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Physical And Chemical Conditions In Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus Kisutch Spawning Habitat In Freshwater Creek Northern California
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Book Synopsis Physical and Chemical Conditions in Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) Spawning Habitat in Freshwater Creek, Northern California by : Keith Barnard
Download or read book Physical and Chemical Conditions in Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) Spawning Habitat in Freshwater Creek, Northern California written by Keith Barnard and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Selection of Spawning Sites by Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) in Freshwater Creek, California by : Kristin E. Mull
Download or read book Selection of Spawning Sites by Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) in Freshwater Creek, California written by Kristin E. Mull and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Historical and Current Presence-absence of Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) in the Central California Coast Evolutionary Significant Unit by : Peter Burton Adams
Download or read book Historical and Current Presence-absence of Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) in the Central California Coast Evolutionary Significant Unit written by Peter Burton Adams and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This report is a summary of the presence and absence of coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, in streams in the Central California Coast Evolutionary Significant Unit (ESU). Only streams with historical records of coho occupancy are considered. It has been prepared to assist in Endangered Species Act activities... Presence absence data used here come from surveys conducted for this study and fron data collected by other researchers. A preliminary report of this data, which included only approximately one-half of these streams, was published earlier... to meet earlier listing requirements."--p.Abstract.
Book Synopsis Species profiles by : Thomas J. Hassler
Download or read book Species profiles written by Thomas J. Hassler and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Predicting Spawning Habitat for Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch), Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha), and Steelhead (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Using Geospatially Constructed Stream Morphology from High-resolution Lidar-derived Digital Elevation Model and Field Survey Data in the Indian Creek Watershed, Mendocino County, California by : Justin P. Bissell
Download or read book Predicting Spawning Habitat for Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch), Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha), and Steelhead (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Using Geospatially Constructed Stream Morphology from High-resolution Lidar-derived Digital Elevation Model and Field Survey Data in the Indian Creek Watershed, Mendocino County, California written by Justin P. Bissell and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Restoration of anadromous salmonid habitat is of primary importance to the economic, historical, and cultural geography of the Pacific Northwest. Derivation and use of geospatial habitat models as guides to pinpoint key areas where limited restoration funding can be cost-effectively employed is of great importance. To this purpose, 1 meter resolution lidar-derived Digital Elevation Model data was acquired for the Indian Creek and neighboring watersheds in Mendocino County, California, and used together with field-acquired geomorphic stream data to geospatially model stream widths, depths, and streambank morphology. These geospatial covariates were field-verified in selected locations and then used in conjunction with field surveyed habitat presence data and substrate data to model potential anadromous salmonid species spawning habitat. Probability surfaces, each comprising the areal extent of the Indian Creek stream system and representing the probability for spawning habitat occurrence, were developed for each of the species of interest. The mean area under the curve (AUC) for 100 model replications for Chinook, Coho, and Steelhead were 0.954, 0.951, and 0.958, with standard deviations of 0.036, 0.034, and 0.036, respectively. In contrast to other models that solely use linear lengths of stream, the models developed in this work incorporate modeled stream bankfull widths and modeled stream corridor morphology, thus allowing additional interpretation and prediction involving the amount of species' use of specific streams and watersheds. Models were field-verified by California Department of Fish and Wildlife fisheries biologist staff and Pacific Watershed Associates engineering geologists and field scientist staff as being representative of actual field conditions, thus assuring the value of modeling results and methodology in future projects and research.
