Optimization Of Layered Battery Cathode Materials Synthesized Via Spray Pyrolysis

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Optimization of Layered Battery Cathode Materials Synthesized Via Spray Pyrolysis

Author : Miklós Lengyel
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 217 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (891 download)

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Book Synopsis Optimization of Layered Battery Cathode Materials Synthesized Via Spray Pyrolysis by : Miklós Lengyel

Download or read book Optimization of Layered Battery Cathode Materials Synthesized Via Spray Pyrolysis written by Miklós Lengyel and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rapid advancements of techniques for the synthesis of Li-ion battery materials are critically needed to address the requirement of a clean and efficient transportation sector. The current research serves this goal by developing an approach to producing layered cathode materials with superior electrochemical performance for electric vehicles (EVs). Current widespread application of EVs is primarily limited by their short range and their high price, which is primarily driven by the cost of the battery pack. The cost of the battery pack is driven by the cost of the cathode material that empowers it. Novel, high throughput and inexpensive synthesis methods delivering nanostructured materials are a key to meeting these requirements. The synthesis techniques need to be scalable, robust, and reproducible while producing high-density materials for lithium ion batteries. To this end we advance spray pyrolysis for the synthesis of the layered NMC composite materials, which are showing high promise as a cathode material. Spray pyrolysis produces high purity materials, and the limited number of process parameters allows for low cost and excellent control over product properties and outstanding batch-to-batch reproducibility. Layered Li-excess composite materials show nearly twice the capacity of commercial LiCoO2 cells. The materials are inexpensive, have improved safety characteristics and long cycle life. Yet, as recently demonstrated, the materials suffer from an inherent layered-spinel phase change. This leads to a voltage fade over extended cycling, and this shortcoming needs to be addressed before commercial implementation is feasible. In this work spherical-shape layered xLi2MnO3*(1-x)LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 composites were synthesized. The relationship between composition and material stability under different synthesis conditions (350 °C - 800°C reactor temperatures, 0.5 - 2.5 M concentration, 6.6 - 10.4 lpm flow rates) were explored. We found that from among the compositions corresponding to x = 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7, the composition for x = 0.3, or Li1.14Mn0.46Ni0.2Co0.2O2, provides improved stability and the least amount of voltage fade while displaying capacities around 190 mAhg-1 after 100 cycles at C/10 rate at room temperature. At the same time, for x = 0.5, or Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2, the material delivers 205-210 mAhg-1 discharge capacities at C/3 rate at room temperature after 100 cycles, but displays more voltage fade over cycling. This work demonstrated that the major process parameters (flow rate, reactor synthesis temperature and concentration) can be accurately controlled and the synthesis method is robust. The reproducibility of the process was evaluated using charge and discharge tests and the standard deviation for cycling tests was 4 mAhg-1 at C/3 rate based on 4 batches produced under identical conditions on different dates. This indicates excellent batch-to-batch reproducibility. Post-synthesis annealing temperature optimization was performed for cobalt doped samples at 850 °C and 900 °C and we found that annealing for 900 °C for 2 hours improves the cycling stability of the samples. We evaluated the effect of lithium content between 3.3 wt% excess and 3.3 wt% deficiency and annealed the materials for 2, 5 and 20 hours at 900 °C. This helped develop a fundamental understanding between surface area and internal structural changes related to the Li2MnO3 structural component of the materials. Spray pyrolysis uniquely allows for the accurate control of stoichiometry and composition to trace contaminant level at these concentrations. Furthermore, through a collaborative research between Argonne National Laboratory, X-Tend Energy, LLC and Washington University in St. Louis a novel, highly scalable patent-pending slurry spray pyrolysis process was developed, which allows the production of battery materials with excellent electrochemical performance and provides a general platform for oxide materials at greater than 50 gh-1 scale. This unique process is the only known solution to the hollow sphere issue that has challenged spray pyrolysis synthesis for decades, namely producing particles greater than 2[mu]m size with a solid (non-hollow) but porous interior morphology. Tap densities greater than 1.0 gcm-3 are achieved at greater than 50 gh-1 scale as compared to 0.4-0.6 gcm-3 at 2 gh-1 scale. Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 produced by this novel process delivered ~205 mAhg-1 discharge capacity after 100 cycles at C/3 rate at room temperature, reproducing the electrochemical performance of the laboratory scale synthesis process and meeting or exceeding the performing of materials produced by co-precipitation. Voltage fade was addressed in the latter part of the work by varying the compositional ratio and using trace elemental doping. Results demonstrated for the first time that by selectively doping the xLi2MnO3*(1-x)LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 materials voltage fade can be reduced, as indicated by dQ/dV curves. The spray pyrolysis process for xLi2MnO3*(1-x)LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 materials, in particular for layered Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 displayed the highest capacity (c.a. 205-210 mAhg-1 after 100 cycles at C/3 rate at room temperature) among all cathode materials synthesized via spray pyrolysis to date.

