Path To The Middle Oral Madhyamika Philosophy In Tibet

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Path to the Middle: Oral Madhyamika Philosophy in Tibet

Author : Ye-?es-thub-bstan (mKhan-zur.)
Publisher : SUNY Press
ISBN 13 : 9780791420430
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (24 download)

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Book Synopsis Path to the Middle: Oral Madhyamika Philosophy in Tibet by : Ye-?es-thub-bstan (mKhan-zur.)

Download or read book Path to the Middle: Oral Madhyamika Philosophy in Tibet written by Ye-?es-thub-bstan (mKhan-zur.) and published by SUNY Press. This book was released on 1994-01-01 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Does a Bodhisattva's initial direct cognition of emptiness differ from subsequent ones? Can one "improve" a nondualistic understanding of the unconditioned and, if so, what role might subtle states of concentration play in the process? In material collected by Anne Klein over a seven-year period, Kensur Yeshey Tupden addresses these and other crucial issues of Buddhist soteriology to provide one of the richest presentations of Tibetan oral philosophy yet published in English. Anne Klein's introduction to his commentary surveys oral genres associated with Tibetan textual study, and the volume concludes with a translation of the text on which Kensur bases his discussion of the "Perfection of Wisdom" chapter in Tsong-kha-pa's Illumination of (Candrakirti's) Thought (dbu ma dgongs pa rab gsal), translated here by Jeffrey Hopkins and Anne Klein.

A Dose of Emptiness

Author : Mkhas-grub Dge-legs-dpal-bza?-po
Publisher : SUNY Press
ISBN 13 : 9780791407295
Total Pages : 614 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (72 download)

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Book Synopsis A Dose of Emptiness by : Mkhas-grub Dge-legs-dpal-bza?-po

Download or read book A Dose of Emptiness written by Mkhas-grub Dge-legs-dpal-bza?-po and published by SUNY Press. This book was released on 1992-01-01 with total page 614 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an annotated translation of one of the great Tibetan classics of Mahayana Buddhist thought, mKhas grub rje's sTong thun chen mo. The text is a detailed critical exposition of the theory and practice of emptiness as expounded in the three major schools of Mahayana Buddhist philosophy: the Yogacara, Svatantrika, and Prasangika. Used as a supplement to the scholastic debating manuals in some of the greatest monasteries of Tibet, the sTong thun chen mo is a veritable encyclopedia of Mahayana Buddhist philosophy, dealing with such topics as hermeneutics, the theory of non-duality, the linguistic interpretation of emptiness, the typology of ignorance, logic, the nature of time, and the perception of matter across world spheres. This book is an indispensable source for understanding the Tibetan dGe lugs pa school's synthesis of the Middle Way (Madhyamaka) and Epistemological (Pramanika) traditions of Indian Buddhism. In addition, it is an unprecedented source for the philosophical polemics of fifteenth century Tibet.

The Other Emptiness

Author : Michael R. Sheehy
Publisher : SUNY Press
ISBN 13 : 1438477570
Total Pages : 402 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (384 download)

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Book Synopsis The Other Emptiness by : Michael R. Sheehy

Download or read book The Other Emptiness written by Michael R. Sheehy and published by SUNY Press. This book was released on 2019-12-01 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents a new vision of the Buddhist history and philosophy of emptiness in Tibet. This book brings together perspectives of leading international Tibetan studies scholars on the subject of zhentong or “other-emptiness.” Defined as the emptiness of everything other than the continuous luminous awareness that is one’s own enlightened nature, this distinctive philosophical and contemplative presentation of emptiness is quite different from rangtong—emptiness that lacks independent existence, which has had a strong influence on the dissemination of Buddhist philosophy in the West. Important topics are addressed, including the history, literature, and philosophy of emptiness that have contributed to zhentong thinking in Tibet from the thirteenth century until today. The contributors examine a wide range of views on zhentong from each of the major orders of Tibetan Buddhism, highlighting the key Tibetan thinkers in the zhentong philosophical tradition. Also discussed are the early formulations of buddhanature, interpretations of cosmic time, polemical debates about emptiness in Tibet, the zhentong view of contemplation, and creative innovations of thought in Tibetan Buddhism. Highly accessible and informative, this book can be used as a scholarly resource as well as a textbook for teaching graduate and undergraduate courses on Buddhist philosophy. “The book contains extremely interesting material and makes a valuable contribution to the study of Tibetan Buddhism. It will be appreciated by those interested in the development of one of the important and yet understudied of its traditions, the other emptiness tradition.” — Georges B. J. Dreyfus, coeditor of The Svātantrika-Prāsaṅgika Distinction: What Difference Does a Difference Make?