Book Synopsis Endangered and Threatened Species ; Threatened Status for Southern Oregon/Northern California Coast Evolutionarily Significant Unit (ESU) of Coho Salmon by :
Download or read book Endangered and Threatened Species ; Threatened Status for Southern Oregon/Northern California Coast Evolutionarily Significant Unit (ESU) of Coho Salmon written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Scientific Conclusions of the Status Review for Oregon Coast Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) by : Heather A. Stout
Download or read book Scientific Conclusions of the Status Review for Oregon Coast Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) written by Heather A. Stout and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Identification of Physical Habitats Limiting the Production of Coho Salmon in Western Oregon and Washington by : Gordon H. Reeves
Download or read book Identification of Physical Habitats Limiting the Production of Coho Salmon in Western Oregon and Washington written by Gordon H. Reeves and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Species Profiles by : Thomas J. Hassler
Download or read book Species Profiles written by Thomas J. Hassler and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Population Model for Coho Salmon (Onchorhynchus Kisutch) in Freshwater Creek by : Gabriel Scheer
Download or read book A Population Model for Coho Salmon (Onchorhynchus Kisutch) in Freshwater Creek written by Gabriel Scheer and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historic land use practices and associated habitat degradation have led to significant declines in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch ) populations across their range. In California they are a state and federally listed species, requiring population monitoring and management plans tailored towards recovery. Traditionally, juvenile coho salmon in California were thought to spend approximately one year in their natal freshwater habitats before migrating to sea the following spring and summer as smolts. However, recent work has documented considerable variation in juvenile life history and migration timing. Specifically, juveniles that migrate downstream prior to one year of age and spend their winter rearing in estuary habitat have been shown to produce significant adult returns. Using 14 years of life-stage-specific survival and movement data collected on Freshwater Creek in northern California, I constructed a habitat-base life cycle model to evaluate expected population response to restoration actions, and to incorporate life history diversity into population projections. This modeling effort is divided into three sections: (1) parameterize stage specific survival rates and probability of expressing an early emigrant life history; (2) conduct sensitivity analysis to quantify which life stages are most influential in determining population status; (3) use stochastic simulations to quantitatively evaluate how population dynamics and extinction risk are affected by inclusion of life history diversity and alternative restoration scenarios. The resulting analyses showed that, across locations and years, between 3-29% of juvenile coho are early migrants to the stream estuary ecotone during their first winter. The majority of early migrants originated in the main-stem reaches lower in the watershed. Subsequent sensitivity analysis identified marine survival and smolt emigrant overwinter survival as highly influential in the long-term trends for this population. While the proportion of individuals expressing an 'early emigrant' life history variant is significant, this strategy showed low sensitivity relative to other life stages in defining long-term population growth under this modeling construct. In contrast, 50-year population simulations showed significant gains in adult escapement up to 43% when early emigrant life histories were included. This suggests that while alternative life history variants may not be the single greatest driver of population growth, their exclusion in management models may constitute a significant oversight in population management. Additionally, the probability of local population extinction was reduced substantially from 36% to 8% with the incorporation of life history diversity in the modeling structure. Historic coho salmon rearing habitats have been vastly diminished during the last 100 years in both stream and estuary areas. This modeling approach can help to identify sites to focus habitat restoration where it can strengthen individual populations' long-term growth or abilities to persist in the face of environmental stochasticity.
Book Synopsis Suitability of Coho Salmon Habitat in Maddox and Carpenter Creeks, Skagit Delta, Washington by : Ellen P. Preece
Download or read book Suitability of Coho Salmon Habitat in Maddox and Carpenter Creeks, Skagit Delta, Washington written by Ellen P. Preece and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Spawning Site Selection of Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus Kisutch in Susitna River Tributaries, Alaska by : Betsy W. McCracken
Download or read book Spawning Site Selection of Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus Kisutch in Susitna River Tributaries, Alaska written by Betsy W. McCracken and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch are the most widely distributed Pacific salmon species across Alaska. The lack of knowledge surrounding the habitat requirements of this species results in challenges for conservation and management due to natural and anthropogenic pressures. Tributaries of the Susitna River drainage in Alaska support many small and distinct Coho Salmon populations. Heterogeneity of in-stream spawning habitat is an ecological concept known to promote resiliency of salmonid populations. The goal of this study was to investigate the best habitat predictors of spawning site selection and the scale by which spawning habitat should be evaluated for management insights. Scale is particularly important when measuring, assessing, and predicting potential impacts to species from development activities because habitat research at the stream rather than the reach scale can overestimate the amount of available spawning habitat. I investigated a suite of field-measured stream habitat variables paired with empirical Coho Salmon spawning survey data in five tributaries during 2013 and 2014. Physical data was defined as biotic and abiotic surroundings of an organism or population that have an influence on survival, development, and evolution. Mixed-effects modeling results indicated that Coho Salmon spawning-site selection was positively related to gravel substrate and the presence of groundwater flux, and that spawning Coho Salmon avoided cobble substrate. Physical data were analyzed at both the stream and reach scales, and mixed-effects modeling results further concluded that variation in spawning activity at the reach scale (variance = 1.34, SD = 1.16) accounted for more variability and was more predictive than at the stream scale(variance = 0.04, SD = 0.19). This is important because fish habitat-associations identified at the reach scale were not identified at the stream scale. These results highlight the need for multi-scale habitat data collections and analyses to identify the most meaningful fish-habitat associations.
