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Overview Of An Urban Canopy Parameterization In Coamps
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Book Synopsis Overview of an Urban Canopy Parameterization in COAMPS. by : M. J. Leach
Download or read book Overview of an Urban Canopy Parameterization in COAMPS. written by M. J. Leach and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Coupled Atmosphere/Ocean Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) model (Hodur, 1997) was developed at the Naval Research Laboratory. COAMPS has been used at resolutions as small as 2 km to study the role of complex topography in generating mesoscale circulation (Doyle, 1997). The model has been adapted for use in the Atmospheric Science Division at LLNL for both research and operational use. The model is a fully, non-hydrostatic model with several options for turbulence parameterization, cloud processes and radiative transfer. We have recently modified the COAMPS code to include building and other urban surfaces effects in the mesoscale model by incorporating an urban canopy parameterization (UCP) (Chin et al., 2005). This UCP is a modification of the original parameterization of (Brown and Williams, 1998), based on Yamada's (1982) forest canopy parameterization and includes modification of the TKE and mean momentum equations, modification of radiative transfer, and an anthropogenic heat source. COAMPS is parallelized for both shared memory (OpenMP) and distributed memory (MPI) architecture.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of an Urban Canopy Parameterization in a Mesoscale Model by :
Download or read book Evaluation of an Urban Canopy Parameterization in a Mesoscale Model written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A modified urban canopy parameterization (UCP) is developed and evaluated in a three-dimensional mesoscale model to assess the urban impact on surface and lower atmospheric properties. This parameterization accounts for the effects of building drag, turbulent production, radiation balance, anthropogenic heating, and building rooftop heating/cooling. USGS land-use data are also utilized to derive urban infrastructure and urban surface properties needed for driving the UCP. An intensive observational period with clear-sky, strong ambient wind and drainage flow, and the absence of land-lake breeze over the Salt Lake Valley, occurring on 25-26 October 2000, is selected for this study. A series of sensitivity experiments are performed to gain understanding of the urban impact in the mesoscale model. Results indicate that within the selected urban environment, urban surface characteristics and anthropogenic heating play little role in the formation of the modeled nocturnal urban boundary layer. The rooftop effect appears to be the main contributor to this urban boundary layer. Sensitivity experiments also show that for this weak urban heat island case, the model horizontal grid resolution is important in simulating the elevated inversion layer. The root mean square errors of the predicted wind and temperature with respect to surface station measurements exhibit substantially larger discrepancies at the urban locations than the rural counterparts. However, the close agreement of modeled tracer concentration with observations fairly justifies the modeled urban impact on the wind direction shift and wind drag effects.
Book Synopsis Further Evaluation of an Urban Canopy Parameterization Using VTMX and Urban 2000 Data by : M. J. Leach
Download or read book Further Evaluation of an Urban Canopy Parameterization Using VTMX and Urban 2000 Data written by M. J. Leach and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Almost two-thirds of the U.S. population live in urbanized areas occupying less than 2% of the landmass. Similar statistics of urbanization exists in other parts of the world. With the rapid growth of the world population, urbanization appears to be an important issue on environmental and health aspects. As a result, the interaction between the urban region and atmospheric processes becomes a very complex problem. Further understanding of this interaction via the surface and/or atmosphere is of importance to improve the weather forecast, and to minimize the loss caused by the weather-related events, or even by the chemical-biological threat. To this end, Brown and Willaims, (1998) first developed an urban canopy scheme to parameterize the urban infrastructure effect. This parameterization accounts for the effects of drag, turbulent production, radiation balance, and anthropogenic and rooftop heating. Further modification was made and tested in our recent sensitivity study for an idealized case using a mesoscale model. Results indicated that the addition of the rooftop surface energy equation enables this parameterization to more realistically simulate the urban infrastructure impact (Chin et al., 2000). To further improve the representation of the urban effect in the mesoscale model, the USGS land-use data with different resolutions (200 and 30 meters) are adopted to derive the urban parameters via a look-up table approach (Leone et al., 2002; Chin et al., 2004). This approach can provide us the key parameters for urban infrastructure and urban surface characteristics to drive the urban canopy parameterization with geographic and temporal dependence. These urban characteristics include urban fraction, roof fraction, building height, anthropogenic heating, surface albedo, surface wetness, and surface roughness. The objective of this study is to evaluate the modified urban canopy parameterization (UCP) with the observed measurements. Another objective is to demonstrate the deficiency of using limited numbers of single-station meteorological measurements to validate the urban impact in the mesoscale models. The final objective of this study is to assess the value of tracer data in assessing the performance of UCP.