Distinguishing the Views and Philosophies

Author : Bötrül
Publisher : State University of New York Press
ISBN 13 : 1438434391
Total Pages : 355 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (384 download)

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Book Synopsis Distinguishing the Views and Philosophies by : Bötrül

Download or read book Distinguishing the Views and Philosophies written by Bötrül and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 2012-01-02 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an essential work of Tibetan Buddhist thought written by an influential scholar of the twentieth century. From the same Nyingma school as the great Tibetan philosopher Mipam, Botrul in this text provides a systematic overview of Mipam's teachings on the Middle Way. Presenting the Nyingma tradition within a rich constellation of diverse perspectives, Botrul contrasts Nyingma views point-by-point with positions held by other Tibetan schools. Botrul's work addresses a wide range of complex topics in Buddhist doctrine in a beautifully structured composition in verse and prose. Notably, Botrul sheds light on the elusive meaning of "emptiness" and presents an interpretation that is unique to his Nyingma school. Distinguishing the Views and Philosophies exemplifies the vigorous tradition of Tibetan Buddhist scholarship and is widely studied in the contemporary monastic colleges of Tibet, India, and Nepal. Douglas Samuel Duckworth's translation will make this work widely available in English for the first time, and his thoughtful commentary will provide insight and context for readers.

Tibetan Buddhism

Author : Steven D. Goodman
Publisher : SUNY Press
ISBN 13 : 9780791407851
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (78 download)

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Book Synopsis Tibetan Buddhism by : Steven D. Goodman

Download or read book Tibetan Buddhism written by Steven D. Goodman and published by SUNY Press. This book was released on 1992-01-01 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume consists of eight studies, each one bringing to light new material of use to comparative religionists and historians of religion, as well as to students of Tibetan Buddhism. These studies are based on critical scrutiny of indigenous sources and, in many cases, the learned opinion of native Tibetan scholars. The studies are organized around two dominant themes in Tibetan religious life -- the quest for clarity and insight via visionary exploration and philosophical exploration.

The Fundamental Wisdom of the Middle Way

Author : Nagarjuna
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019997859X
Total Pages : 393 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (999 download)

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Book Synopsis The Fundamental Wisdom of the Middle Way by : Nagarjuna

Download or read book The Fundamental Wisdom of the Middle Way written by Nagarjuna and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1995-11-09 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Buddhist saint N=ag=arjuna, who lived in South India in approximately the second century CE, is undoubtedly the most important, influential, and widely studied Mah=ay=ana Buddhist philosopher. His many works include texts addressed to lay audiences, letters of advice to kings, and a set of penetrating metaphysical and epistemological treatises. His greatest philosophical work, the Mūlamadhyamikak=arik=a--read and studied by philosophers in all major Buddhist schools of Tibet, China, Japan, and Korea--is one of the most influential works in the history of Indian philosophy. Now, in The Fundamental Wisdom of the Middle Way, Jay L. Garfield provides a clear and eminently readable translation of N=ag=arjuna's seminal work, offering those with little or no prior knowledge of Buddhist philosophy a view into the profound logic of the Mūlamadhyamikak=arik=a. Garfield presents a superb translation of the Tibetan text of Mūlamadhyamikak=arik=a in its entirety, and a commentary reflecting the Tibetan tradition through which N=ag=arjuna's philosophical influence has largely been transmitted. Illuminating the systematic character of N=ag=arjuna's reasoning, Garfield shows how N=ag=arjuna develops his doctrine that all phenomena are empty of inherent existence, that is, than nothing exists substantially or independently. Despite lacking any essence, he argues, phenomena nonetheless exist conventionally, and that indeed conventional existence and ultimate emptiness are in fact the same thing. This represents the radical understanding of the Buddhist doctrine of the two truths, or two levels of reality. He offers a verse-by-verse commentary that explains N=ag=arjuna's positions and arguments in the language of Western metaphysics and epistemology, and connects N=ag=arjuna's concerns to those of Western philosophers such as Sextus, Hume, and Wittgenstein. An accessible translation of the foundational text for all Mah=ay=ana Buddhism, The Fundamental Wisdom of the Middle Way offers insight to all those interested in the nature of reality.

