Organic Residues

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An Archaeologist's Guide to Organic Residues in Pottery

Author : Eleanora A. Reber
Publisher : University of Alabama Press
ISBN 13 : 0817321225
Total Pages : 225 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (173 download)

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Book Synopsis An Archaeologist's Guide to Organic Residues in Pottery by : Eleanora A. Reber

Download or read book An Archaeologist's Guide to Organic Residues in Pottery written by Eleanora A. Reber and published by University of Alabama Press. This book was released on 2022-08-02 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Organic residue analysis is a technical specialty that blends an unusual type of instrumental organic chemistry and archaeology. Because it is considered abstruse, archaeologists of all degrees of experience tend to struggle with how to apply the technology to archaeological questions and how to sample effectively in the field to answer these questions. "Organic Residues in Pottery" uses a case-study approach to explain the methods and application of organic residue analysis to archaeologists in a reader-friendly tone. The case studies come from Reber's more than twenty years of research. Pottery analysis is considered an important component of excavating a site. Organic pottery residues are made up of chemicals that absorb into pots over their use-lifetime. Analysis of the residues can allow fascinating interpretations of human behavior that are only recognizable from this analysis. The analysis allows archaeologists to interpret the ways that people have used pottery. For instance, pottery analysis can help reveal what people ate, whether different types of vessels were used for different cooking or foodstuffs preparation, and whether "elite" vessels were in use. Every residue comprises many different chemicals. Analysis includes a series of steps. Reber starts with basic information, such as how a residue forms in different environments. Other chapters discuss excavation of the residue (including extraction, instrumentation, and analysis), interpreting results, different contaminators, common substances found (e.g., caffeine and nicotine, maize, tree resins, and fish and shellfish), how to sample, how to talk with a lab analyst, and future benefits of residue analysis"--

Organic Residue Analysis and Archaeology

Author : Julie Dunne
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781848024847
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (248 download)

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Book Synopsis Organic Residue Analysis and Archaeology by : Julie Dunne

Download or read book Organic Residue Analysis and Archaeology written by Julie Dunne and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document provides guidance for good practice in the recovery, analysis and publication of organic residues from archaeological sites. It has been written for a range of archaeological professionals, including local authority archaeology officers, archaeological units and consultants, project managers, museum curators, conservators and pottery specialists, with the aim of ensuring that approaches are suitable, cost-effective and informative. The objectives of the guidelines are to: * inform practicing archaeologists of the principles and potential applications of organic residue analysis (ORA) * provide clear and coherent guidance on organic residues recovery, sampling and analysis * demonstrate the research potential of the approach The Supporting Information document contains further detail on terms and concepts used in ORA and analytical techniques used to identify organic residues, together with guidance on where future research themes involving ORA might usefully be targeted. A thematically organised bibliography and details of where to access literature relating to ORA is also included. It also incorporates a short section on reporting, publishing and digital archiving, and guidance for museum curators and conservators in archiving ceramics with potential to be used for ORA.

The Role of Organic Matter in Modern Agriculture

Author : Y. Chen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400944268
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis The Role of Organic Matter in Modern Agriculture by : Y. Chen

Download or read book The Role of Organic Matter in Modern Agriculture written by Y. Chen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of organic residues as a means of maintaining and increasing soil fertility is of long-standing. This tradition has been somewhat neglected since the introduc tion of mineral fertilizers at low cost. More and more farmers and scientists are now showing renewed interest in the proper and effective use of org~tnic residues, composts and other recycled organic additives. The role and function of organic amendments in modern agricultural systems have become topics of major interest in the scientific and agricultural communities. Research work on residue disposal has provided new concepts on the interaction between organic components and soils as well as new handling technologies (e. g. pelletizing of organic residues). The trend to conserve energy has led scientists to study the minimal tillage system, to find ways of replacing conventional inorganic fertilizers with natural organic prod ucts or microbial preparations, and to develop new composting methods. The drive to achieve higher yields in commercial greenhouse farming has led to a search for optimum substrates as growth media and for improved management techniques. This has led to the introduction of organic substitutes for peat, nota bly those originating from agricultural wastes. Another important aspect is the current interest in organic farming, where use of synthetic chemicals is avoided or prohibited. An increasing percentage of the population in highly developed countries is willing to pay premium prices for food produced on soils where inorganic fertilizers and other agricultural chemicals have not been used.