Optimization of Spray Pyrolysis for the Synthesis of Cathode Materials for Lithium- and Sodium-ion Batteries

Author : Kuan-Yu Shen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 146 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Optimization of Spray Pyrolysis for the Synthesis of Cathode Materials for Lithium- and Sodium-ion Batteries by : Kuan-Yu Shen

Download or read book Optimization of Spray Pyrolysis for the Synthesis of Cathode Materials for Lithium- and Sodium-ion Batteries written by Kuan-Yu Shen and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energy storage in the 21st century has become one of the most critical requirements to maintain sustainable development and a growing global economy. Today, the advancement of lithium-ion batteries is being taken to the next level with targeted applications being electric vehicles (EVs) and grid storage. Current widespread application of EVs is primarily limited by their short range and high price, which are significantly driven by the cost of the battery pack. The cost of the battery pack is driven by the cost of the cathode material that empowers it.The most common conventional synthesis method of cathode materials is co-precipitation, which includes long processing time and complex steps. Moreover, poor batch-to-batch uniformity due to differences in solubility and diffusivity of precursors further hinders large-scale implementation. To reduce energy consumption during production, and improve homogeneity of the product, we use spray pyrolysis for synthesizing multi-component metal oxide cathode materials. Spray pyrolysis, a promising development for larger scale synthesis in industry, requires shorter residence time in the reactor, eliminates washing and purification steps, and achieves excellent batch-to-batch reproducibility.Lithium, manganese-rich layered cathode material (LMR-NMC) has been studied intensively in the past decades and is one of the most attractive cathode materials under development. Its ability to reach discharge capacity above 200 mAh g-1 and low cobalt content make it a promising candidate for cathode material of electric vehicles. 0.5Li2MnO3·0.5LiMn1/3Ni1/3Co1/3O2 (Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2) is currently the most widely studied chemistry. Yet, as recently demonstrated, the materials suffer from an inherent layered-spinel phase change. This leads to capacity and voltage fade over extended cycling, and this shortcoming needs to be addressed before commercial implementation is feasible.In the first part of the dissertation, voltage fade was addressed by trace elemental doping. Results demonstrated for the first time that by selectively doping the LMR-NMC materials, voltage fade can be reduced. The aluminum doped Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 demonstrated improved capacity retention of 99.4 % comparing to 91.5 % of the undoped material after 100 cycles. Furthermore, Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) was used to modify the surface of Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 with thin layer CeO2, aiming to decrease voltage and capacity fade by increasing the substrate conductivity and setting a barrier for metal dissolution. The optimal CeO2 film thickness was 2.5 nm deposited by 50 cycles of CeO2 ALD. The cyclic stability improved to 60 % capacity retention after 400 cycles at C/1 and 55 °C. The CeO2 coating also reduced voltage fade.In addition, with the rising interest in sodium-ion battery research, tunnel structure sodium manganese oxide cathode materials were synthesized via spray pyrolysis. The materials demonstrate rod-like morphology after annealing. Optimal electrochemical performance was obtained from the sample produced with a Na/Mn precursor ratio of 0.50, which yielded phase pure Na4Mn9O18 structure. A discharge capacity of 115 mAh g-1 is reached for this material in the first cycle and the material demonstrates good cycleability and rate performance. This demonstrates the versatility of spray pyrolysis and its ability to synthesize a wide range of material with different structure and morphology.In later part of the work, a low temperature flame spray pyrolysis (LT-FSP) process is developed for the synthesis of Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2. High water content ethanol was used as a fuel and a swirl-stabilized burner was used to achieve stable operation at the low reactor temperature, which is lower than can be attained via traditional FSP. The effects of reactor temperature, which is controlled via altering ethanol concentration, on the physical properties and the electrochemical performances of the synthesized materials were characterized. Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 synthesized with 25 wt% ethanol showed the best results and delivered a discharge capacity of 203 mAh g-1 after 100 cycles under C/3. It also achieved good rate capability showing 201 mAh g-1 and 169 mAh g-1 under C/2 and C/1, which are comparable to state-of-the-art performances. The production rate of LT-FSP also reaches 90 g h-1.In addition, LT-FSP was used to investigate the seed loading density of slurry spray pyrolysis. Slurry spray pyrolysis is the only known solution to the hollow sphere issue that has challenged spray pyrolysis synthesis for decades, namely producing particles greater than 2 om size with a solid (non-hollow) but porous interior morphology. Tap densities achieved 1.1 g cc-1 with 32 wt% of seed loading, which is half the amount of what was previously demonstrated. Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 produced by slurry spray pyrolysis reproduces the electrochemical performance of the conventional spray pyrolysis, meeting or exceeding the performance of materials produced by co-precipitation.