The Sound of Vultures' Wings

Author : Jeffrey W. Cupchik
Publisher : State University of New York Press
ISBN 13 : 1438464436
Total Pages : 398 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (384 download)

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Book Synopsis The Sound of Vultures' Wings by : Jeffrey W. Cupchik

Download or read book The Sound of Vultures' Wings written by Jeffrey W. Cupchik and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 2024-02-01 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Sound of Vultures' Wings offers the first in-depth exploration of the music of the Tibetan Chöd tradition, which is based on the liturgical song-poems of the twelfth-century Tibetan female ascetic Machik Labdrön (1055–1153). Chöd is a musical/meditative Vajrayāna method for cutting off the root of suffering, namely, egoic identification with the body, or the belief that the "I" is the locus of the "self." Chöd is regarded by many Tibetan Lamas as one of the most effective Buddhist practices for spiritual and social transformation. Jeffrey W. Cupchik details the significance of the complex, interwoven performative aspects of this meditative ritual and explains how its practice can bring about experiences of insight and inner transformation. In doing so, he undoes the notion of meditation as exclusively an experience of silence and stillness.

Jñānagarbha's Commentary on the Distinction Between the Two Truths

Author : Jñānagarbha
Publisher : SUNY Press
ISBN 13 : 9780887063015
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (63 download)

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Book Synopsis Jñānagarbha's Commentary on the Distinction Between the Two Truths by : Jñānagarbha

Download or read book Jñānagarbha's Commentary on the Distinction Between the Two Truths written by Jñānagarbha and published by SUNY Press. This book was released on 1987-01-01 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Mādhyamaka School of Indian Buddhist thought has had tremendous influence in the Buddhist world, particularly in Tibet, China and Japan: in the West it has become the subject of intense interest in the fields of comparative religion and philosophy. Many aspects of Mādhyamaka thought, however, remain obscure, especially during the period when Buddhist thought was first introduced to Tibet. Jñānagarbha's Commentary on the Distinction between the Two Truths is a concise and lucid introduction to the issues and personalities that dominated Indian Mādhyamaka thought on the eve of its introduction to Tibet. As an example of the influential but little-known Svātantrika branch of the Mādhyamaka School, Jñānagarbha's work shows quite vividly how the commitment to reason in the search for ultimate truth shaped not only the dialogue between Mādhyamaka thinkers and members of other Buddhist schools, but also the evolution of the Mādhyamaka tradition itself. David Eckel has translated Jñānagarbha's text in its entirety and provided an introduction that situates the text clearly in its historical and philosophical context. Extensive notes, a transliterated version of the Tibetan translation, and a reproduction of the original Tibetan blockprints make this volume useful to scholars as well as to the interested general reader.

