Philosophy Expertise And The Myth Of Neutrality

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Philosophy, Expertise, and the Myth of Neutrality

Author : Mirko Farina
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781003374480
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (744 download)

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Book Synopsis Philosophy, Expertise, and the Myth of Neutrality by : Mirko Farina

Download or read book Philosophy, Expertise, and the Myth of Neutrality written by Mirko Farina and published by . This book was released on 2024 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This volume offers a new framework for understanding expertise. It proposes a reconceptualization of the traditional notion of expertise and calls for the development of a new contextual and action-oriented notion of expertise, which is attentive to axiological values, intellectual virtues, and moral qualities. Experts are usually called upon, especially during times of emergency, either as decision makers or as advisors in formulating policies that often have a significant impact on society. And yet, for certain types of choices, there is a growing tension between experts' recommendations and alternative views. The chapters in this volume critically assess the idea of whether possessing epistemic authority can automatically make someone's assertions necessarily more grounded than others. They evaluate not only the epistemological implications of this idea, but also reflect on its ethical, socio-cultural, and political consequences. The interdisciplinary framework advanced across the chapters seeks to overcome certain limitations that underlie current models of expertise by adopting more inclusive and representative decisions that can improve the perceived neutrality of experts' decisions. Increasing neutrality means reducing cases in which an unidentified bias-be it a scientific one or not-puts any of the individuals involved in a specific public choice at a systematic disadvantage. Philosophy, Expertise, and the Myth of Neutrality will appeal to scholars and advanced students working in epistemology, philosophy of science, philosophy of the social sciences, public policy, and sociology"--

Philosophy, Expertise, and the Myth of Neutrality

Author : Mirko Farina
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1040003257
Total Pages : 313 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis Philosophy, Expertise, and the Myth of Neutrality by : Mirko Farina

Download or read book Philosophy, Expertise, and the Myth of Neutrality written by Mirko Farina and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-03-29 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume offers a new framework for understanding expertise. It proposes a reconceptualization of the traditional notion of expertise and calls for the development of a new contextual and action-oriented notion of expertise, which is attentive to axiological values, intellectual virtues, and moral qualities. Experts are usually called upon, especially during times of emergency, either as decision-makers or as advisors in formulating policies that often have a significant impact on society. And yet, for certain types of choices, there is a growing tension between experts’ recommendations and alternative views. The chapters in this volume critically assess the idea of whether possessing epistemic authority can automatically make someone’s assertions necessarily more grounded than others. They not only evaluate the epistemological implications of this idea but also reflect on its ethical, socio-cultural, and political consequences. The interdisciplinary framework advanced across the chapters seeks to overcome certain limitations that underlie current models of expertise by adopting more inclusive and representative decisions that can improve the perceived neutrality of experts’ decisions. Increasing neutrality means reducing cases in which an unidentified bias – be it a scientific one or not – puts any of the individuals involved in a specific public choice at a systematic disadvantage. Philosophy, Expertise, and the Myth of Neutrality will appeal to scholars and advanced students working in epistemology, philosophy of science, philosophy of the social sciences, public policy, and sociology.

Expertise

Author : Mirko Farina
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198877307
Total Pages : 303 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)

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Book Synopsis Expertise by : Mirko Farina

Download or read book Expertise written by Mirko Farina and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2024-09-06 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a collective study of philosophical questions to do with experts and expertise, such as: What is an expert? Who decides who the experts are? Should we always defer to experts? How should expertise inform public policy? What happens when the experts disagree? Must experts be unbiased? Does it matter what the source of the expertise is?

Maintenance and Philosophy of Technology

Author : Mark Thomas Young
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1040024963
Total Pages : 338 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis Maintenance and Philosophy of Technology by : Mark Thomas Young

Download or read book Maintenance and Philosophy of Technology written by Mark Thomas Young and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-03-18 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What can we learn about the nature of technology by studying practices of maintenance and repair? This volume addresses this question by bringing together scholarship from philosophers of technology working at the forefront of this emerging and exciting topic. The chapters in this volume explore how attending to maintenance and repair can challenge and complement existing ways of thinking about technology focused on use and design and introduce new philosophical perspectives on the relationship between technology, time and human practice. They examine the significance of maintenance and repair practices at different scales in relation to a diverse range of philosophical traditions and a wide variety of technologies, from urban infrastructure such as bridges and buildings to data technologies such as servers and software systems. Together, the contributions highlight common themes in the philosophical study of maintenance, including the role of skill, the significance of social values and the potential of these practices to transform the technologies to which they are applied. By reflecting on the different ways in which we keep technologies going, from the devices we use in our homes to the large technical systems which surround us, this volume reveals the philosophical significance of practices of maintenance, not only as a source of new insights but also as a resource for enriching our understanding of a variety of existing topics in philosophy. Maintenance and Philosophy of Technology will appeal to scholars and advanced students working in philosophy of technology, philosophy of engineering and science & technology studies. Chapter 9 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

