorption theory Vapor adsorption on mineral and carbonaceous solids No other single source in the field delivers as compelling a combination of background understanding and "state-of-the-science" comprehension of current issues. Ideally suited for a graduate-level environmental course, Partition and Adsorption of Organic Contaminants in Environmental Systems also serves as a technical guide to current and future research in the field.

Monitored Natural Attenuation of Inorganic Contaminants in Ground Water

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 124 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)

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Book Synopsis Monitored Natural Attenuation of Inorganic Contaminants in Ground Water by :

Download or read book Monitored Natural Attenuation of Inorganic Contaminants in Ground Water written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: V.3 ... consists of individual chapters that describe 1) the conceptual background for radionuclides, including tritium, radon, strontium, technetium, uranium, iodine, radium, thorium, cesium, plutonium-americium and 2) data requirements to be met during site characterization.

Manufactured Sites

Author : Niall Kirkwood
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1134544073
Total Pages : 466 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (345 download)

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Book Synopsis Manufactured Sites by : Niall Kirkwood

Download or read book Manufactured Sites written by Niall Kirkwood and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2003-09-02 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: **This title was originally published in 2001. The version published in 2011 is a PB reprint of the original HB** Manufactured Sites focuses on the legacy of industrial production and pollutants on the contemporary landscape and their influence on new scientific research, innovative site technologies and progressive site design. It presents innovative environmental, engineering and design approaches along with ongoing research and built projects of international significance. Contributions range from innovative scientific engineering research from industry and federal agencies to contemporary international and regional professional reclamation and redevelopment projects such as the 2000 Olympic Games in Sydney, Australia and the A.G. Thyssen steelworks and blast furnace planning in Germany's Ruhr region.

Introduction to Environmental Forensics

Author : Brian L. Murphy
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0124047076
Total Pages : 747 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (24 download)

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Book Synopsis Introduction to Environmental Forensics by : Brian L. Murphy

Download or read book Introduction to Environmental Forensics written by Brian L. Murphy and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-07-30 with total page 747 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The third edition of Introduction to Environmental Forensics is a state-of-the-art reference for the practicing environmental forensics consultant, regulator, student, academic, and scientist, with topics including compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA), advanced multivariate statistical techniques, surrogate approaches for contaminant source identification and age dating, dendroecology, hydrofracking, releases from underground storage tanks and piping, and contaminant-transport modeling for forensic applications. Recognized international forensic scientists were selected to author chapters in their specific areas of expertise and case studies are included to illustrate the application of these methods in actual environmental forensic investigations. This edition provides updates on advances in various techniques and introduces several new topics. - Provides a comprehensive review of all aspects of environmental forensics - Coverage ranges from emerging statistical methods to state-of-the-art analytical techniques, such as gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry and polytopic vector analysis - Numerous examples and case studies are provided to illustrate the application of these forensic techniques in environmental investigations

Chlorinated Solvent Source Zone Remediation

Author : Bernard H. Kueper
Publisher : Springer Science & Business
ISBN 13 : 1461469228
Total Pages : 759 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)

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Book Synopsis Chlorinated Solvent Source Zone Remediation by : Bernard H. Kueper

Download or read book Chlorinated Solvent Source Zone Remediation written by Bernard H. Kueper and published by Springer Science & Business. This book was released on 2014-04-22 with total page 759 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this book is to help engineers and scientists better understand dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) contamination of groundwater and the methods and technology used for characterization and remediation. Remediation of DNAPL source zones is very difficult and controversial and must be based on state-of-the-art knowledge of the behavior (transport and fate) of nonaqueous phase liquids in the subsurface and site specific geology, chemistry and hydrology. This volume is focused on the characterization and remediation of nonaqueous phase chlorinated solvents and it is hoped that mid-level engineers and scientists will find this book helpful in understanding the current state-of-practice of DNAPL source zone management and remediation.

Plant Contamination

Author : Craig Mc Farlane
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9781566700788
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Plant Contamination by : Craig Mc Farlane

Download or read book Plant Contamination written by Craig Mc Farlane and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1994-10-12 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the physiological and anatomical principles and the chemical and physical factors that determine uptake, translocation, accumulation, loss, and metabolism of anthropogenic chemicals in plants. Expert authors in the fields of biology, chemistry, ecology, environmental physics, and biochemistry provide recently developed methods and models for estimation of the behavior of environmental chemicals in the soil-plant-air system-information that is essential in the hazard assessment of new and existing chemicals.

Phytobiont and Ecosystem Restitution

Author : Vivek Kumar
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811311870
Total Pages : 487 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (113 download)

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Book Synopsis Phytobiont and Ecosystem Restitution by : Vivek Kumar

Download or read book Phytobiont and Ecosystem Restitution written by Vivek Kumar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-31 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers present-day retrospectives and future perspectives on ‘phytobiont’ studies in the context of phyto-micro restitution, filling some of the information gaps in this promising research field. It discusses several ecosystem restitution strategies using dissimilar groups of microbes alone or in association with plants, as well as advances in metagenomics technology for studying in situ micro and macro communities in contaminated soil. It addresses topics such as the status quo, and the perspectives of microbial researchers and scientists, foresters, students, environmentalists, agriculturists and professional engineers. The rising pollution levels caused by xenobiotics is one of the biggest problems of our times, and as such the book comprehensively elaborates the latest research in this field and describes how the issue can be tackled using micro-organisms. With detailed diagrams and illustrations, the book is a valuable resource for experts and novices in the field of microbial bioremediation, phyto-bioremediation and environmental microbiology