Svatantrika-Prasangika Distinction

Author : Georges B.J. Dreyfus
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 0861717759
Total Pages : 414 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (617 download)

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Book Synopsis Svatantrika-Prasangika Distinction by : Georges B.J. Dreyfus

Download or read book Svatantrika-Prasangika Distinction written by Georges B.J. Dreyfus and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2015-01-30 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Madhyamaka, or "Middle Way," philosophy came to Tibet from India and became the basis of all of Tibetan Buddhism. The Tibetans, however, differentiated two streams of Madhyamaka philosophy--Svatantrika and Prasangika. In this collection, leading scholars in the field address the distinction on various levels, including the philosophical import for both Indian and Tibetan Madhyamaka and the historical development of the distinction itself.

The Secret Oral Teachings in Tibetan Buddhist Sects

Author : Alexandra David-Neel
Publisher : City Lights Books
ISBN 13 : 9780872860124
Total Pages : 156 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (61 download)

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Book Synopsis The Secret Oral Teachings in Tibetan Buddhist Sects by : Alexandra David-Neel

Download or read book The Secret Oral Teachings in Tibetan Buddhist Sects written by Alexandra David-Neel and published by City Lights Books. This book was released on 1967 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an account of the Madhyamika (Middle Way) school of Buddhism, a method of mediation and enlightenment that was developed by the great Indian teacher Nagarjuna. In a collaboration between the Frenchwoman Alexandra David-Neel and her friend, the Tibetan lama Aphur Yongden, these teaching are presented clearly and elegantly, intended for the layman who seeks a way to practice and experience the realization of oneness with all existence. Alexandra David-Neel was born in 1868 in Paris. In her youth she wrote an incendiary anarchist treatise and was an acclaimed opera singer; then she decided to devote her life to exploration and the study of world religions, including Buddhist philosophy. She traveled extensively to in Central Asia and the Far East, where she learned a number of Asian languages, including Tibetan. In 1914, she met Lama Yongden, who became her adopted son, teacher, and companion. In 1923, at the age of fifty-five, she disguised herself as a pilgrim and journeyed to Tibet, where she was the first European woman to enter Lhasa, which was closed to foreigners at the time. In her late seventies, she settled in the south of France, where she lived until her death at 101 in 1969.

Introduction to the Middle Way

Author : Chandrakirti
Publisher : Shambhala Publications
ISBN 13 : 0834824485
Total Pages : 430 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (348 download)

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Book Synopsis Introduction to the Middle Way by : Chandrakirti

Download or read book Introduction to the Middle Way written by Chandrakirti and published by Shambhala Publications. This book was released on 2005-02-08 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An adventure into the heart of Buddhist wisdom through the Madhyamika—or Middle Way—teachings This book includes a verse translation of the Madhyamakavatara by the renowned seventh-century Indian master Chandrakirti, an extremely influential text of Mahayana Buddhism, followed by an exhaustive logical explanation of its meaning by the modern Tibetan master Jamgön Mipham, composed approximately twelve centuries later. Chandrakirti's work is an introduction to the Madhyamika teachings of Nagarjuna, which are themselves a systematization of the Prajnaparamita, or “Perfection of Wisdom” literature, the sutras on the crucial but elusive concept of emptiness. Chandrakirti's work has been accepted throughout Tibetan Buddhism as the highest expression of the Buddhist view on the sutra level. With Jamgön Mipham's commentary, it is a definitive presentation of the wisdom of emptiness, a central theme of Buddhist teachings. This book is a core study text for both academic students and practitioners of Mahayana and Vajrayana Buddhism.

Knowing Illusion: Bringing a Tibetan Debate into Contemporary Discourse

Author : The Yakherds
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0197603653
Total Pages : 385 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (976 download)

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Book Synopsis Knowing Illusion: Bringing a Tibetan Debate into Contemporary Discourse by : The Yakherds