Aerosol Synthesis of Cathode Materials for Li-ion Batteries

Author : Xiaofeng Zhang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 214 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (796 download)

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Book Synopsis Aerosol Synthesis of Cathode Materials for Li-ion Batteries by : Xiaofeng Zhang

Download or read book Aerosol Synthesis of Cathode Materials for Li-ion Batteries written by Xiaofeng Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rapid advancement of technologies for production of next-generation Li-ion batteries will be critical to address the Nation's need for clean, efficient and secure transportation system and renewable energy storage system. Advancements in materials are believed to be essential to meet the growing demand of high-performance materials for Li-ion batteries, as well as to bring down the battery cost (material cost) to a reasonable level. In the past decade, the primary focus in the Li-ion battery research has been to develop new materials, which are essential to improve the performance of the electrodes in terms of energy density, power density and cycle life. However, no single material has satisfied all the necessary criteria because there is a trade-off between energy and power in Li-ion batteries. Fortunately, by tailoring the nano-scale architectures, some of the "less robust" high-energy materials have yielded superior power density over their bulk materials, and these nanostructured materials have come to the forefront of the battery material research. A typical example is the Li-excess composite materials adopting nanostructured morphology. These materials can attain nearly twice the capacity of commercial LiCoO2. This high capacity has traditionally been a challenge to bulk composite materials, especially at elevated charge/discharge current density and at low temperature. Despite rapid advances in material development, to date, less attention has been placed on developing approaches to commercial scale production of materials with nano to micron features. Conventional processes such as solid-state reaction and wet-chemistry processes have notable challenges for large-scale material synthesis of nanostructured materials, including difficulty in controlling particle size, morphology and sometimes stoichiometry. They can also be energy-intensive, and have challenges associated with consistent production of uniform powders at scale-up. Motivated by the above, this work aims to develop new processes that are commercially viable for large-scale production of state-of-the-art battery materials. Aerosol synthesis is a standard industrial method for producing powders with controlled particle size. The materials producing in aerosol processes can have a variety of morphologies, from one-dimensional to three-dimensional structures. Spherical particles are desirable in the Li-ion battery industry because high packing density is required. In this research, spray pyrolysis and flame spray pyrolysis are successfully developed to produce high-quality, spherical cathode materials. These processes have many advantages over conventional processes including: (1) the ability to consistently produce uniform porous spherical particles, (2) low-cost, (3) simplicity, and (4) precise control over particle composition and crystal structure. This research will not only provide a basic understanding of the aerosol process for synthesizing nanostructured cathode materials, but also strategies for industry practice in aerosol processing of state-of-the-art battery materials. The dissertation includes the following achievements in developing an aerosol approach to synthesis of cathode materials. This work, for the first time, demonstrates the synthesis of spherical-shape spinel cathode powders using a hydrogen diffusion flame. A basic understanding of the relationship between flame temperature and structure, physical and chemical properties of the produced powder, and electrochemical system are provided. In particular, flame-made nanostructured 4 V LiMn2O4 and 5 V LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode materials have shown comparable performance to those from conventional processes. A spray pyrolysis was also developed to address the synthetic conditions for synthesizing the integrated layered-layered xLi2MnO3·(1-x)LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 and layered-spinel Li(1.2-[delta])Ni0.2Mn0.6O(2-[delta]/2) composite materials for high-energy Li-ion batteries. The composite materials obtained from spray pyrolysis shared some common morphological characteristics: spherical in shape, meso- to macro porous, polycrystalline, highly uniform inter- and intra-particles. In particular, the layered Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2 (equivalent to 0.5Li2MnO3·0.5LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2) material displayed the highest capacity (c.a. 250 mAhg-1) among all cathode materials ever made with spray pyrolysis. Furthermore, the nanostructured composite materials showed electrochemical performance comparable to, and in some aspect better than those materials produced via coprecipitation, the standard method of synthesis.