Book Synopsis Using Satellite Remote Sensing, Field Observations and WRF/Single-Layer Urban Canopy Model Simulation to Analyze the Oklahoma City UHI Effect by : Hengyue Zhang
Download or read book Using Satellite Remote Sensing, Field Observations and WRF/Single-Layer Urban Canopy Model Simulation to Analyze the Oklahoma City UHI Effect written by Hengyue Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Urban Heat Island (UHI) was investigated using satellite data, ground observations, and simulations with an Urban Canopy Parameterization in a numerical weather prediction model. Satellite-observed surface skin temperatures at Xi'an City and Oklahoma City (OKC) were analyzed to compare the UHI intensity for the two inland cities. A larger population density and larger building density in Xi'an City creates a stronger skin-level UHI effect. However, ground observed 2-m surface air temperature (T[subscript]air) data showed an urban cooling island (UCI) effect that occurred over an urban region in OKC during the daytime of July 19, 2003. The sensitivity and accuracy of an Urban Canopy Model were evaluated by comparing simulation results between the urban and rural areas of OKC. The model reproduced skin temperature differences between the rural and urban area and reproduced a UCI effect in OKC. Furthermore, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF)/Noah/Single-Layer Urban Canopy Model (SLUCM) simulations were also compared with ground observations, including wind speeds, wind directions, and energy fluxes. Although the WRF/SLCUM model failed to simulate these variables accurately, it reproduced the diurnal variations of surface temperatures, wind speeds, wind directions and energy fluxes reasonably well.
Author :United States. Department of Energy. Chemical & Biological Nonproliferation Program Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :210 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Annual Report by : United States. Department of Energy. Chemical & Biological Nonproliferation Program
Download or read book Annual Report written by United States. Department of Energy. Chemical & Biological Nonproliferation Program and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Effect of Urban Canopy Parameterizations on Mesoscale Meteorological Model Simulations in the Paso Del Norte Area by :
Download or read book The Effect of Urban Canopy Parameterizations on Mesoscale Meteorological Model Simulations in the Paso Del Norte Area written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since mesoscale numerical models do not have the spatial resolution to directly simulate the fluid dynamics and thermodynamics in and around urban structures, urban canopy parameterizations are sometimes used to approximate the drag, heating, and enhanced turbulent kinetic energy (tke) produced by the sub-grid scale urban elements. In this paper, we investigate the effect of the urban canopy parameterizations used in the HOTMAC mesoscale meteorological model by turning the parameterizations on and off. The model simulations were performed in the Paso del Norte region, which includes the cities of El Paso and Ciudad Juarez, the Franklin and Sierra Juarez mountains, and the Rio Grande. The metropolitan area is surrounded by relatively barren scrubland and is intersected by strips of vegetation along the Rio Grande. Results indicate that the urban canopy parameterizations do affect the mesoscale flow field, reducing the magnitude of wind speed and changing the magnitude of the sensible heat flux and tke in the metropolitan area. A nighttime heat island and a daytime cool island exist when urban canopy parameters are turned on, but associated recirculation flows are not readily apparent. Model-computed solar, net, and longwave radiation values look reasonable, agreeing for the most part with published measurements.
Book Synopsis 24th Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology by :
Download or read book 24th Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XIV by : Sven-Erik Gryning
Download or read book Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XIV written by Sven-Erik Gryning and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-08 with total page 737 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the Millennium NATO/CCMS International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modeling and its Application, held May 15-19 in Boulder, Colorado. This volume is the latest in a series of proceedings dating back to 1971. The book addresses the problem of air pollution and reports the latest findings and developments in air pollution modeling, from a truly international list of contributors.