Download or read book Knowing Illusion: Bringing a Tibetan Debate into Contemporary Discourse written by The Yakherds and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021-10-26 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tsongkhapa (1357-1419) is by any measure the single most influential philosopher in Tibetan history. His articulation of Prasangika Madhyamaka, and his interpretation of the 7th Century Indian philosopher Candrakirti's interpretation of Madhyamaka is the foundation for the understanding of that philosophical system in the Geluk school in Tibet. Tsongkhapa argues that Candrakirti shows that we can integrate the Madhyamaka doctrine of the two truths, and of the ultimate emptiness of all phenomena with a robust epistemology that explains how we can know both conventional and ultimate truth and distinguish truth from falsity within the conventional world. The Sakya scholar Taktsang Lotsawa (born 1405) published the first systematic critique of Tsongkhapa's system. In the fifth chapter of his Freedom from Extremes Accomplished through Comprehensive Knowledge of Philosophy, Taktsang attacks Tsongkhapa's understanding of Candrakirti and the cogency of integrating Prasangika Madhyamaka with any epistemology. This attack launches a debate between Geluk scholars on the one hand and Sakya and Kagyu scholars on the other regarding the proper understanding of this philosophical school and the place of epistemology in the Madhyamaka program. This debate raged with great ferocity from the 15th through the 18th centuries, and continues still today. The two volumes of Knowing Illusion study that debate and present translations of the most important texts produced in that context. Volume I: A Philosophical History of the Debate provides historical and philosophical background for this dispute and elucidates the philosophical issues at stake in the debate, exploring the principal arguments advanced by the principals on both sides, and setting them in historical context. This volume examines the ways in which the debate raises issues that are relevant to contemporary debates in epistemology, and concludes with two contributions by contemporary Tibetan scholars, one on each side of the debate.

Freedom from Extremes

Author : Jose Ignacio Cabezon
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 0861718577
Total Pages : 434 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (617 download)

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Book Synopsis Freedom from Extremes by : Jose Ignacio Cabezon

Download or read book Freedom from Extremes written by Jose Ignacio Cabezon and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2013-02-08 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is emptiness? This question at the heart of Buddhist philosophy has preoccupied the greatest minds of India and Tibet for two millennia, producing hundreds of volumes. Distinguishing the Views, by the fifteenth-century Sakya scholar Gorampa Sonam Senge, is one of the most important of those works, esteemed for its conciseness, lucidity, and profundity. Freedom from Extremes presents Gorampa's elegant philosophical case on the matter of emptiness here in a masterful translation by Geshe Lobsang Dargyay. Gorampa's text is polemical, and his targets are two of Tibet's greatest thinkers: Tsongkhapa, founder of the Gelug school, and Dolpopa, a founding figure of the Jonang school. Distinguishing the Views argues that Dolpopa has fallen into an eternalistic extreme, whereas Tsongkhapa has fallen into nihilism, and that only the mainstream Sakya view - what Gorampa calls "freedom from extremes" - represents the true middle way, the correct view of emptiness. Suppressed for years in Tibet, this seminal work today is widely regarded and is studied in some of Tibet's greatest academic institutions. Gorampa's treatise has been translated and annotated here by two leading scholars of Tibetan Buddhist philosophy, and a critical edition of the Tibetan text on facing pages gives students and scholars direct access to Gorampa's own words. Jose Cabezon's extended introduction provides a thorough overview of Tibetan polemical literature and contextualizes the life and work of Gorampa both historically and intellectually. Freedom from Extremes will be indispensable for serious students of Madhyamaka thought.

Dialectical Practice in Tibetan Philosophical Culture

Author : Kenneth Liberman
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
ISBN 13 : 0742576868
Total Pages : 338 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (425 download)

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Book Synopsis Dialectical Practice in Tibetan Philosophical Culture by : Kenneth Liberman

Download or read book Dialectical Practice in Tibetan Philosophical Culture written by Kenneth Liberman and published by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. This book was released on 2007-09-26 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tibetan Buddhist scholar-monks have long engaged in face-to-face public philosophical debates. This original study challenges Orientalist text-based scholarship, which has overlooked these lived practices of Tibetan dialectics. Kenneth Liberman brings these dynamic disputations to life for the modern reader through a richly detailed, turn-by-turn analysis of the monks' formal philosophical reasoning. He argues that Tibetan Buddhists deliberately organize their debates into formal structures that both empower and constrain thinking, skillfully using logic as an interactional tool to organize their reflections. During his three years in residence at Tibetan monastic universities, Liberman observed and videotaped the monks' debates. He then transcribed, translated, and analyzed them using multimedia software and ethnomethodological techniques, which enabled him to scrutinize the local methods that Tibetan debaters use to keep their philosophical inquiries alive. His study shows the monks rely on such indigenous dialectical methods as extending an opponent's position to its absurd consequences, "pulling the rug out" from under an opponent, and other lively strategies. This careful investigation of the formal philosophical work of Tibetan scholars is a pathbreaking analysis of an important classical tradition.