Rare Metal Technology 2021

Author : Gisele Azimi
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030654893
Total Pages : 346 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (36 download)

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Book Synopsis Rare Metal Technology 2021 by : Gisele Azimi

Download or read book Rare Metal Technology 2021 written by Gisele Azimi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-02-16 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection presents papers from a symposium on extraction of rare metals as well as rare extraction processing techniques used in metal production. It covers metals essential for critical modern technologies including electronics, electric motors, generators, energy storage systems, and specialty alloys. Rare metals are the main building blocks of many emerging critical technologies and have been receiving significant attention in recent years. Much research in academia and industry is devoted to finding novel techniques to extract critical and rare metals from primary and secondary sources. The technologies that rely on critical metals are dominating the world, and finding a way to extract and supply them effectively is highly desirable and beneficial. Rapid development of these technologies entails fast advancement of the resource and processing industry for their building materials. Authors from academia and industry exchange knowledge on developing, operating, and advancing extractive and processing technologies. Contributions cover rare-earth elements (magnets, catalysts, phosphors, and others), energy storage materials (lithium, cobalt, vanadium, graphite), alloy elements (scandium, niobium, titanium), and materials for electronics (gallium, germanium, indium, gold, silver). The contributions also cover various processing techniques in mineral beneficiation, hydrometallurgy, separation and purification, pyrometallurgy, electrometallurgy, supercritical fluid extraction, and recycling (batteries, magnets, electrical and electronic equipment).

Aerosol Spray Pyrolysis Synthesis of Doped LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Cathode Materials for Next Generation Lithium-Ion Batteries

Author : Georgia Kastrinaki
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (139 download)

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Book Synopsis Aerosol Spray Pyrolysis Synthesis of Doped LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Cathode Materials for Next Generation Lithium-Ion Batteries by : Georgia Kastrinaki

Download or read book Aerosol Spray Pyrolysis Synthesis of Doped LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Cathode Materials for Next Generation Lithium-Ion Batteries written by Georgia Kastrinaki and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The autonomy of next generation Electric Vehicles relies on the development of high energy density automotive batteries. LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 (spinel structure) is a promising active cathode material in terms of charge rate capability, theoretical capacity, cost and sustainability being a cobalt-free material. In the current study pristine and doped (Fe, Al, Mg) LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 particles were synthesized by an Aerosol Spray Pyrolysis pilot scale unit in a production rate of 100 gr. h,àí1 and were evaluated for their electrochemical activity in Half Coin Cell form. The doped particles were characterized in terms of their surface area, particle size distribution, crystallite size, morphology and ion insertion of the doping element into the LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 lattice by Raman spectroscopy. The mixed oxide particles had homogeneous composition which is an inert characteristic of aerosol spray pyrolysis synthesis. The electrochemical activity of the material is attributed both to the nanoscale structure, by successful dopant ion insertion into the spinel lattice as well as to optimization of carbon and spinel particle interface contact in the microscale for increase of electrode conductivity.