Book Synopsis Marine Survival of Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) from Small Coastal Watersheds in Northern California by : Sean M. Cochran
Download or read book Marine Survival of Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) from Small Coastal Watersheds in Northern California written by Sean M. Cochran and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: California coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch populations are at low abundance and factors governing recruitment variability remain unclear. Changes in freshwater habitat that increase juvenile growth and size of salmon outmigrating to sea (smolts) may improve ocean survival. The best data to evaluate this among wild coho salmon populations in California come from life-cycle monitoring (LCM) stations. This study investigated whether marine survival is size-dependent (larger individuals within a cohort have higher marine survival) and whether sites and years with higher growth have higher marine survival across five LCM locations. I tested for size-dependent survival using two techniques: comparing the size of outmigrating smolts and back-calculated smolt sizes from scales of adult fish that survived to return; and using information from fish that were tagged as smolts and survived to return as adults. Analyses comparing smolt sizes back-calculated from adult scales and observed lengths from smolt traps indicated that within-year size-dependent mortality at sea occurred among many outmigrant cohorts, while analyses using smolt lengths of recaptured adult fish tagged as juveniles did not indicate any within-cohort size-selective mortality at sea. Potential explanations for the conflicting results include errors in scale back-calculation; smolts growing in habitats below smolt traps prior to ocean entrance; and fish with alternative juvenile life histories that were unaccounted for in outmigrant sampling surviving and contributing to the adult populations. In regressions across sites and years, marine survival was positively associated with early marine growth measured from the scales of surviving adult salmon and in some instances marine survival was also positively associated with mean fork length of outmigrating smolts. Although size may be an important determinant of ocean survival, this study shows that comparison of back-calculated smolts sizes from scales of adult fish and observed lengths of smolts at an upstream trapping location are unreliable approaches for testing size-selective mortality. This study also provides support for expanding studies at LCM stations to determine how juvenile coho salmon use habitat downstream of migrant trapping locations.
Book Synopsis Effect of Rearing Location on Escapement of Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) at Freshwater Creek, California by : Barbara L. McCoy
Download or read book Effect of Rearing Location on Escapement of Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) at Freshwater Creek, California written by Barbara L. McCoy and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Variation in the Timing of Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) Migration and Spawning Relative to River Discharge and Temperature by : Rachel LovellFord
Download or read book Variation in the Timing of Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) Migration and Spawning Relative to River Discharge and Temperature written by Rachel LovellFord and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) migration and spawning are unique components of the salmon life cycle because they require synchrony of behavior with other individuals as well as with acceptable fluvial conditions. As with other organisms that exhibit group mating behavior, it is likely that environmental cues trigger coho salmon movement to spawning grounds. These cues may also provide usable habitat for migration and spawning. River discharge, temperature, and length of day have long been assumed to be the environmental cues which trigger migration and spawning of coho salmon as coho return within the same season each year to spawn. Hatchery studies have also shown that the timing of reproductive behavior is heritable. If this heritability is determined by the fluvial conditions of the spawning grounds, then a predictable relationship should exist between reproductive behavior and the hydrologic and thermal regimes. Surprisingly, no defensible correlations between discharge thresholds and spawning or migrating activity have been identified for naturally reproducing coho salmon. Thermal, velocity, and depth limitations have been identified for coho salmon, but these values have not been examined in combination or within the context of a hydrologic and thermal regime. This study compares interannual patterns in the timing of coho mid-river migration in the North Umqua (180 km up river from the estuary) and the initiation of spawn timing in the Smith River basins (Oregon) with river discharge and water temperature data to ascertain whether these behaviors are driven by fluvial conditions. Additionally, we used this data to identify the window over which most migration and spawning takes place in our test systems. On the North Umpqua, coho salmon mid-river migration initiated (first 5% of migrants) after summer peak temperatures and following a threshold average daily temperature of 18° C, but