Cross-Tradition Engagement on the Laws of Logic

Author : Bo Mou
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1040040128
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis Cross-Tradition Engagement on the Laws of Logic by : Bo Mou

Download or read book Cross-Tradition Engagement on the Laws of Logic written by Bo Mou and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-06-14 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book demonstrates how, through cross-tradition engagement, insights and engaging treatments from the Chinese philosophical tradition can work with relevant resources from modern logic and contemporary philosophy to enhance our understanding of two basic principles of logic: the law of identity and the law of non-contradiction. The law of identity and the law of non-contradiction are widely accepted principles in logic and other intellectual pursuits. However, there are disagreements as to how to understand and treat the genuine structures and contents of these two basic principles. This book provides a holistic inquiry into these principles for the sake of enhancing our understanding and treatment of them from the vantage point of cross-tradition engagement. It begins by offering a philosophical interpretation of three classical texts in Chinese philosophy in their respective contexts: the “Bai-Ma-Lun” in Gongsun Long’s texts, the “Xiao-Qu” in the Later Mohist texts, and Lao Zi’s Dao-De-Jing in classical Daoism. The author explains an innovative dual-track characterization of relative identity that is informed by relevant resources from these texts as well as Western philosophical traditions. He shows how this cross-tradition engaging approach can make constructive and significant contributions to the jointly concerned fundamental issues of identity and reference in logic, philosophy of logic and language, metaphysics, as well as philosophy more generally. Cross-Tradition Engagement on the Laws of Logic will appeal to scholars and advanced students working in philosophy of logic, philosophy of language, Chinese philosophy, and comparative philosophy.

New Perspectives on the Ontology of Social Identities

Author : Alejandro Arango
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1040034225
Total Pages : 215 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis New Perspectives on the Ontology of Social Identities by : Alejandro Arango

Download or read book New Perspectives on the Ontology of Social Identities written by Alejandro Arango and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-06-03 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Hope and Horror of Physicalism

Author : Christopher Devlin Brown
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1040046452
Total Pages : 147 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis The Hope and Horror of Physicalism by : Christopher Devlin Brown

Download or read book The Hope and Horror of Physicalism written by Christopher Devlin Brown and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-06-14 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book assesses the existentially relevant consequences of physicalism. It argues that accepting physicalism is the healthiest stance we can take in the face of an account of the self and world which offers no metaphysical assurances. Why should we care about physicalism? On one hand, the view seems to be inconsistent with things that many people find valuable, such as the existence of free will, God, the immortal soul, ultimate purpose, and natural laws like karma. On the other hand, physicalism seems to have positive existential implications such as supporting the unlimited potential of scientific understanding or the attitude that we need not fear supernatural powers or forces because they don’t exist. This book argues that physicalism has several consequences that are of existential import. It begins by outlining the history of physicalism and explaining two popular ways of understanding it: the via negativa approach and the theory-based approach. The rest of Part 1 explores the existential consequences of these two versions of physicalism. Part 2 draws on Nietzsche to construct an argument about what attitude we ought to adopt toward physicalism. It argues that we ought to avoid nihilism and despair even when being confronted with a picture of the universe which offers no metaphysical assurances. Finally, Part 3 is dedicated to how well physicalism deals with the hard problem of consciousness, mental causation, and multiple realization. The Hope and Horror of Physicalism will appeal to anyone interested in a contemporary approach to existential philosophy, as well as scholars and advanced students working in the fields of philosophy of mind and metaphysics.

Intentionality as Constitution

Author : Alberto Voltolini
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1040088341
Total Pages : 239 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis Intentionality as Constitution by : Alberto Voltolini

Download or read book Intentionality as Constitution written by Alberto Voltolini and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-06-28 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book develops a novel theory of intentionality. It argues that intentionality is an internal essential relation of constitution between an intentional state and an object, or between such a state and a possible state of affairs as subsisting. The author’s main claim is that intentionality is a fundamentally modal property, hence a non (scientifically) natural property in that it does not supervene, either locally or globally, on its nonmodal physical basis. This is the property, primarily for an intentional mental state, to be constituted by the entities it is about. In the case of intentionality of reference, such constituents are objects, in the sense of individuals; in the case of intentionality of content, such constituents are possible states of affairs as subsisting. Constitution is meant in a mereologically literal sense: those constituents are essential parts of the relevant states. As a result, the theory claims not only that intentionality is relational but also that it is an internal, essential relation holding between an intentional state and its object or proposition-like content. Intentionality as Constitution will be of interest to scholars and advanced students working in philosophy of mind, philosophy of language, metaphysics, and cognitive science.

