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Part Time Employment Of Married Women And Fertility In Urban Japan
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Book Synopsis Part-time Employment of Married Women and Fertility in Urban Japan by : Tadashi Yamada
Download or read book Part-time Employment of Married Women and Fertility in Urban Japan written by Tadashi Yamada and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previous studies of female labor force participation in Japan often show that the estimates of female wage rates are "negative" in their single-equation models of labor supply. Based on the common belief that the substitution effect dominates the income effect for female labor supply, to disentangle the problem of the inconsistency is, therefore, necessary for the purpose of predicting the behavior of female labor supply and for guiding policy actions. In this paper, we have estimated a logit model of married women's part-time employment and a fertility equation in the context of a simultaneous-equation model. By specifically differentiating part-time employed married women from full-time employed married women, we find that the structural coefficients of the part-time labor supply are significantly different from those of the full-time labor supply in terms of elasticity. However, contrary to the result of married women's full-time employment, we find little interdependency between married women's decisions to work as part-time employees and their fertility in urban Japan
Book Synopsis Childbearing and Careers of Japanese Women Born in the 1960s by : Yukiko Senda
Download or read book Childbearing and Careers of Japanese Women Born in the 1960s written by Yukiko Senda and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-05-11 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides the keys to understanding the trajectory that Japanese society has followed toward its lowest-low fertility since the 1980s. The characteristics of the life course of women born in the 1960s, who were the first cohort to enter that trajectory, are explored by using both qualitative and quantitative data analyses. Among the many books explaining the decline in fertility, this book is unique in four ways. First, it describes in detail the reality of factors concerning the fertility decline in Japan. Second, the book uses both qualitative and quantitative methods to introduce the whole picture of how the low-fertility trend began in the 1980s and developed in the 1990s and thereafter. Third, the focus is on a specific birth cohort because their experiences determined the current patterns of family formation such as late marriage and postponed childbirth. Fourth, the book explores the knife-edge balance between work and family conditions, especially with regard to childbearing, in the context of Japanese management and gender norms. After examining the characteristics of demographic and socioeconomic circumstances of postwar Japan in detail, it can be seen that the change in family formation first occurred drastically in the 1960s cohort. Using both qualitative interview data cumulatively from 150 people and quantitative estimates with official statistics, this book shows how individual-level choices to balance work and family obligations resulted in a national-level fertility decline. Another focus of this book is the increasing unintended infertility due to postponed pregnancy, a phenomenon that is attracting great social attention because the average age of pregnancy is approaching the biological limit. This book is a valuable resource for researchers who are interested in the rapid fertility decline as well as the work–life balance and the life course of women in Japanese employment practice and family traditions.
Book Synopsis Women's Skill Formation, Labor Force Participation and Fertility in Japan by : Machiko Osawa
Download or read book Women's Skill Formation, Labor Force Participation and Fertility in Japan written by Machiko Osawa and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Part-time Work Vs. Full-time Work of Married Women in Japan by : Tadashi Yamada
Download or read book Part-time Work Vs. Full-time Work of Married Women in Japan written by Tadashi Yamada and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper, we attempt to resolve the drawbacks in previous studies of the labor supply of women in Japan. We hypothesize here that the response to the socioeconomic factors that influence the decision to work varies among different groups of women, and we estimate separately the labor supply of part-time employed, and that of full-time employed, married women by using the 1980 Population Census data for Japan.The major finding is that there is a clear difference in the labor supply behavior of women who are employed part time and those who are employed full time. For example, the estimated elasticities are noticeably different for the following factors: women's wages, men's wages, the unemployment rate, the industry-mix variable, andthe provision of day-care centers and nursery schools. Our empirical results suggest that, in public policy implementation, giving special attention to the specific characteristics of the labor market of women in Japan would be useful and important in understanding the different responses to the factors influencing the decision to work among the different socioeconomic groups
Book Synopsis Part-time Vs. Full-time Work of Married Women in Japan by : Tadashi Yamada
Download or read book Part-time Vs. Full-time Work of Married Women in Japan written by Tadashi Yamada and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Female Employment and Gender Gaps in China by : Xinxin Ma
Download or read book Female Employment and Gender Gaps in China written by Xinxin Ma and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-05 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book investigates female employment and the gender gap in the labor market and households during China’s economic transition period. It provides the reader with academic evidence for understanding the mechanism of female labor force participation, the determinants of the gender gap in the labor market, and the impact of policy transformation on women’s wages and employment in China from an economics perspective. The main content of this book includes three parts―women’s family responsibilities and women’s labor supply (child care, parent care, and women’s employment), the gender gap in the labor market and society (gender gaps in wages, Communist Party membership, and participation in social activity), and the impacts of policy transformation on women’s wages and employment (the social security system and the educational expansion policy on women’s wages and employment) in China. This book provides academic evidence about these issues based on economics theories and econometric analysis methods using many kinds of long-term Chinese national survey data. This book is highly recommended to readers who are interested in up-to-date and in-depth empirical studies of the gender gap and women’s employment in China during the economic transition period. This book is of interest to various groups such as readers who are interested in the Chinese economy, policymakers, and scholars with econometric analysis backgrounds.