Book Synopsis Megacities and the Coast by : Mark Pelling
Download or read book Megacities and the Coast written by Mark Pelling and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-01-03 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on a major international study, this volume provides a synthesis of scientific knowledge on megacity urbanization on the coast, environmental impacts, risks and management choices, including a focus on adaptation, mitigation and disaster risk management. It is the primary output of a major international scientific project sponsored by the International Geosphere Biosphere Programme, the Land-Ocean Interactions at the Coastal Zone programme of IHDP/IGBP, and others. It brings together the work of over 60 contributing authors and an international review board. It presents the international policy and academic community with an unbiased and high quality assessment of the state-of-the art in areas of social-ecological systems interaction. One of its main messages is that while we know a great deal about megacities of more than ten million people and about urban processes, and about coasts and their physical and ecological processes (aquatic, physical and atmospheric), there is relatively little work that focusses primarily at points of intersection between large-scale urbanization and the coast. The book responds to this gap by providing the first global synthesis of megacity and large urban region urbanization on the coast. Its focus is on environmental and development challenges, climate change and disaster. It is interdisciplinary and brings together world recognised scientists (including many IPCC lead authors) on urban climate and atmosphere, disaster risk management, demography and coastal environments.
Book Synopsis Mesoscale Meteorological Modeling by : Roger A Pielke Sr
Download or read book Mesoscale Meteorological Modeling written by Roger A Pielke Sr and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-10-08 with total page 743 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 3rd edition of Mesoscale Meteorological Modeling is a fully revised resource for researchers and practitioners in the growing field of meteorological modeling at the mesoscale. Pielke has enhanced the new edition by quantifying model capability (uncertainty) by a detailed evaluation of the assumptions of parameterization and error propagation. Mesoscale models are applied in a wide variety of studies, including weather prediction, regional and local climate assessments, and air pollution investigations. Broad expansion of the concepts of parameterization and parameterization methodology Addition of new modeling approaches, including modeling summaries and summaries of data sets All-new section on dynamic downscaling
Book Synopsis Handbook of Fire and the Environment by : Brian J. Meacham
Download or read book Handbook of Fire and the Environment written by Brian J. Meacham and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-07-28 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fundamental purpose of this handbook is to raise awareness about environmental impacts of fire and fire suppression, primarily within the fire engineering and firefighting communities, but also within the environmental engineering and planning disciplines. The Handbook provides readers with a fundamental understanding of the problem and its magnitude and includes a set of tools and methods for assessing environmental, social and financial impacts, and a set of tools for identifying and selecting appropriate mitigation options.
Book Synopsis Numerical Weather and Climate Prediction by : Thomas Tomkins Warner
Download or read book Numerical Weather and Climate Prediction written by Thomas Tomkins Warner and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-12-02 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook provides a comprehensive yet accessible treatment of weather and climate prediction, for graduate students, researchers and professionals. It teaches the strengths, weaknesses and best practices for the use of atmospheric models. It is ideal for the many scientists who use such models across a wide variety of applications. The book describes the different numerical methods, data assimilation, ensemble methods, predictability, land-surface modeling, climate modeling and downscaling, computational fluid-dynamics models, experimental designs in model-based research, verification methods, operational prediction, and special applications such as air-quality modeling and flood prediction. This volume will satisfy everyone who needs to know about atmospheric modeling for use in research or operations. It is ideal both as a textbook for a course on weather and climate prediction and as a reference text for researchers and professionals from a range of backgrounds: atmospheric science, meteorology, climatology, environmental science, geography, and geophysical fluid mechanics/dynamics.
