Perception And Analogy

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Perception and analogy

Author : Rosalind Powell
Publisher : Manchester University Press
ISBN 13 : 1526157039
Total Pages : 218 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (261 download)

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Book Synopsis Perception and analogy by : Rosalind Powell

Download or read book Perception and analogy written by Rosalind Powell and published by Manchester University Press. This book was released on 2021-10-19 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perception and analogy explores ways of seeing scientifically in the eighteenth century. The book examines how sensory experience is conceptualised during the period, drawing novel connections between treatments of perception as an embodied phenomenon and the creative methods employed by natural philosophers. Covering a wealth of literary, theological, and pedagogical texts that engage with astronomy, optics, ophthalmology, and the body, it argues for the significance of analogies for conceptualising and explaining new scientific ideas. As well as identifying their use in religious and topographical poetry, the book addresses how analogies are visible in material culture through objects such as orreries, camera obscuras, and aeolian harps. It makes the vital claim that scientific concepts become intertwined with Christian discourse through reinterpretations of origins and signs, the scope of the created universe, and the limits of embodied knowledge.

Analogy-making as Perception

Author : Melanie Mitchell
Publisher : Bradford Book
ISBN 13 : 9780262515443
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (154 download)

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Book Synopsis Analogy-making as Perception by : Melanie Mitchell

Download or read book Analogy-making as Perception written by Melanie Mitchell and published by Bradford Book. This book was released on 1993 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The psychologist William James observed that "a native talent for perceiving analogies is... the leading fact in genius of every order." The centrality and the ubiquity of analogy in creative thought have been noted again and again by scientists, artists, and writers, and understanding and modeling analogical thought have emerged as two of the most important challenges for cognitive science.Analogy-Making as Perception is based on the premise that analogy-making is fundamentally a high-level perceptual process in which the interaction of perception and concepts gives rise to "conceptual slippages" which allow analogies to be made. It describes Copycat - a computer model of analogymaking, developed by the author with Douglas Hofstadter, that models the complex, subconscious interaction between perception and concepts that underlies the creation of analogies.In Copycat, both concepts and high-level perception are emergent phenomena, arising from large numbers of low-level, parallel, non-deterministic activities. In the spectrum of cognitive modeling approaches, Copycat occupies a unique intermediate position between symbolic systems and connectionist systems a position that is at present the most useful one for understanding the fluidity of concepts and high-level perception.On one level the work described here is about analogy-making, but on another level it is about cognition in general. It explores such issues as the nature of concepts and perception and the emergence of highly flexible concepts from a lower-level "subcognitive" substrate.Melanie Mitchell, Assistant Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the University of Michigan, is a Fellow of the Michigan Society of Fellows. She is also Director of the Adaptive Computation Program at the Santa Fe Institute.

The Subtlety of Sameness

Author : Robert Matthew French
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262061803
Total Pages : 218 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (618 download)

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Book Synopsis The Subtlety of Sameness by : Robert Matthew French

Download or read book The Subtlety of Sameness written by Robert Matthew French and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1995 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The research described in this book is based on the premise that human analogy-making is an extension of our constant background process of perceiving--in other words, that analogy-making and the perception of sameness are two sides of the same coin. Foreword by Daniel Dennett While it is fashionable today to dismiss the "bad old days" of artificial intelligence and rave about emergent self-organizing systems, Robert French has created a model of human analogy-making that attempts to bridge the gap between classical top-down AI and more recent bottom-up approaches. The research described in this book is based on the premise that human analogy-making is an extension of our constant background process of perceiving--in other words, that analogy-making and the perception of sameness are two sides of the same coin. At the heart of the author's theory and computer model of analogy-making is the idea that the building-up and the manipulation of representations are inseparable aspects of mental functioning, in contrast to traditional AI models of high-level cognitive processes, which have almost always depended on a clean separation. A computer program called Tabletop forms analogies in a microdomain consisting of everyday objects on a table set for a meal. The theory and the program rely on the idea that myriad stochastic choices made on the microlevel can add up to statistical robustness on a macrolevel. To illustrate this, French includes the results of thousands of runs of his program on several dozen interrelated analogy problems in the Tabletop microworld. French's work is exciting not only because it reveals analogy-making to be an extension of our complex and subtle ability to perceive sameness but also because it offers a computational model of mechanisms underlying these processes. This model makes significant strides in putting into practice microlevel stochastic processing, distributed processing, simulated parallelism, and the integration of representation-building and representation-processing. A Bradford Book