The Use of Organic Residues in Rural Communities

Author : Cyril A. Shacklady
Publisher : United Nations University Press
ISBN 13 : 9789280803624
Total Pages : 190 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (36 download)

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Book Synopsis The Use of Organic Residues in Rural Communities by : Cyril A. Shacklady

Download or read book The Use of Organic Residues in Rural Communities written by Cyril A. Shacklady and published by United Nations University Press. This book was released on 1983 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Soil Organic Matter

Author : M. M. Kononova
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1483185680
Total Pages : 545 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (831 download)

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Book Synopsis Soil Organic Matter by : M. M. Kononova

Download or read book Soil Organic Matter written by M. M. Kononova and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-02 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil Organic Matter: Its Nature, Its Role in Soil Formation and in Soil Fertility focuses on the contributions of soil organic matter in soil formation and fertility, including weathering, decomposition, and synthesis of humus substances. The publication first elaborates on the main stages in the history of soil humus study and ideas on the composition of soil organic matter and nature of humus substances. Discussions focus on organic substances of individual nature, strictly humus substances in soil organic matter, and humus substances as a complex of high molecular- weight compounds. The text then examines the biochemistry of humus formation, including the role of physical, chemical, and biological factors, origin of humus substances, possible participation of lignin in the formation of humus substances, and the role of oxidizing enzymes in the synthesis of humus substances. The manuscript takes a look at the importance of organic matter in soil formation and soil fertility and the natural factors of humus formation. Topics include the role of organic matter in the weathering and decomposition of soil minerals; role of organic matter in the formation of soil structure; effect of organic matter on the growth and development of plants; and influence of chemical and physicochemical soil properties on humus formation. The publication is a dependable source material for readers interested in the influence of soil organic matter in soil formation and fertility.

The Importance of Soil Organic Matter

Author : Alexandra Bot
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN 13 : 9789251053669
Total Pages : 96 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (536 download)

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Book Synopsis The Importance of Soil Organic Matter by : Alexandra Bot

Download or read book The Importance of Soil Organic Matter written by Alexandra Bot and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2005 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil organic matter - the product of on-site biological decomposition - affects the chemical and physical properties of the soil and its overall health. Its composition and breakdown rate affect: the soil structure and porosity; the water infiltration rate and moisture holding capacity of soils; the diversity and biological activity of soil organisms; and plant nutrient availability. This document concentrates on the organic matter dynamics of cropping soils and discusses the circumstances that deplete organic matter and their negative outcomes. It then moves on to more proactive solutions. It reviews a "basket" of practices in order to show how they can increase organic matter content and discusses the land and cropping benefits that then accrue.--Publisher's description.

Encyclopedia of Geoarchaeology

Author : Allan S. Gilbert
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9789400748279
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (482 download)

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Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Geoarchaeology by : Allan S. Gilbert