From Intrinsic to Extrinsic Design of Lithium-Ion Battery Layered Oxide Cathode Material Via Doping Strategies

Author : Chul-Ho Jung
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811963983
Total Pages : 72 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (119 download)

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Book Synopsis From Intrinsic to Extrinsic Design of Lithium-Ion Battery Layered Oxide Cathode Material Via Doping Strategies by : Chul-Ho Jung

Download or read book From Intrinsic to Extrinsic Design of Lithium-Ion Battery Layered Oxide Cathode Material Via Doping Strategies written by Chul-Ho Jung and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-10-20 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the comprehensive understanding of Ni-rich layered oxide of lithium-ion batteries cathodes materials, especially focusing on the effect of dopant on the intrinsic and extrinsic effect to its host materials. This book can be divided into three parts, that is, 1. overall understanding of layered oxide system, 2. intrinsic effect of dopant on layered oxides, and 3. extrinsic effect of dopant on layered oxides. To truly understand and discover the fundamental solution (e.g. doping) to improve the Ni-rich layered oxides cathodic performance, understanding the foundation of layered oxide degradation mechanism is the key, thus, the first chapter focuses on discovering the true degradation mechanisms of layered oxides systems. Then, the second and third chapter deals with the effect of dopant on alleviating the fundamental degradation mechanism of Ni-rich layered oxides, which we believe is the first insight ever been provided. The content described in this book will provide research insight to develop high-performance Ni-rich layered oxide cathode materials and serve as a guide for those who study energy storage systems.

Lithium Batteries

Author : Bruno Scrosati
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118615395
Total Pages : 495 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (186 download)

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Book Synopsis Lithium Batteries by : Bruno Scrosati

Download or read book Lithium Batteries written by Bruno Scrosati and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-06-18 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explains the current state of the science and points the way to technological advances First developed in the late 1980s, lithium-ion batteries now power everything from tablet computers to power tools to electric cars. Despite tremendous progress in the last two decades in the engineering and manufacturing of lithium-ion batteries, they are currently unable to meet the energy and power demands of many new and emerging devices. This book sets the stage for the development of a new generation of higher-energy density, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries by advancing battery chemistry and identifying new electrode and electrolyte materials. The first chapter of Lithium Batteries sets the foundation for the rest of the book with a brief account of the history of lithium-ion battery development. Next, the book covers such topics as: Advanced organic and ionic liquid electrolytes for battery applications Advanced cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries Metal fluorosulphates capable of doubling the energy density of lithium-ion batteries Efforts to develop lithium-air batteries Alternative anode rechargeable batteries such as magnesium and sodium anode systems Each of the sixteen chapters has been contributed by one or more leading experts in electrochemistry and lithium battery technology. Their contributions are based on the latest published findings as well as their own firsthand laboratory experience. Figures throughout the book help readers understand the concepts underlying the latest efforts to advance the science of batteries and develop new materials. Readers will also find a bibliography at the end of each chapter to facilitate further research into individual topics. Lithium Batteries provides electrochemistry students and researchers with a snapshot of current efforts to improve battery performance as well as the tools needed to advance their own research efforts.

Recent Perspectives in Pyrolysis Research

Author : Mattia Bartoli
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 1839699140
Total Pages : 450 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (396 download)

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Book Synopsis Recent Perspectives in Pyrolysis Research by : Mattia Bartoli

Download or read book Recent Perspectives in Pyrolysis Research written by Mattia Bartoli and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2022-04-13 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent Perspectives in Pyrolysis Research presents and discusses different routes of pyrolytic conversions. It contains exhaustive and comprehensive reports and studies of the use of pyrolysis for energy and materials production and waste management.