Analogy-making as Perception

Author : Melanie Mitchell
Publisher : Bradford Books
ISBN 13 : 9780262132893
Total Pages : 275 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (328 download)

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Book Synopsis Analogy-making as Perception by : Melanie Mitchell

Download or read book Analogy-making as Perception written by Melanie Mitchell and published by Bradford Books. This book was released on 1993 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The psychologist William James observed that "a native talent for perceiving analogies is ... the leading fact in genius of every order." The centrality and the ubiquity of analogy in creative thought have been noted again and again by scientists, artists, and writers, and understanding and modeling analogical thought have emerged as two of the most important challenges for cognitive science. Analogy-Making as Perception is based on the premise that analogy-making is fundamentally a high-level perceptual process in which the interaction of perception and concepts gives rise to "conceptual slippages" which allow analogies to be made. It describes Copycat - a computer model of analogymaking, developed by the author with Douglas Hofstadter, that models the complex, subconscious interaction between perception and concepts that underlies the creation of analogies. In Copycat, both concepts and high-level perception are emergent phenomena, arising from large numbers of low-level, parallel, non-deterministic activities. In the spectrum of cognitive modeling approaches, Copycat occupies a unique intermediate position between symbolic systems and connectionist systems a position that is at present the most useful one for understanding the fluidity of concepts and high-level perception. On one level the work described here is about analogy-making, but on another level it is about cognition in general. It explores such issues as the nature of concepts and perception and the emergence of highly flexible concepts from a lower-level "subcognitive" substrate. Melanie Mitchell, Assistant Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the University of Michigan, is a Fellow of the Michigan Society of Fellows. She is also Director of the Adaptive Computation Program at the Santa Fe Institute.

Visual Analogy

Author : Barbara Maria Stafford
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262692670
Total Pages : 246 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (926 download)

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Book Synopsis Visual Analogy by : Barbara Maria Stafford

Download or read book Visual Analogy written by Barbara Maria Stafford and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2001-08-24 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A groundbreaking book exploring the discovery of sameness in otherness. Recuperating a topic once central to philosophy, theology, rhetoric, and aesthetics, this groundbreaking book explores the discovery of sameness in otherness. Analogy poses an intriguingly ancient and modern conundrum. How, in the face of cultural diversity, can a unique someone or something be perceived as like what it is not? This book is for anyone puzzled by why today, as Barbara Maria Stafford claims, "we possess no language for talking about resemblance, only an exaggerated awareness of difference." Well-designed images, Stafford argues, reveal the mind's intuitive leaps to connect known with unknown experience. The first of four wide-ranging chapters paints a challenging overview of several pressing contemporary issues. Cloning, legal controversies about social inequity, identity politics, electronic copying, and the mimicry of virtual reality expose the need for a nuanced theory of similitude. The second examines the historical tug-of-war between analogy and allegory, or disanalogy. Stafford provocatively suggests that, since the Romantic Era, we have been living in polarizingly allegorical times. The third roots this divisiveness within the momentous shift from a magical universe, modeled on sexual bonds, to an engineered world built of discrete automated units. Finally, recent developments in computational brain research notwithstanding, major phenomenological questions about memory, emotion, intelligence, and awareness beckon. In the fourth chapter, Stafford intervenes in the consciousness debates to propose a humanistic cognitive science with bridging/analogy at its artful core.

Surfaces and Essences

Author : Douglas Hofstadter
Publisher : Basic Books (AZ)
ISBN 13 : 0465018475
Total Pages : 594 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (65 download)

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Book Synopsis Surfaces and Essences by : Douglas Hofstadter

Download or read book Surfaces and Essences written by Douglas Hofstadter and published by Basic Books (AZ). This book was released on 2013-04-23 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shows how analogy-making pervades human thought at all levels, influencing the choice of words and phrases in speech, providing guidance in unfamiliar situations, and giving rise to great acts of imagination.

Metaphor and Analogy in the Sciences

Author : F. Hallyn
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9780792365600
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (656 download)

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Book Synopsis Metaphor and Analogy in the Sciences by : F. Hallyn

Download or read book Metaphor and Analogy in the Sciences written by F. Hallyn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2000-10-31 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of papers contains historical case studies, systematic contributions of a general nature, and applications to specific sciences. The bibliographies of the contributions contain references to all central items from the traditions that are relevant today. While providing access to contemporary views on the issue, the papers illustrate the wide variety of functions of metaphors and analogies, as well as the many connections between the study of some of these functions and other subjects and disciplines.