Book Synopsis Position, Navigation, and Timing Technologies in the 21st Century by : Y. Jade Morton
Download or read book Position, Navigation, and Timing Technologies in the 21st Century written by Y. Jade Morton and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-01-13 with total page 1170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covers the latest developments in PNT technologies, including integrated satellite navigation, sensor systems, and civil applications Featuring sixty-four chapters that are divided into six parts, this two-volume work provides comprehensive coverage of the state-of-the-art in satellite-based position, navigation, and timing (PNT) technologies and civilian applications. It also examines alternative navigation technologies based on other signals-of-opportunity and sensors and offers a comprehensive treatment on integrated PNT systems for consumer and commercial applications. Volume 1 of Position, Navigation, and Timing Technologies in the 21st Century: Integrated Satellite Navigation, Sensor Systems, and Civil Applications contains three parts and focuses on the satellite navigation systems, technologies, and engineering and scientific applications. It starts with a historical perspective of GPS development and other related PNT development. Current global and regional navigation satellite systems (GNSS and RNSS), their inter-operability, signal quality monitoring, satellite orbit and time synchronization, and ground- and satellite-based augmentation systems are examined. Recent progresses in satellite navigation receiver technologies and challenges for operations in multipath-rich urban environment, in handling spoofing and interference, and in ensuring PNT integrity are addressed. A section on satellite navigation for engineering and scientific applications finishes off the volume. Volume 2 of Position, Navigation, and Timing Technologies in the 21st Century: Integrated Satellite Navigation, Sensor Systems, and Civil Applications consists of three parts and addresses PNT using alternative signals and sensors and integrated PNT technologies for consumer and commercial applications. It looks at PNT using various radio signals-of-opportunity, atomic clock, optical, laser, magnetic field, celestial, MEMS and inertial sensors, as well as the concept of navigation from Low-Earth Orbiting (LEO) satellites. GNSS-INS integration, neuroscience of navigation, and animal navigation are also covered. The volume finishes off with a collection of work on contemporary PNT applications such as survey and mobile mapping, precision agriculture, wearable systems, automated driving, train control, commercial unmanned aircraft systems, aviation, and navigation in the unique Arctic environment. In addition, this text: Serves as a complete reference and handbook for professionals and students interested in the broad range of PNT subjects Includes chapters that focus on the latest developments in GNSS and other navigation sensors, techniques, and applications Illustrates interconnecting relationships between various types of technologies in order to assure more protected, tough, and accurate PNT Position, Navigation, and Timing Technologies in the 21st Century: Integrated Satellite Navigation, Sensor Systems, and Civil Applications will appeal to all industry professionals, researchers, and academics involved with the science, engineering, and applications of position, navigation, and timing technologies. pnt21book.com
Book Synopsis Urban Microclimate by : Evyatar Erell
Download or read book Urban Microclimate written by Evyatar Erell and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-06-25 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The quality of life of millions of people living in cities could be improved if the form of the city were to evolve in a manner appropriate to its climatic context. Climatically responsive urban design is vital to any notion of sustainability: it enables individual buildings to make use of renewable energy sources for passive heating and cooling, it enhances pedestrian comfort and activity in outdoor spaces, and it may even encourage city dwellers to moderate their dependence on private vehicles. Urban Microclimate bridges the gap between climatology research and applied urban design. It provides architects and urban design professionals with an understanding of how the structure of the built environment at all scales affects microclimatic conditions in the space between buildings, and analyzes the interaction between microclimate and each of the elements of the urban landscape. In the first two sections of the book, the extensive body of work on this subject by climatologists and geographers is presented in the language of architecture and planning professionals. The third section follows each step in the design process, and in part four a critical analysis of selected case study projects provides a demonstration of the complexity of applied urban design. Practitioners will find in this book a useful guide to consult, as they address these key environmental issues in their own work.
Book Synopsis Mixed-Phase Clouds by : Constantin Andronache
Download or read book Mixed-Phase Clouds written by Constantin Andronache and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-09-28 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mixed-Phase Clouds: Observations and Modeling presents advanced research topics on mixed-phase clouds. As the societal impacts of extreme weather and its forecasting grow, there is a continuous need to refine atmospheric observations, techniques and numerical models. Understanding the role of clouds in the atmosphere is increasingly vital for current applications, such as prediction and prevention of aircraft icing, weather modification, and the assessment of the effects of cloud phase partition in climate models. This book provides the essential information needed to address these problems with a focus on current observations, simulations and applications. Provides in-depth knowledge and simulation of mixed-phase clouds over many regions of Earth, explaining their role in weather and climate Features current research examples and case studies, including those on advanced research methods from authors with experience in both academia and the industry Discusses the latest advances in this subject area, providing the reader with access to best practices for remote sensing and numerical modeling
Book Synopsis Marine Fog: Challenges and Advancements in Observations, Modeling, and Forecasting by : Darko Koračin
Download or read book Marine Fog: Challenges and Advancements in Observations, Modeling, and Forecasting written by Darko Koračin and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-01-28 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents the history of marine fog research and applications, and discusses the physical processes leading to fog's formation, evolution, and dissipation. A special emphasis is on the challenges and advancements of fog observation and modeling as well as on efforts toward operational fog forecasting and linkages and feedbacks between marine fog and the environment.
Book Synopsis Weather and Climate of Malaysia by : Joo Tick Lim
Download or read book Weather and Climate of Malaysia written by Joo Tick Lim and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