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Geoarchaeology written by Allan S. Gilbert and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geoarchaeology is the archaeological subfield that focuses on archaeological information retrieval and problem solving utilizing the methods of geological investigation. Archaeological recovery and analysis are already geoarchaeological in the most fundamental sense because buried remains are contained within and removed from an essentially geological context. Yet geoarchaeological research goes beyond this simple relationship and attempts to build collaborative links between specialists in archaeology and the earth sciences to produce new knowledge about past human behavior using the technical information and methods of the geosciences. The principal goals of geoarchaeology lie in understanding the relationships between humans and their environment. These goals include (1) how cultures adjust to their ecosystem through time, (2) what earth science factors were related to the evolutionary emergence of humankind, and (3) which methodological tools involving analysis of sediments and landforms, documentation and explanation of change in buried materials, and measurement of time will allow access to new aspects of the past. This encyclopedia defines terms, introduces problems, describes techniques, and discusses theory and strategy, all in a format designed to make specialized details accessible to the public as well as practitioners. It covers subjects in environmental archaeology, dating, materials analysis, and paleoecology, all of which represent different sources of specialist knowledge that must be shared in order to reconstruct, analyze, and explain the record of the human past. It will not specifically cover sites, civilizations, and ancient cultures, etc., that are better described in other encyclopedias of world archaeology. The Editor Allan S. Gilbert is Professor of Anthropology at Fordham University in the Bronx, New York. He holds a B.A. from Rutgers University, and his M.A., M.Phil., and Ph.D. were earned at Columbia University. His areas of research interest include the Near East (late prehistory and early historic periods) as well as the Middle Atlantic region of the U.S. (historical archaeology). His specializations are in archaeozoology of the Near East and geoarchaeology, especially mineralogy and compositional analysis of pottery and building materials. Publications have covered a range of subjects, including ancient pastoralism, faunal quantification, skeletal microanatomy, brick geochemistry, and two co-edited volumes on the marine geology and geoarchaeology of the Black Sea basin.

Soil Organic Matter in Sustainable Agriculture

Author : Fred Magdoff
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 020349637X
Total Pages : 411 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis Soil Organic Matter in Sustainable Agriculture by : Fred Magdoff

Download or read book Soil Organic Matter in Sustainable Agriculture written by Fred Magdoff and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-05-27 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recognition of the importance of soil organic matter (SOM) in soil health and quality is a major part of fostering a holistic, preventive approach to agricultural management. Students in agronomy, horticulture, and soil science need a textbook that emphasizes strategies for using SOM management in the prevention of chemical, biological, and physical problems. Soil Organic Matter in Sustainable Agriculture gathers key scientific reviews concerning issues that are critical for successful SOM management. This textbook contains evaluations of the types of organic soil constituents—organisms, fresh residues, and well-decomposed substances. It explores the beneficial effects of organic matter on soil and the various practices that enhance SOM. Chapters include an examination of the results of crop management practices on soil organisms, organic matter gains and losses, the significance of various SOM fractions, and the contributions of fungi and earthworms to soil quality and crop growth. Emphasizing the prevention of imbalances that lead to soil and crop problems, the text also explores the development of soils suppressive to plant diseases and pests, and relates SOM management to the supply of nutrients to crops. This book provides the essential scientific background and poses the challenging questions that students need to better understand SOM and develop improved soil and crop management systems.

Organic Matter and Rice

Author :
Publisher : Int. Rice Res. Inst.
ISBN 13 : 9711041049
Total Pages : 642 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Organic Matter and Rice by :

Download or read book Organic Matter and Rice written by and published by Int. Rice Res. Inst.. This book was released on 1984 with total page 642 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Soil Organic Matter in Temperate AgroecosystemsLong Term Experiments in North America

Author : Eldor A. Paul
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000721965
Total Pages : 436 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Soil Organic Matter in Temperate AgroecosystemsLong Term Experiments in North America by : Eldor A. Paul

Download or read book Soil Organic Matter in Temperate AgroecosystemsLong Term Experiments in North America written by Eldor A. Paul and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-08-16 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The presence - or absence - of soil organic matter (SOM) has important implications for agricultural productivity. It could also have significant implications for global climate due to its role as a source/sink of carbon. Therefore, it is important to understand the issues related to the accumulation or loss of SOM, to use what we have learned from experiments to make sound decisions about soil and crop management, and to test models and future concepts concerning SOM management. A database is included with the book, presenting tabular data for 34 sites in North America. Soil Organic Matter in Temperate Agroecosystems discusses all of these issues and more, answering such questions as:

Soil Organic Matter and its Role in Crop Production

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080869696
Total Pages : 647 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (88 download)

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Book Synopsis Soil Organic Matter and its Role in Crop Production by :

Download or read book Soil Organic Matter and its Role in Crop Production written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1973-01-01 with total page 647 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil Organic Matter and its Role in Crop Production

Soil Organic Matter and Feeding the Future

Author : Rattan Lal
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000483916
Total Pages : 428 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis Soil Organic Matter and Feeding the Future by : Rattan Lal

Download or read book Soil Organic Matter and Feeding the Future written by Rattan Lal and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-12-09 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil organic matter (SOM) is the primary determinant of soil functionality. Soil organic carbon (SOC) accounts for 50% of the SOM content, accompanied by nitrogen, phosphorus, and a range of macro and micro elements. As a dynamic component, SOM is a source of numerous ecosystem services critical to human well-being and nature conservancy. Important among these goods and services generated by SOM include moderation of climate as a source or sink of atmospheric CO2 and other greenhouse gases, storage and purification of water, a source of energy and habitat for biota (macro, meso, and micro-organisms), a medium for plant growth, cycling of elements (N, P, S, etc.), and generation of net primary productivity (NPP). The quality and quantity of NPP has direct impacts on the food and nutritional security of the growing and increasingly affluent human population. Soils of agroecosystems are depleted of their SOC reserves in comparison with those of natural ecosystems. The magnitude of depletion depends on land use and the type and severity of degradation. Soils prone to accelerated erosion can be strongly depleted of their SOC reserves, especially those in the surface layer. Therefore, conservation through restorative land use and adoption of recommended management practices to create a positive soil-ecosystem carbon budget can increase carbon stock and soil health. This volume of Advances in Soil Sciences aims to accomplish the following: Present impacts of land use and soil management on SOC dynamics Discuss effects of SOC levels on agronomic productivity and use efficiency of inputs Detail potential of soil management on the rate and cumulative amount of carbon sequestration in relation to land use and soil/crop management Deliberate the cause-effect relationship between SOC content and provisioning of some ecosystem services Relate soil organic carbon stock to soil properties and processes Establish the relationship between soil organic carbon stock with land and climate Identify controls of making soil organic carbon stock as a source or sink of CO2 Connect soil organic carbon and carbon sequestration for climate mitigation and adaptation

Managing Organic Matter in Tropical Soils: Scope and Limitations

Author : Christopher Martius
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9781402004551
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (45 download)

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Book Synopsis Managing Organic Matter in Tropical Soils: Scope and Limitations by : Christopher Martius

Download or read book Managing Organic Matter in Tropical Soils: Scope and Limitations written by Christopher Martius and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002-01-31 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil organic matter is a reservoir for plant nutrients, provides water-holding capacity, stabilizes soil structure against compaction and erosion, and thus determines soil productivity. All agriculture to some degree depends on soil organic matter. It has long been known that soil organic matter declines when land is taken into cultivation, and that the productivity of new agricultural land is governed by fertility contributions from decomposing natural organic matter. The expansion of agriculture to ever new and more fragile lands, particularly in tropical and developing regions, causes environmental degradation with local effects on soil quality, regional effects on landscape integrity and water quality, and global effects on carbon cycles and the atmosphere. This book summarizes current knowledge of the properties and dynamics of soil organic matter in the tropics, its role in determining soil quality, its stability and turnover, and the options for management in the context of tropical landuse systems, for a readership of resource scientists, economists and advanced students. Maintenance of organic matter is critical for preventing land degradation. Case studies and practical applications are therefore an important part of the book, as are the exploration of future directions in research and management.