Scalable Synthesis of Solid-state Electrolytes Using Flame-assisted Spray Pyrolysis

Author : Valerie L. Muldoon
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (136 download)

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Book Synopsis Scalable Synthesis of Solid-state Electrolytes Using Flame-assisted Spray Pyrolysis by : Valerie L. Muldoon

Download or read book Scalable Synthesis of Solid-state Electrolytes Using Flame-assisted Spray Pyrolysis written by Valerie L. Muldoon and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the impacts of climate change become more apparent, demands for reliable and safe energy storage options are rapidly increasing. The decarbonization of several sectors that are responsible for large amounts of annual greenhouse gas emissions, such as the electricity and transportation sectors, can significantly benefit from improved energy storage options. In recent decades, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become a prominent contender for storing energy in a variety of applications. However, the safety, lifespan, power capability, and energy density need to improve in order for LIBs to be adopted on a wider scale. Unfortunately, LIB technology is reaching its performance limits due to the inclusion of a flammable liquid electrolyte. One solution being considered to improve LIB performance is to replace the liquid electrolyte with a non-flammable solid-state electrolyte (SSE), which enables the use of high voltage cathode materials and a lithium metal anode, thereby greatly improving the power and energy density of the battery. Of the various chemistries being considered for solid-state electrolytes, oxide-based SSEs are advantageous due to their safety and electrochemical and thermal stability. To ensure good rate performance and energy density, oxide-based SSEs must be manufactured in a thin, dense format. However, many current methods used to synthesize oxide-based SSEs are either too expensive and complex or produce powders that require many post-processing steps, which precludes the commercialization of oxide-based SSEs. In this work, flame-assisted spray pyrolysis (FASP), an inexpensive, scalable synthesis method, was used to produce SSE powders which can be further processed to fabricate thick pellet or thin-tape solid-state electrolyte samples. Li6.25Al0.25La3Zr2O12 (Al-doped LLZO) was synthesized due to its impressive electrochemical stability and relatively high ionic conductivity. The effect of FASP parameters on the as-synthesized Al-doped LLZO powder and on the quality of pellets and thin-tapes was investigated, and a stand-alone, all-oxide-based SSE having a total ionic conductivity of 3.5 x 10-6 S/cm was synthesized. The results show that FASP parameters can be tailored to produce solid-state electrolytes in an inexpensive, scalable way.

Lithium Batteries

Author : Christian Julien
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 331919108X
Total Pages : 626 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (191 download)

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Book Synopsis Lithium Batteries by : Christian Julien

Download or read book Lithium Batteries written by Christian Julien and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-09-28 with total page 626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book focuses on the solid-state physics, chemistry and electrochemistry that are needed to grasp the technology of and research on high-power Lithium batteries. After an exposition of fundamentals of lithium batteries, it includes experimental techniques used to characterize electrode materials, and a comprehensive analysis of the structural, physical, and chemical properties necessary to insure quality control in production. The different properties specific to each component of the batteries are discussed in order to offer manufacturers the capability to choose which kind of battery should be used: which compromise between power and energy density and which compromise between energy and safety should be made, and for which cycling life. Although attention is primarily on electrode materials since they are paramount in terms of battery performance and cost, different electrolytes are also reviewed in the context of safety concerns and in relation to the solid-electrolyte interface. Separators are also reviewed in light of safety issues. The book is intended not only for scientists and graduate students working on batteries but also for engineers and technologists who want to acquire a sound grounding in the fundamentals of battery science arising from the interaction of electrochemistry, solid state materials science, surfaces and interfaces.

Optimization of Spray Pyrolysis for Cathode-supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Author : Georgios D. Tsimekas
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 171 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Optimization of Spray Pyrolysis for Cathode-supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cells by : Georgios D. Tsimekas

Download or read book Optimization of Spray Pyrolysis for Cathode-supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cells written by Georgios D. Tsimekas and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Gas-Phase Synthesis of Nanoparticles

Author : Yves Huttel
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527340602
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (273 download)

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Book Synopsis Gas-Phase Synthesis of Nanoparticles by : Yves Huttel

Download or read book Gas-Phase Synthesis of Nanoparticles written by Yves Huttel and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-06-19 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first overview of this topic begins with some historical aspects and a survey of the principles of the gas aggregation method. The second part covers modifications of this method resulting in different specialized techniques, while the third discusses the post-growth treatment that can be applied to the nanoparticles. The whole is rounded off by a review of future perspectives and the challenges facing the scientific and industrial communities. An excellent resource for anyone working with the synthesis of nanoparticles, both in academia and industry.

Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Author : Christian Julien
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9780792366508
Total Pages : 658 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (665 download)

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Book Synopsis Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries by : Christian Julien

Download or read book Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries written by Christian Julien and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2000-10-31 with total page 658 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A lithium-ion battery comprises essentially three components: two intercalation compounds as positive and negative electrodes, separated by an ionic-electronic electrolyte. Each component is discussed in sufficient detail to give the practising engineer an understanding of the subject, providing guidance on the selection of suitable materials in actual applications. Each topic covered is written by an expert, reflecting many years of experience in research and applications. Each topic is provided with an extensive list of references, allowing easy access to further information. Readership: Research students and engineers seeking an expert review. Graduate courses in electrical drives can also be designed around the book by selecting sections for discussion. The coverage and treatment make the book indispensable for the lithium battery community.

Lithium Batteries

Author : Gholam-Abbas Nazri
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387926747
Total Pages : 725 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (879 download)

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Book Synopsis Lithium Batteries by : Gholam-Abbas Nazri

Download or read book Lithium Batteries written by Gholam-Abbas Nazri and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-01-14 with total page 725 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lithium Batteries: Science and Technology is an up-to-date and comprehensive compendium on advanced power sources and energy related topics. Each chapter is a detailed and thorough treatment of its subject. The volume includes several tutorials and contributes to an understanding of the many fields that impact the development of lithium batteries. Recent advances on various components are included and numerous examples of innovation are presented. Extensive references are given at the end of each chapter. All contributors are internationally recognized experts in their respective specialty. The fundamental knowledge necessary for designing new battery materials with desired physical and chemical properties including structural, electronic and reactivity are discussed. The molecular engineering of battery materials is treated by the most advanced theoretical and experimental methods.

Chemical Pre-intercalation Synthesis Approach for Novel Layered Cathode Materials for Li-ion and Beyond Li-ion Batteries

Author : Mallory Clites
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (112 download)

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Book Synopsis Chemical Pre-intercalation Synthesis Approach for Novel Layered Cathode Materials for Li-ion and Beyond Li-ion Batteries by : Mallory Clites

