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Pensions In Germany
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Book Synopsis German Pension Reform by : Christina Benita Wilke
Download or read book German Pension Reform written by Christina Benita Wilke and published by Peter Lang. This book was released on 2009 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The German pension system was the first formal pension system in the world, designed by Bismarck nearly 120 years ago. It has been very successful in providing high and reliable pension levels at reasonable contribution rates. While the generosity of the German pension system is considered a great social achievement, negative incentive effects of past reforms in the 1970s and 1980s and population aging are threatening the very core of the system. This has led to fundamental pension reforms since 1992. Based on a detailed simulation model of the German pension system, this book provides a thorough assessment of the system and its reforms. It shows that the latest reforms have put the system back onto a stable path and moved it from the old monolithic towards a multi-pillar system.
Book Synopsis Sustainability of the German Pension Scheme: Employment at Higher Ages and Incentives for Delayed Retirement by : Lewicki, Maria Patricia
Download or read book Sustainability of the German Pension Scheme: Employment at Higher Ages and Incentives for Delayed Retirement written by Lewicki, Maria Patricia and published by KIT Scientific Publishing. This book was released on 2014-03-25 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aging society and threatening old-age poverty are two major political topics in Germany for the next decades. Many modern employment biographies consist of atypical employment and discontinuities; both negatively impact the pension entitlements of the individuals. This work develops an inninnovative approach that offers flexibility to absorb demographic changes as well as labor market developments, without threatening the financial stability of the public pension scheme.
Book Synopsis A History of the German Public Pension System by : Alfred C. Mierzejewski
Download or read book A History of the German Public Pension System written by Alfred C. Mierzejewski and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2016-03-04 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A History of the German Public Pension System: Continuity amid Change provides the first comprehensive institutional history of the German public pension system from its origins in the late nineteenth century to the major reform period in the early twenty-first century. Relying on a wide range sources, including many used for the first time, this study provides a balanced account of how the pension system has coped with major challenges, such as Germany’s defeat in two world wars, inflation, the Great Depression, the demographic transition, political risk, reunification, and changing gender roles. It shows that while the pension system has changed to meet all of these challenges, it has retained basic characteristics—particularly the tie between work, contributions, and benefits—that fundamentally define its character and have enabled it to survive economic and political turmoil for over a century. This book also demonstrates that the most serious challenge faced by the pension system has consistently been political intervention by leaders hoping to use it for purposes unrelated to its mission of providing the insured with secure and adequate retirement income.
Book Synopsis The New Regulatory State by : L. Leisering
Download or read book The New Regulatory State written by L. Leisering and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-10-03 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores the role of governments in creating and regulating private pensions in the UK and Germany since the 1980s. Private pensions have given rise to a new regulatory state in this area. The contributing authors compare pension regulation and utility regulation, while others analyse the regulatory role of the EU.
Download or read book Pension Systems written by Birgit Mattil and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-01-11 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently, policy debate and comparative research on old-age pensions have focused on the financial sustainability of pension systems in the face of demographic change. This study, however, also takes into account distributional effects involved in pension system structures. Theoretical, institutional and empirical analyses are combined to form a comprehensive framework for evaluating financial sustainability and distributional effects of the pension systems implemented in Germany and the United Kingdom. Along with projections of demographic trends and future public pension expenditure, the empirical results on old-age incomes and their distribution allow for identifying a number of reform options for each pension system to improve their financial or distributional results.
Book Synopsis Growing Old in Dignity by : Eugen Stumpf
Download or read book Growing Old in Dignity written by Eugen Stumpf and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2011-11 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research Paper (undergraduate) from the year 2011 in the subject Politics - Political Systems - Germany, grade: 1,0, University of applied sciences, Düsseldorf, course: Economics - MBA, Master of Business Administration, language: English, abstract: This paper surveys the situation of the German pension system after a sequence of reforms which started as a fully funded system implemented by Bismarck during the 1880s, with a mandatory retirement age of 70 years when male life expectancy at birth was less than 45 years. Today, life expectancy for men is more than 80 years. After a long and arduous debate in the German Bundestag, agreements on a comprehensive pension reform resulted in the pension reform of 1957, which mainly established changes such as the normal retirement age at 65, the retirement at the age of 60 for elderly unemployed, the retirement for women at the age of 60 and, at last, the introduction of dynamic benefits indexed to gross wages which had an immediate impact on the economic wellness of current retirees. Thereafter, the 1972 reform made the German pension system one of the most generous of the world, as it mainly opened the public pension insurance system to all workers with generous terms for back-payment of contributions and eased the terms and conditions for early retirement by the implementation of the so-called 'flexible retirement', as discussed in chapter 1 of this paper. The following pension reforms discussed in this paper are the "Riester reform" of 2001 with the following main objectives: the sustainability of contribution rates in order to secure the long-term stability of pension levels and the spread of supplementary private pension savings, and continuing with the efforts of the Rürup commission which culminated in the "Rürup reform" of 2004 which the objective to stabilize contribution rates while at the same time ensuring appropriate future pension levels. Based on the above, it can be concluded that on the whole the sequence o
Book Synopsis Sustainability of the German Pension Scheme by : Maria Patricia Lewicki
Download or read book Sustainability of the German Pension Scheme written by Maria Patricia Lewicki and published by . This book was released on 2020-10-09 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aging society and threatening old-age poverty are two major political topics in Germany for the next decades. Many modern employment biographies consist of atypical employment and discontinuities; both negatively impact the pension entitlements of the individuals. This work develops an inninnovative approach that offers flexibility to absorb demographic changes as well as labor market developments, without threatening the financial stability of the public pension scheme. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Book Synopsis Childlessness in Europe: Contexts, Causes, and Consequences by : Michaela Kreyenfeld
Download or read book Childlessness in Europe: Contexts, Causes, and Consequences written by Michaela Kreyenfeld and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-01-11 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is published open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This open access book provides an overview of childlessness throughout Europe. It offers a collection of papers written by leading demographers and sociologists that examine contexts, causes, and consequences of childlessness in countries throughout the region.The book features data from all over Europe. It specifically highlights patterns of childlessness in Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Finland, Sweden, Austria and Switzerland. An additional chapter on childlessness in the United States puts the European experience in perspective. The book offers readers such insights as the determinants of lifelong childlessness, whether governments can and should counteract increasing childlessness, how the phenomenon differs across social strata and the role economic uncertainties play. In addition, the book also examines life course dynamics and biographical patterns, assisted reproduction as well as the consequences of childlessness. Childlessness has been increasing rapidly in most European countries in recent decades. This book offers readers expert analysis into this issue from leading experts in the field of family behavior. From causes to consequences, it explores the many facets of childlessness throughout Europe to present a comprehensive portrait of this important demographic and sociological trend.