Soil Organic Matter

Author : M. Schnitzer
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080869750
Total Pages : 335 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (88 download)

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Book Synopsis Soil Organic Matter by : M. Schnitzer

Download or read book Soil Organic Matter written by M. Schnitzer and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1975-01-01 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil Organic Matter

Organic Waste Recycling: Technology, Management and Sustainability

Author : Chongrak Polprasert
Publisher : IWA Publishing
ISBN 13 : 178040820X
Total Pages : 600 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Organic Waste Recycling: Technology, Management and Sustainability by : Chongrak Polprasert

Download or read book Organic Waste Recycling: Technology, Management and Sustainability written by Chongrak Polprasert and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2017-06-15 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fourth edition of Organic Waste Recycling is fully updated with new material to create a comprehensive and accessible textbook: - New chapter on constructed wetlands for wastewater and faecal sludge stabilization. - New sections on: waste recycling vs. climate change and water; faecal sludge and its characteristics; hydrothermal carbonization technology; up-to-date environmental criteria and legislation and environmental risk assessment. - New case studies with emphasis on practices in both developed and developing countries have been included, along with more exercises at the end of chapters to help the readers understand the technical principles and their application. - Novel concepts and strategies of waste management are presented. - Up-to-date research findings and innovative technologies of waste recycling program are provided. This textbook is intended for undergraduate and graduate students majoring in environmental sciences and engineering as well as researchers, professionals and policy makers who conduct research and practices in the related fields. It is essential reading for experts in environmental science and engineering and sustainable waste reuse and recycling in both developed and developing countries.

Energy from Toxic Organic Waste for Heat and Power Generation

Author : Debabrata Barik
Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0081025297
Total Pages : 228 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (81 download)

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Book Synopsis Energy from Toxic Organic Waste for Heat and Power Generation by : Debabrata Barik

Download or read book Energy from Toxic Organic Waste for Heat and Power Generation written by Debabrata Barik and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2018-11-07 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energy from Toxic Organic Waste for Heat and Power Generation presents a detailed analysis on using scientific methods to recover and reuse energy from Toxic waste. Dr. Barik and his team of expert authors recognize that there has been a growing rise in the quantum and diversity of toxic waste materials produced by human activity, and as such there is an increasing need to adopt new methods for the safe regeneration and minimization of waste produce around the world. It is predominately broken down into 5 sections: - The first section provides and overview on the Toxic waste generation addressing the main components for the imbalance in ecosystem derived from human activity - The second section sets out ways in which toxic waste can be managed through various methods such as chemical treatment, cracking and Electro-beam treatment - The final 3 sections deliver an insight in to how energy can be extracted and recycled into power from waste energy and the challenges that these may offer This book is essential reference for engineering industry workers and students seeking to adopt new techniques for reducing toxic waste and in turn extracting energy from it whilst complying with pollution control standards from across the world. - Presents techniques which can be adopted to reduce toxic organic waste while complying with regulations and extract useable energy it - Includes case studies of various global industries such as nuclear, medical and research laboratories to further enhance the readers understanding of efficient planning, toxic organic waste reduction methods and energy conversion techniques - Analyses methods of extracting and recycling energy from toxic organic waste products

Soil Enzymology in the Recycling of Organic Wastes and Environmental Restoration

Author : Carmen Trasar-Cepeda
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642211623
Total Pages : 355 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (422 download)

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Book Synopsis Soil Enzymology in the Recycling of Organic Wastes and Environmental Restoration by : Carmen Trasar-Cepeda

Download or read book Soil Enzymology in the Recycling of Organic Wastes and Environmental Restoration written by Carmen Trasar-Cepeda and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-09-30 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil enzymes play a fundamental role in many soil processes such as the mineralization of organic matter, the synthesis of humic substances, the degradation of xenobiotics or the mechanisms involved in the biocontrol of plant pathogens. Their direct link with soil microorganisms gives them a key role as biomonitors of the evolution of soil quality or in the monitoring of the application of organic amendments to degraded soils. As a consequence of the importance of soil enzymes on soil processes, there is an increasing interest in their study, as well as in the application of molecular techniques as diagnostic tools.