Book Synopsis Low Fertility in Japan, South Korea, and Singapore by : Shigeki Matsuda
Download or read book Low Fertility in Japan, South Korea, and Singapore written by Shigeki Matsuda and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-02-18 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the low fertility status in three developed Asian countries—Japan, South Korea, and Singapore—and outlines countermeasures for their declining birthrates. Based on the characteristics of each society, the authors discuss why their fertility rates have not yet recovered. Low fertility is a demographic phenomenon that first occurred in Europe and subsequently spread across other countries. Currently, the fertility rates in Europe are relatively stable, while those in developed Asian economies are the lowest worldwide. This may cause labor shortages and weaken their social security systems, undermining Asia’s social and economic sustainability despite its remarkable economic development. In response to low fertility, some Asian countries have implemented countermeasures: Japan has introduced measures based on childcare facilities and work–life balance. Similarly, since the mid-2000s South Korea has established countermeasures to promote a balance between work and child rearing, as well as expanded childcare services. Singapore began introducing countermeasures before the other two countries, including various advanced measures. Yet none of these countries has seen a full recovery in fertility rates. Based on a statistical analysis of survey results from the three countries, this book makes several important points. The first is that the policy has been ineffective in Japan due to a discrepancy between the needs of parents raising children and those who are the targets of the countermeasures. Second, the work–life balance and child-rearing support measures that have been promoted in Japan and South Korea have not affected the number of children that women want to have. Third, Singaporean values tend to place individual emphasis on competition with oneself (education and career status) rather than on married life. This intense competition has lowered fertility rates. To restore these rates, each country must promote policies that better address its specific issues.
Download or read book Monthly Labor Review written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publishes in-depth articles on labor subjects, current labor statistics, information about current labor contracts, and book reviews.
Book Synopsis Part-time Work Vs. Full-time Work of Married Women in Japan by :
Download or read book Part-time Work Vs. Full-time Work of Married Women in Japan written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Japanese Employment System by : Haruo Shimada
Download or read book The Japanese Employment System written by Haruo Shimada and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Japanese Employment System by : Marcus Rebick
Download or read book The Japanese Employment System written by Marcus Rebick and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2005-06-02 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The stagnation of the Japanese economy and the ageing of Japanese society has led to major changes in the labour market in Japan. This comprehensive study looks at how the Japanese employment system is adapting to its new economic environment. Using the latest statistical evidence, the book focusses on the growing use of part-time and other forms of atypical employment relationships and illustrates how this is expressed in several different parts of the labour market. Particular attention is given to the changing situation of women, the decline of the family enterprise, the problems faced by older workers and the poor prospects for recent high school graduates. The recent rise in unemployment, including hidden unemployment is analysed. Relations between management and employees in Japanese corporations are also becoming more individualistic with the introduction of performance-related pay and the declining importance of enterprise unions. As a result of these changes, the future may see rising levels of income inequality. The Japanese labour force is declining with the ageing of the population and Japan's ability to cope is examined with special attention given to immigration policy. This book will be of interest to anyone interested in what is happening today in Japan and what the possibilities are for the future.