The Myth of Religious Neutrality

Author : Roy A. Clouser
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 424 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Myth of Religious Neutrality by : Roy A. Clouser

Download or read book The Myth of Religious Neutrality written by Roy A. Clouser and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a reinterpretation of the general relations between religion, science, and philosophy, arguing that scientific theories depend on religious commitments.

Contemporary Dualism

Author : Andrea Lavazza
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136682406
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (366 download)

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Book Synopsis Contemporary Dualism by : Andrea Lavazza

Download or read book Contemporary Dualism written by Andrea Lavazza and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-02-03 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ontological materialism, in its various forms, has become the orthodox view in contemporary philosophy of mind. This book provides a variety of defenses of mind-body dualism, and shows (explicitly or implicitly) that a thoroughgoing ontological materialism cannot be sustained. The contributions are intended to show that, at the very least, ontological dualism (as contrasted with a dualism that is merely linguistic or epistemic) constitutes a philosophically respectable alternative to the monistic views that currently dominate thought about the mind-body (or, perhaps more appropriately, person-body) relation.

The Myth of the Intuitive

Author : Max Emil Deutsch
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262028956
Total Pages : 215 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis The Myth of the Intuitive by : Max Emil Deutsch

Download or read book The Myth of the Intuitive written by Max Emil Deutsch and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2015-04-24 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A defense of traditional philosophical method against challenges from practitioners of “experimental philosophy.” In The Myth of the Intuitive, Max Deutsch defends the methods of analytic philosophy against a recent empirical challenge mounted by the practitioners of experimental philosophy (xphi). This challenge concerns the extent to which analytic philosophy relies on intuition—in particular, the extent to which analytic philosophers treat intuitions as evidence in arguing for philosophical conclusions. Experimental philosophers say that analytic philosophers place a great deal of evidential weight on people's intuitions about hypothetical cases and thought experiments. Deutsch argues forcefully that this view of traditional philosophical method is a myth, part of “metaphilosophical folklore,” and he supports his argument with close examinations of results from xphi and of a number of influential arguments in analytic philosophy. Analytic philosophy makes regular use of hypothetical examples and thought experiments, but, Deutsch writes, philosophers argue for their claims about what is true or not true in these examples and thought experiments. It is these arguments, not intuitions, that are treated as evidence for the claims. Deutsch discusses xphi and some recent xphi studies; critiques a variety of other metaphilosophical claims; examines such famous arguments as Gettier's refutation of the JTB (justified true belief) theory and Kripke's Gödel Case argument against descriptivism about proper names, and shows that they rely on reasoning rather than intuition; and finds existing critiques of xphi, the “Multiple Concepts” and “Expertise” replies, to be severely lacking.

The Myth of Religious Neutrality, Revised Edition

Author : Roy A. Clouser
Publisher : University of Notre Dame Pess
ISBN 13 : 0268077010
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (68 download)

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Book Synopsis The Myth of Religious Neutrality, Revised Edition by : Roy A. Clouser

Download or read book The Myth of Religious Neutrality, Revised Edition written by Roy A. Clouser and published by University of Notre Dame Pess. This book was released on 2005-05-15 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written for undergraduates, the educated layperson, and scholars in fields other than philosophy, The Myth of Religious Neutrality offers a radical reinterpretation of the general relations between religion, science, and philosophy. This new edition has been completely revised and updated by the author.

Philosophical Frameworks for Understanding Information Systems

Author : Basden, Andrew
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1599040387
Total Pages : 412 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (99 download)

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Book Synopsis Philosophical Frameworks for Understanding Information Systems by : Basden, Andrew

Download or read book Philosophical Frameworks for Understanding Information Systems written by Basden, Andrew and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2007-11-30 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "There are five main areas in which humans relate to information and communications technology: the nature of computers and information, the creation of information technologies, the development of artifacts for human use, the usage of information systems, and IT as our environment. This book strives to develop philosophical frameworks for these areas"--Provided by publisher.

What Can She Know?