Fluid Concepts and Creative Analogies

Author : Douglas R. Hofstadter
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780140258356
Total Pages : 518 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (583 download)

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Book Synopsis Fluid Concepts and Creative Analogies by : Douglas R. Hofstadter

Download or read book Fluid Concepts and Creative Analogies written by Douglas R. Hofstadter and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hosftadter and his colleagues at The Fluid Analogies Research Group have developed computer models that help describe and explain human discovery, creation and analogical thought. The key issue of perception is investigated through the exploration of playful anagrams, number puzzles, word play and fanciful alphabetical styles, and the result is a survey of cognitive processes. This text presents the results.

Mental Leaps

Author : Keith J. Holyoak
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262581448
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (814 download)

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Book Synopsis Mental Leaps by : Keith J. Holyoak

Download or read book Mental Leaps written by Keith J. Holyoak and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1996-01-31 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analogy—recalling familiar past situations to deal with novel ones—is a mental tool that everyone uses. Analogy can provide invaluable creative insights, but it can also lead to dangerous errors. In Mental Leaps two leading cognitive scientists show how analogy works and how it can be used most effectively. Keith Holyoak and Paul Thagard provide a unified, comprehensive account of the diverse operations and applications of analogy, including problem solving, decision making, explanation, and communication. Holyoak and Thagard present their own theory of analogy, considering its implications for cognitive science in general, and survey examples from many other domains. These include animal cognition, developmental and social psychology, political science, philosophy, history of science, anthropology, and literature. Understanding how we draw analogies is important for people interested in the evolution of thinking in animals and in children; for those whose focus is on either creative thinking or errors of everyday reasoning; for those concerned with how decisions are made in law, business, and politics; and for those striving to improve education. Mental Leaps covers all of this ground, emphasizing the principles that govern the use of analogy and keeping technical matters to a minimum. A Bradford Book

Perception Metaphors

Author : Laura J. Speed
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing Company
ISBN 13 : 9027263043
Total Pages : 382 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (272 download)

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Book Synopsis Perception Metaphors by : Laura J. Speed

Download or read book Perception Metaphors written by Laura J. Speed and published by John Benjamins Publishing Company. This book was released on 2019-02-15 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metaphor allows us to think and talk about one thing in terms of another, ratcheting up our cognitive and expressive capacity. It gives us concrete terms for abstract phenomena, for example, ideas become things we can grasp or let go of. Perceptual experience—characterised as physical and relatively concrete—should be an ideal source domain in metaphor, and a less likely target. But is this the case across diverse languages? And are some sensory modalities perhaps more concrete than others? This volume presents critical new data on perception metaphors from over 40 languages, including many which are under-studied. Aside from the wealth of data from diverse languages—modern and historical; spoken and signed—a variety of methods (e.g., natural language corpora, experimental) and theoretical approaches are brought together. This collection highlights how perception metaphor can offer both a bedrock of common experience and a source of continuing innovation in human communication.

Shortcut

Author : John Pollack
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 1592409474
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (924 download)

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Book Synopsis Shortcut by : John Pollack

Download or read book Shortcut written by John Pollack and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2015-09-29 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A former presidential speechwriter for Bill Clinton explores the hidden power of analogy to fuel thought, connect ideas, spark innovation, and shape outcomes. From the meatpacking plants that inspired Henry Ford’s first moving assembly line to the domino theory that led America into Vietnam to the “bicycle for the mind” that Steve Jobs envisioned as the Macintosh computer, analogies have played a dynamic role in shaping the world around us—and still do today. Analogies are far more complex than their SAT stereotype and lie at the very core of human cognition and creativity. Once we become aware of this, we start seeing them everywhere—in ads, apps, political debates, legal arguments, logos, and euphemisms, to name just a few. At their very best, analogies inspire new ways of thinking, enable invention, and motivate people to action. Unfortunately, not every analogy that rings true is true. That’s why, at their worst, analogies can deceive, manipulate, or mislead us into disaster. The challenge? Spotting the difference before it’s too late. Rich with engaging stories, surprising examples, and a practical method to evaluate the truth or effectiveness of any analogy, Shortcut will improve critical thinking, enhance creativity, and offer readers a fresh approach to resolving some of today’s most intractable challenges.