Unbounded Wholeness

Author : Anne Carolyn Klein
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199884439
Total Pages : 418 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (998 download)

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Book Synopsis Unbounded Wholeness by : Anne Carolyn Klein

Download or read book Unbounded Wholeness written by Anne Carolyn Klein and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2006-04-20 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, Anne Carolyn Klein, an American scholar and teacher of Buddhism, and Geshe Tenzin Wangyal Rinpoche, a rigorously trained Tibetan Lama who was among the first to bring Bon Dzogchen teachings to the West, provide a study and translation of the Authenticity of Open Awareness, a foundational text of the Bon Dzogchen tradition. This is the first time a Bon philosophical text of this scope has been translated into any Western language, and as such it is a significant addition to the study of Tibetan religion and Eastern thought. Klein and Rinpoche provide extensive introductory, explanatory and historical material that situates the text in the context of Tibetan thought and culture, thus making it accessible to nonspecialists, and an essential reference for scholars and practitioners alike.

Meeting the Great Bliss Queen

Author : Anne C. Klein
Publisher : Beacon Press
ISBN 13 : 9780807073070
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (73 download)

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Book Synopsis Meeting the Great Bliss Queen by : Anne C. Klein

Download or read book Meeting the Great Bliss Queen written by Anne C. Klein and published by Beacon Press. This book was released on 1995 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Buddhist practices such as mindfulness - in which calm centering and keen awareness of change coexist - and compassion - in which the self is recognized as both powerful in itself and interdependently connected with all others - can be important resources for contemporary Western women. Likewise, feminism can expand the traditional horizons of Buddhist concerns to include social, historical, and psychological issues.

Ocean of Milk, Ocean of Blood

Author : Matthew W. King
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 0231549229
Total Pages : 319 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (315 download)

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Book Synopsis Ocean of Milk, Ocean of Blood by : Matthew W. King

Download or read book Ocean of Milk, Ocean of Blood written by Matthew W. King and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2019-04-02 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After the fall of the Qing empire, amid nationalist and socialist upheaval, Buddhist monks in the Mongolian frontiers of the Soviet Union and Republican China faced a chaotic and increasingly uncertain world. In this book, Matthew W. King tells the story of one Mongolian monk’s efforts to defend Buddhist monasticism in revolutionary times, revealing an unexplored landscape of countermodern Buddhisms beyond old imperial formations and the newly invented national subject. Ocean of Milk, Ocean of Blood takes up the perspective of the polymath Zava Damdin (1867–1937): a historian, mystic, logician, and pilgrim whose life and works straddled the Qing and its socialist aftermath, between the monastery and the party scientific academy. Drawing on contacts with figures as diverse as the Dalai Lama, mystic monks in China, European scholars inventing the field of Buddhist studies, and a member of the Bakhtin Circle, Zava Damdin labored for thirty years to protect Buddhist tradition against what he called the “bloody tides” of science, social mobility, and socialist party antagonism. Through a rich reading of his works, King reveals that modernity in Asia was not always shaped by epochal contact with Europe and that new models of Buddhist life, neither imperial nor national, unfolded in the post-Qing ruins. The first book to explore countermodern Buddhist monastic thought and practice along the Inner Asian frontiers during these tumultuous years, Ocean of Milk, Ocean of Blood illuminates previously unknown religious and intellectual legacies of the Qing and offers an unparalleled view of Buddhist life in the revolutionary period.