Author : Lorraine Code
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 150173573X
Total Pages : 367 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis What Can She Know? by : Lorraine Code

Download or read book What Can She Know? written by Lorraine Code and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2018-09-05 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this lively and accessible book Lorraine Code addresses one of the most controversial questions in contemporary theory of knowledge, a question of fundamental concern for feminist theory as well: Is the sex of the knower epistemologically significant? Responding in the affirmative, Code offers a radical alterantive to mainstream philosophy's terms for what counts as knowledge and how it is to be evaluated. Code first reviews the literature of established epistemologies and unmasks the prevailing assumption in Anglo-American philosophy that "the knower" is a value-free and ideologically neutral abstraction. Approaching knowledge as a social construct produced and validated through critical dialogue, she defines the knower in light of a conception of subjectivity based on a personal relational model. Code maps out the relevance of the particular people involved in knowing: their historical specificity, the kinds of relationships they have, the effects of social position and power on those relationships, and the ways in which knowledge can change both knower and known. In an exploration of the politics of knowledge that mainstream epistemologies sustain, she examines such issues as the function of knowledge in shaping institutions and the unequal distribution of cognitive resources. What Can She Know? will raise the level of debate concerning epistemological issues among philosophers, political and social scientists, and anyone interested in feminist theory.

Women's Work

Author : Ellen Cole
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136376208
Total Pages : 397 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (363 download)

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Book Synopsis Women's Work by : Ellen Cole

Download or read book Women's Work written by Ellen Cole and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-04-03 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While most women’s studies texts function “topically” as “readings” for courses and general use, Women’s Work: A Survey of Scholarship By and About Women takes a broad spectrum of women’s disciplines--psychological, artistic, religious, and philosophical--and gives you a diverse, interdisciplinary view of this important and ever-expanding field of study in one accessible volume. You’ll see that women are leading the world into the twenty-first century in such areas as education, business, health, and science. You’ll also find your appreciation for the current developments in women’s studies increase as you see how far-reaching and multifaceted this crucial discipline really is. Women’s Work avoids the compilations of topical readings that tend to bog down typical women’s studies courses and explores the different disciplines that continue to make this field central to the development of the academic world community. You’ll find your perspective on women’s studies expand and take on new meaning as you delve into these and other areas: feminist approaches to research the lack of women in science and feminist critiques of science women and health psychology and discussions on sex differences, sex similarities, and gender roles communication differences between men and women women in literature, art history, and metaphysics Judeo-Christian religions and goddess religions This comprehensive compendium has something for everyone interested in the massive contribution that women have made--and will continue to make--in all areas of human development. All readers, especially women’s studies scholars, professors, students, and informed members of the general public looking for an excellent, up-to-date resource concerning the general direction of feminist disciplines today, will definitely want a copy of Women’s Work.

The Philosophy of Expertise

Author : Evan Selinger
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780231136440
Total Pages : 438 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (364 download)

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Book Synopsis The Philosophy of Expertise by : Evan Selinger

Download or read book The Philosophy of Expertise written by Evan Selinger and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the use of expert testimony in the courtroom to the advice we rely on to solve key economic, political, and social problems, expertise is an essential part of our decision-making process. However, the extent to which experts can be trusted is a subject of persistent and contentious debate. The Philosophy of Expertise is the first collection to explore the fundamental philosophical issues surrounding these authorities and their expert knowledge. Part 1 considers the problems surrounding the issue of trust and deference; part 2 launches a phenomenological clarification of expertise that pinpoints the universal structures embodied in cognition and affect; and part 3 examines the consequences of the social and technical externalization of expertise. Contributors including Edward Said, Alvin Goldman, Peter Singer, Hubert Dreyfus, Julia Annas, Harry Collins, and Don Ihde draw on a number of intellectual approaches to explore the justification of expert authority, the potentially dangerous role of expertise in a liberal democratic society, how laypeople can critique experts, and the social and ideological character of expert advice. The contributors also discuss the reasoning process of judges and juries, the ancient Greek view of moral conduct, and the incorporation of experts into governmental bureaucracy. By honestly tackling the legitimacy and consistency of various positions, this volume sheds much-needed light on the theoretical dimensions of a controversial and pervasive practice. Contributors: Alvin I. Goldman, Don Ihde, Edward Said, Evan Selinger and John Mix, Evan Selinger and Robert P. Crease, H. M. Collins and Robert Evans, Hélène Mialet, Hubert Dreyfus, John Hardwig, Julia Annas, Paul Feyerabend, Peter Singer, Scott Brewer, Steve Fuller, Steven Turner

Institutional Constructivism in Social Sciences and Law

Author : Dora Kostakopoulou
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108470548
Total Pages : 231 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Institutional Constructivism in Social Sciences and Law by : Dora Kostakopoulou

Download or read book Institutional Constructivism in Social Sciences and Law written by Dora Kostakopoulou and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-10-04 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book develops the model of institutional constructivism to aid socio-legal research and to account for patterns of socio-legal change.