Analogy Considered as a Guide to Truth and Applied as an Aid to Faith

Author : James Buchanan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 650 pages
Book Rating : 4.R/5 (5 download)

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Book Synopsis Analogy Considered as a Guide to Truth and Applied as an Aid to Faith by : James Buchanan

Download or read book Analogy Considered as a Guide to Truth and Applied as an Aid to Faith written by James Buchanan and published by . This book was released on 1864 with total page 650 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Analogy, considered as a Guide to Truth, and applied as an Aid to Faith

Author : James BUCHANAN (Minister of St. Stephen's Free Church, Edinburgh.)
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 648 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis Analogy, considered as a Guide to Truth, and applied as an Aid to Faith by : James BUCHANAN (Minister of St. Stephen's Free Church, Edinburgh.)

Download or read book Analogy, considered as a Guide to Truth, and applied as an Aid to Faith written by James BUCHANAN (Minister of St. Stephen's Free Church, Edinburgh.) and published by . This book was released on 1864 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Karl Barth's Analogy of Beauty

Author : Andrew Dunstan
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000517128
Total Pages : 229 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (5 download)

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Book Synopsis Karl Barth's Analogy of Beauty by : Andrew Dunstan

Download or read book Karl Barth's Analogy of Beauty written by Andrew Dunstan and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-12-30 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides the first comprehensive examination of Karl Barth’s view of beauty. For over fifty years, scholars have assumed Barth recovered traditional belief in God’s beauty but refused to entertain any relationship between this and more familiar natural and artistic beauties. Hans Urs von Balthasar was the first to offer this interpretation, and his conclusion has been echoed ever since, rendering Barth’s view of beauty irrelevant to work in theological aesthetics. This volume continues the late-twentieth-century revision of Balthasar’s interpretation of Barth by arguing that this too is a significant misunderstanding of his theology. Andrew Dunstan demonstrates that, through an encounter with fatalistic forms of Reformed theology, Brunner’s charges that his dogmatics were irrelevant and medieval thought, Barth gradually developed an analogy of divine, ecclesial and worldly beauty with all the theological, christocentric and actualistic hallmarks of his previous forms of analogy. This not only yields valuable new insight into Barth’s view of analogy but also provides a much-needed foundation for a distinctively Protestant and post-Barthian approach to theological aesthetics.

Phenomenology of Perception

Author : Maurice Merleau-Ponty
Publisher : Motilal Banarsidass Publishe
ISBN 13 : 9788120813465
Total Pages : 494 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (134 download)

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Book Synopsis Phenomenology of Perception by : Maurice Merleau-Ponty

Download or read book Phenomenology of Perception written by Maurice Merleau-Ponty and published by Motilal Banarsidass Publishe. This book was released on 1996 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Buddhist philosophy of Anicca (impermanence), Dukkha (suffering), and

Philosophy of Olfactory Perception

Author : Andreas Keller
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319336452
Total Pages : 209 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (193 download)

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Book Synopsis Philosophy of Olfactory Perception by : Andreas Keller

Download or read book Philosophy of Olfactory Perception written by Andreas Keller and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-01-05 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reconsiders the major current topics in the philosophy of perception using olfaction as the paradigm sense. The author reveals how many of the most basic concepts of philosophy of perception are based on peculiarities of visual perception not found in other modalities, and addresses how different the philosophy of perception would be if based on olfaction. The book addresses several aspects of olfaction, including perceptual qualities, percepts, olfaction and cognitive processes, and consciousness. The first part of the book considers perception with respect to its ability to guide behaviors and to make information available to cognitive processes. The author continues by addressing the differences between conscious and non-conscious olfactory perception, and presents an argument for an important role of attention in conscious processes. The book concludes by discussing the function of conscious brain processes and their link to guiding behaviors in complex situations.

Multiple Analogies in Science and Philosophy

Author : Cameron Shelley
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9027296588
Total Pages : 184 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (272 download)

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Book Synopsis Multiple Analogies in Science and Philosophy by : Cameron Shelley

Download or read book Multiple Analogies in Science and Philosophy written by Cameron Shelley and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2003-07-17 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A multiple analogy is a structured comparison in which several sources are likened to a target. In Multiple analogies in science and philosophy, Shelley provides a thorough account of the cognitive representations and processes that participate in multiple analogy formation. Through analysis of real examples taken from the fields of evolutionary biology, archaeology, and Plato's Republic, Shelley argues that multiple analogies are not simply concatenated single analogies but are instead the general form of analogical inference, of which single analogies are a special case. The result is a truly general cognitive model of analogical inference.Shelley also shows how a cognitive account of multiple analogies addresses important philosophical issues such as the confidence that one may have in an analogical explanation, and the role of analogy in science and philosophy. This book lucidly demonstrates that important questions regarding analogical inference cannot be answered adequately by consideration of single analogies alone.