Book Synopsis Pensions in Germany by : Monika Queisser
Download or read book Pensions in Germany written by Monika Queisser and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: October 1996 Germany's pension system has a multi-pillar structure and relies increasingly on privately funded plans. Its public pillar is not as generous or redistributive as is often claimed. Germany's pension system was originally designed as a scaled premium system. It formally became a pay-as-you-go system in 1957. Participation in the system is mandatory for all dependent employees and only some groups of self-employed. The system is greatly fragmented in terms of institutions, coverage, contributions, and benefit levels. In recent years, a big discrepancy has emerged between the system dependency ratio (the relationship between pensions and contributors) and the demographic old-age dependency ratio. This has been caused by the use of early retirement and disability pensions as a means of tackling high unemployment, especially in Germany's five new states. Except for the high incidence of early retirement and disability pensions - and hence the low average retirement age - the system does not suffer from the problems that have afflicted pension systems in Southern and Eastern Europe and Latin America. Evasion seems not to be a major problem. The expected demographic aging poses a major challenge. There is little if any room for increasing the contribution rate, so benefits will have to be cut, most likely through an increase in the normal retirement age and through tighter rules for disability pensions and early retirement. The pension contribution rate is currently 19.2 percent of wages, shared equally by employers and employees. The government covers about 23 percent of total spending - for benefits not directly related to contributions. The break-even contribution rate of the system would be closer to 25 percent. Germany's system is not overly generous, compared with other OECD countries. The average replacement rate (calculated as average insured and windows' pension divided by average income) was only 36.3 percent in 1993. This is about the same level as in the U.S. social security system. The difference in contribution rates is explained by Germany's much higher system dependency ratio. Intragenerational redistribution in the pension system is quite limited. Unlike such other countries as Switzerland and the United States, Germany does not have a tilted benefit formula to redistribute income from higher to lower income groups. Means-tested social assistance is used to support the old poor. This paper - a product of the Financial Sector Development Department - is part of a larger effort in the department to study pension systems and contractual savings.
Book Synopsis Germany's Pensions Reform by : Franz Bertsch
Download or read book Germany's Pensions Reform written by Franz Bertsch and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Social Security and Retirement in Germany by : Axel Börsch-Supan
Download or read book Social Security and Retirement in Germany written by Axel Börsch-Supan and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper describes the German public old age social security program (, Gesetzliche Rentenversicherung') and its incentive effects on retirement decisions. The paper presents the key features of the system and expresses retirement incentives in the form of accrual rates of social security wealth and implicit tax rates on earnings. It summarizes labor market behavior of older persons in Germany during the last 35 years and surveys the empirical literature on the effects of the social security system on retirement in Germany. The paper shows that even after the 1992 reform the German system is actuarially unfair. This generates a substantial redistribution from late to early retirees and creates incentives to early retirement. Indeed, average retirement age is very low in West Germany (about age 59) and even lower in East Germany. This tendency towards early retirement is particularly hurting in times of population aging when the German social security contribution rate is expected to increase dramatically and will substantially exceed the rates in other industrialized countries.
Book Synopsis In a German Pension by : Katherine Mansfield
Download or read book In a German Pension written by Katherine Mansfield and published by . This book was released on 1996-12-01 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis In a German Pension by : Katherine Mansfield
Download or read book In a German Pension written by Katherine Mansfield and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2023-01-19 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a German Pension is a 1911 collection of short stories by the writer Katherine Mansfield; her first published collection. All but three of the stories were originally published in The New Age edited by A. R. Orage; the first to appear was "The Child-Who-Was-Tired". The stories were written after her stay in Bad Wörishofen, a German spa town, in 1909, where she was taken by her mother after her disastrous marriage, pregnancy and miscarriage.
Book Synopsis In a German Pension by : Katherine Mansfield
Download or read book In a German Pension written by Katherine Mansfield and published by . This book was released on 1911 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis In a German Pension by : Katherine Mansfield
Download or read book In a German Pension written by Katherine Mansfield and published by . This book was released on 1926 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Pensions at a Glance 2019 OECD and G20 Indicators by : OECD
Download or read book Pensions at a Glance 2019 OECD and G20 Indicators written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2019-11-27 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2019 edition of Pensions at a Glance highlights the pension reforms undertaken by OECD countries over the last two years. Moreover, two special chapters focus on non-standard work and pensions in OECD countries, take stock of different approaches to organising pensions for non-standard workers in the OECD, discuss why non-standard work raises pension issues and suggest how pension settings could be improved.
Book Synopsis In a German Pension by : Katherine Mansfield
Download or read book In a German Pension written by Katherine Mansfield and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