before fall storm events occurred. In most years, approximately 75% of the migrating coho salmon have moved past the Winchester Dam before fall storms initiated and when discharge remained less than the 11 year average for the month of November, more similar to summer than winter flow levels. Additionally, characteristic lengths and numbers of peaks within the distribution of annual migrations were attributable to the generational cohort that the migration belonged to despite the similarity in population size across all years. These patterns in the distribution of generational cohorts suggest an inherited timing response as well as highlight cohorts which may contain diminished sub-populations. The initiation of coho salmon spawning appears limited both by a thermal threshold of 12° C in all basins, as well as by a minimal discharge threshold, which is unique to each stream. Continued spawning activity occurs as discharge remains elevated from fall levels. It is also notable that there was no statistical difference in the date of the initiation of spawning within each basin in a given year or across years at a given site. Together, these studies highlight the important role that the coho salmon genome plays in reproductive timing as well as the ways that fluvial thresholds limit reproductive behavior in time. Coho have survived because of their genome has been resilient when faced with environmental change. Future work should consider variability in fluvial conditions relative to coho salmon phenotypic plasticity over time. Coho salmon phenotypic plasticity will determine whether the rate of change of the hydrologic and thermal regimes important to coho salmon survival outpaces the coho's ability to adapt. This study contributed to this future work by establishing baseline relationships between the behavior of a threatened species and measurable environmental thresholds.
Book Synopsis Ecological Characterization of the Central and Northern California Coastal Region: pt.1. Habitats. pt.2. Community composition lists by :
Download or read book Ecological Characterization of the Central and Northern California Coastal Region: pt.1. Habitats. pt.2. Community composition lists written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Recolonization Potential for Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) in Tributaries to the Klamath River After Dam Removal by : Max M. Ramos
Download or read book Recolonization Potential for Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) in Tributaries to the Klamath River After Dam Removal written by Max M. Ramos and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Removal of four major dams on the Klamath River is scheduled to begin in 2023, restoring access to greater than 50 km of historic mainstem habitat for coho salmon. However, mainstem habitat may not be suitable for juvenile coho salmon due to elevated water temperatures and high concentrations of infectious myxospores in the summer and fast water velocities in the winter. Small, cooler tributaries can provide essential habitat for escape from deleterious conditions in the mainstem Klamath River. I used temperature and other physical features of six tributaries to the Klamath River above Iron Gate Dam to assess their capacity to support juvenile coho salmon following dam removal. I applied the Habitat Limiting Factors and Intrinsic Potential models to tributaries above Iron Gate Dam to estimate potential capacity. I also developed an occupancy model using data from reference tributaries below the dam and from other nearby watersheds to estimate the potential distribution of juvenile coho salmon in tributaries above Iron Gate Dam. I found that the six newly accessible tributary streams will provide greater than 26 km of accessible rearing habitat. Most streams had summer temperature suitable for coho salmon, with maximum weekly maximum and maximum weekly average temperatures ranging from 13.2 °C to 24.0°C and 12.0 °C to 20.7 °C respectively. The Habitat Limit Factors model estimated that the streams could support up to 105,000 juvenile coho salmon in the summer, with most of this capacity (66,300 individuals) in Spencer Creek (note that predicted capacity is not a prediction of actual production following dam removal). Four out of the six streams exhibited high intrinsic potential, particularly near their confluences with the Klamath River. In reference streams, coho salmon occupancy ranged from 0.41-0.44 of available habitat. I found that the probability of summertime occupancy by juvenile coho salmon was positively correlated with percent instream cover, surface area, and nearby coho salmon hatchery production. Applying these relationships to the study streams, Scotch, Jenny, Fall, Shovel, and Spencer creeks exhibited 0.48, 0.50, 0.53, 0.46, and 0.61 mean occupancy probability respectively. I also found that Scotch, Jenny, Fall, Shovel, and Spencer creeks contained 26%, 2%, 7%, 2%, and 46% by surface area of suitable spawning gravels for adult coho salmon. Based on model predictions and a large quantity of suitable habitat for coho salmon habitat, Spencer Creek should be prioritized for restoration and protection. While Spencer Creek contains a large quantity of suitable habitat for coho salmon, I identified limited spawning and rearing habitat in Jenny, Fall, and Shovel creeks suggesting a need for habitat restoration.