Book Synopsis Women in Japanese Society by : Kristina R. Huber
Download or read book Women in Japanese Society written by Kristina R. Huber and published by Greenwood. This book was released on 1992-09-15 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This exhaustive bibliography contains more than 2,300 annotated entries on the lives of women in Japan. It includes books and book chapters, articles in scholarly journals and popular magazines, and published conference papers. The authors have diligently researched databases, bibliographies, and indexes, and have based their detailed annotations on a close examination of the works cited. The volume lists works published in English from 1841 to the present, and a particularly significant feature is the inclusion of literary works by Japanese women. The book is further balanced by material on non-Japanese women living in Japan. All materials are available in the United States through standard interlibrary loan sources. A valuable introduction provides detailed instructions for using the volume. The bibliography is divided into a number of broad sections on the public and private lives of women, and entries in each section are grouped in more specific categories covering home life, politics, education, religion, careers, the arts, and other areas. The sections on literature briefly introduce the lives and works of poets and prose writers, listing their individual works available in English translation. A concluding section provides access to reviews and overviews of scholarship on women in Japan. The extensive author, title, and subject indexes make this book of tremendous value to researchers in a wide range of disciplines.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Labor Economics by : Orley Ashenfelter
Download or read book Handbook of Labor Economics written by Orley Ashenfelter and published by North Holland. This book was released on 1986 with total page 820 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines labour supply and demand and their impact on the wage structure. Explains the sources of income inequality, and the disincentive effects of attempts to produce a more equal distribution. Labour supply is considered in relation to the incentives which individuals have to provide labour services. Observes that heterogeneity in worker skills and employer demands often tempers the outcomes that would be expected in frictionless labour markets.
Book Synopsis The Political Economy of Japan's Low Fertility by : Frances McCall Rosenbluth
Download or read book The Political Economy of Japan's Low Fertility written by Frances McCall Rosenbluth and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2006-12-08 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book takes an interdisciplinary approach to one of Japan's thorniest public policy issues: why are women increasingly forgoing motherhood? At the heart of the matter lies a paradox: although the overall trend among rich countries is for fertility to decrease as female labor participation increases, gender-friendly countries resist the trend. Conversely, gender-unfriendly countries have lower fertility rates than they would have if they changed their labor markets to encourage the hiring of women—and therein lies Japan's problem. The authors argue that the combination of an inhospitable labor market for women and insufficient support for childcare pushes women toward working harder to promote their careers, to the detriment of childbearing. Controversial and enlightening, this book provides policy recommendations for solving not just Japan's fertility issue but those of other modern democracies facing a similar crisis.
Book Synopsis Low Fertility and Reproductive Health in East Asia by : Naohiro Ogawa
Download or read book Low Fertility and Reproductive Health in East Asia written by Naohiro Ogawa and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-07 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a unique blend of social and biomedical sciences in the field of low fertility and reproductive health. It offers a significant contribution to understanding the determinants of low fertility mostly in East Asia, including an assessment of the effectiveness of policies that aim to raise fertility. It introduces new analytical tools and methods and shares application of innovative approaches to analyzing cross-sectional and longitudinal survey data and macro socioeconomic data to shed light on changing mechanisms of low fertility in the context of reproductive health. The volume introduces the demographic dividend into the study of fertility, analyzes possible impact of population ageing on the amount of resources allocated to child rearing, i.e. the so called "crowding effect" in social care and public spending between the elderly and children. The book also tests the Low Fertility Trap (LFT) hypothesis, a new important theory regarding fertility trends. The book focuses on East Asia which is numerically large but relatively under-researched with regard to issues covered in various chapters. The relevance of the volume, however, goes beyond countries in East Asia. The book breaks new grounds and reveals little known facts regarding the influence of endocrine disruptors on male fertility through falling sperm counts, the phenomenon of marital sexlessness and about the sexual behavior of adolescents in East Asia.
Book Synopsis Gender and the Contours of Precarious Employment by : Leah F. Vosko
Download or read book Gender and the Contours of Precarious Employment written by Leah F. Vosko and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2009-09-10 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Precarious employment presents a challenge to the social, economic, and political stability of labour markets in industrialized societies and there is widespread consensus that its growth is contributing to a series of common social inequalities, especially along the lines of gender and citizenship. This collection aims to yield new ways of understanding the forces driving labour market insecurity.
Book Synopsis China's Family Planning Program by : Judith Banister
Download or read book China's Family Planning Program written by Judith Banister and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