Download or read book Chemical Pre-intercalation Synthesis Approach for Novel Layered Cathode Materials for Li-ion and Beyond Li-ion Batteries written by Mallory Clites and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beyond-lithium ion (BLI) alkali ion-based batteries are rising in interest among researchers because of their utilization of more abundant, cost-effective charge carriers, including Na+ and K+ ions, compared to traditionally used Li+ ions. However, because such systems utilize electrochemically cycling ions with larger ionic radii, achieving fast diffusion and high insertion rates of the BLI carriers into traditional, close-packed electrode materials is challenging. As such, these new systems require the development of novel electrode materials with high capacity, rapid charge transfer, and stable behavior over extended cycling. Materials with open, layered crystal structures have proven themselves among the most reliable electrode materials for Na-ion and K-ion based batteries, enabling high performance in these emerging systems. Tuning and control of interlayer spacing and chemical composition in open layered structures, can be accomplished via simple wet chemical modification approaches. Such tailoring has the capability to increase ion insertion and movement as well as electrochemical stability, which may lead to improvements in electrochemical performance of these electrode structures. Layered vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) phases are promising candidates for BLI batteries in part because vanadium can be present in its highest oxidation state, 5+, and can undergo multiple reduction steps down to a 3+ state, allowing for the transfer of up to two electrons per vanadium ion. In particular, bilayered delta-V2O5℗ʺnH2O is an ideal phase for Li-ion and BLI systems due to its large open-layered structure offering facile movement of larger charge-carrying ions. The bilayered structure is built from double layers of VOx polyhedra which are separated by a large interlayer spacing of 11.5 (ANGSTROM SIGN) which is stabilized only by intercalated water molecules. When this delta-V2O5℗ʺnH2O phase is synthesized via scalable sol-gel and hydrothermal treatment capacity typically decays over extended cycling, due to lattice breathing and the gradual breakdown of the lamellar stacking of the V-O layers. This dissertation focuses on a novel chemical pre-intercalation synthesis approach as a means to improve electrochemical performance of bilayered vanadium oxide electrodes in Na- and K-ion systems. Via this approach, ion-containing delta-MxV2O5, where M represents alkali (Li+, Na+, K+), alkali-earth (Mg2+ and Ca2+) ions, phases can be synthesized. This synthesis technique allows for the tunability of the interlayer spacing from 9.65 to 13.4 (ANGSTROM SIGN) depending on the nature of the inserted ion. Further, synthesis of the electrode materials via chemical pre-intercalation approach can lead to increased capacities and electrochemical stability in Li-ion, Na-ion, and K-ion cells. Electrochemical performance of delta-MxV2O5 (M = Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca) in Li-ion cells will also be presented as a reference. Further, it will be demonstrated that this synthesis approach can lead to improved electrochemical performance of delta-V2O5 electrodes in intercalation-based batteries through three modes: (1) pre-intercalation of charge-carrying into the bilayered delta-V2O5 phase can lead to tailored ion transport and increase overall specific capacities, (2) optimization of interlayer water content, improvement of structural order, and increase of intralayer bonding via low-temperature vacuum annealing to improve electrochemical stability, and (3) pre-intercalation of electrochemically inactive organic and inorganic ions in order to stabilize the bilayered structure and improve capacity retention in both Li+ ion and BLI ion cycling. While this pre-intercalation synthesis route may lead to the partial reduction of the oxidation state of vanadium present in the structure, high discharge capacities over 200 mAh℗ʺg-1 are observed in all three ion-based systems in the voltage range of 2.0 - 4.3 V and a higher discharge capacity of 365 mAh℗ʺg-1 observed for the delta-NaxV2O5 electrodes in the Na-ion system in an expanded voltage range of 1.0 - 4.3 V. A detailed study of the mechanism of charge storage and the effect of charge-carrying ion size on experimentally achieved specific capacities and electrochemical stability in Li-ion, Na-ion and K-ion batteries will also be discussed. Additionally, organic cation-intercalated delta-OrgxV2O5 (DTA, DMO, CTA) phases can be synthesized via this approach, with interlayer spacings from 12.5 to 30.5 (ANGSTROM SIGN) depending on the cation and precursor concentration. The electrochemical performance of delta-OrgxV2O5 phases in Li-ion and Na-ion will be determined.

New Trends in Intercalation Compounds for Energy Storage

Author : Christian Julien
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9781402005947
Total Pages : 670 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (59 download)

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Book Synopsis New Trends in Intercalation Compounds for Energy Storage by : Christian Julien

Download or read book New Trends in Intercalation Compounds for Energy Storage written by Christian Julien and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002-04-30 with total page 670 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent advances in electrochemistry and materials science have opened the way to the evolution of entirely new types of energy storage systems: rechargeable lithium-ion batteries, electrochroms, hydrogen containers, etc., all of which have greatly improved electrical performance and other desirable characteristics. This book encompasses all the disciplines linked in the progress from fundamentals to applications, from description and modelling of different materials to technological use, from general diagnostics to methods related to technological control and operation of intercalation compounds. Designing devices with higher specific energy and power will require a more profound understanding of material properties and performance. This book covers the status of materials and advanced activities based on the development of new substances for energy storage.

Nanotechnology for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Author : Yaser Abu-Lebdeh
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461446058
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)

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Book Synopsis Nanotechnology for Lithium-Ion Batteries by : Yaser Abu-Lebdeh

Download or read book Nanotechnology for Lithium-Ion Batteries written by Yaser Abu-Lebdeh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-10-17 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book combines two areas of intense interest: nanotechnology, and energy conversion and storage devices. In particular, Li-ion batteries have enjoyed conspicuous success in many consumer electronic devices and their projected use in vehicles that will revolutionize the way we travel in the near future. For many applications, Li-ion batteries are the battery of choice. This book consolidates the scattered developments in all areas of research related to nanotechnology and lithium ion batteries.