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Optimization And Single Shot Characterization Of Ultrashort Thz Pulses From A Laser Wakefield Accelerator
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Book Synopsis Optimization and Single-Shot Characterization of Ultrashort THz Pulses from a Laser Wakefield Accelerator by :
Download or read book Optimization and Single-Shot Characterization of Ultrashort THz Pulses from a Laser Wakefield Accelerator written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We present spatiotemporal characterization of J-class ultrashort THz pulses generated from a laser wakefield accelerator (LWFA). Accelerated electrons, resulting from the interaction of a high-intensity laser pulse with a plasma, emit high-intensity THz pulses as coherent transition radiation. Such high peak-power THz pulses, suitable for high-field (MV/cm) pump-probe experiments, also provide a non-invasive bunch-length diagnostic and thus feedback for the accelerator. The characterization of the THz pulses includes energy measurement using a Golay cell, 2D sign-resolved electro-optic measurement and single-shot spatiotemporal electric-field distribution retrieval using a new technique, coined temporal electric-field cross-Correlation (TEX). All three techniques corroborate THz pulses of 5 muJ, with peak fields of 100's of kV/cm and ~;;0:4 ps rms duration.
Book Synopsis Single-shot Spatiotemporal Measurements of High-field Terahertz Pulses by :
Download or read book Single-shot Spatiotemporal Measurements of High-field Terahertz Pulses written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The electric field profiles of broad-bandwidth coherent terahertz (THz) pulses, emitted by laser-wakefield-accelerated electron bunches, are studied. The near-single-cycle THz pulses are measured with two single-shot techniques in the temporal and spatial domains. Spectra of 0-6 THz and peak fields up to ≃ 0.4 MV cm−1 are observed. The measured field substructure demonstrates the manifestation of spatiotemporal coupling at focus, which affects the interpretation of THz radiation as a bunch diagnostic and in high-field pump-probe experiments.
Book Synopsis Single-shot Characterization of Sub-10-fs Laser Pulses by : Raphael Tautz
Download or read book Single-shot Characterization of Sub-10-fs Laser Pulses written by Raphael Tautz and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Single-shot Spatiotemporal Measurements of Ultrashort THz Waveforms Using Temporal Electric-field Cross Correlation by :
Download or read book Single-shot Spatiotemporal Measurements of Ultrashort THz Waveforms Using Temporal Electric-field Cross Correlation written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new single-shot technique based on linear spectral interferometry between a temporally short reader pulse and a temporally long probe pulse is demonstrated for measuring the spatiotemporal phase and amplitude of an optical probe for use as an ultrafast diagnostic. The probe spatiotemporal field information is recovered, with a resolution set by the duration of the reader pulse, by applying a single Fourier transform operation to the interferogram image, without need of any reference data. The technique was used in conjunction with electro-optic sampling to measure waveforms of coherent, ultrashort THz pulses emitted by electron bunches from a laser-plasma accelerator with sub-50fs resolution. The presence of strong spatiotemporal coupling in the THz waveforms and of complex temporal electron-bunch structure was determined.
Book Synopsis Single-shot Measurement of the Spectral Envelope of Broad-bandwidth Terahertz Pulses from Femtosecond Electron Bunches by :
Download or read book Single-shot Measurement of the Spectral Envelope of Broad-bandwidth Terahertz Pulses from Femtosecond Electron Bunches written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We present a new approach (demonstrated experimentally and through modeling) to characterize the spectral envelope of a terahertz (THz) pulse in a single shot. The coherent THz pulse is produced by a femtosecond electron bunch and contains information on the bunch duration. The technique, involving a single low-power laser probe pulse, is an extension of the conventional spectral encoding method (limited in time resolution to hundreds of femtoseconds) into a regime only limited in resolution by the laser pulse length (tens of femtoseconds). While only the bunch duration is retrieved (and not the exact charge profile), such a measurement provides a useful and critical parameter for optimization of the electron accelerator.
Book Synopsis Characterisation and Optimization of Ultrashort Laser Pulses by : James Macpherson
Download or read book Characterisation and Optimization of Ultrashort Laser Pulses written by James Macpherson and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Characterisation and Optimization of Ultrashort Laser Pulses [electronic Resource] by : James B. Macpherson
Download or read book Characterisation and Optimization of Ultrashort Laser Pulses [electronic Resource] written by James B. Macpherson and published by University of Waterloo. This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ultrafast optical regime is defined, as it applies to laser pulses, along with a brief introduction to pulse generation and characterisation technologies. A more extensive description of our particular amplified pulse generation and SPIDER characterisation systems follows. Data verifying the correct operation of the characterisation system is presented and interpreted. Our laser system is then characterised in two different configurations. In each case, the data describing the system is presented and analyzed. Conclusions are made regarding the performance of both the characterisation and laser systems, along with suggested improvements for each.
Book Synopsis Characterization of Ultrashort Laser Pulses by : Steven P. Jensen
Download or read book Characterization of Ultrashort Laser Pulses written by Steven P. Jensen and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Characterisation of a Laser Wakefield Accelerator with Ultra-short Probe Pulses by : Maria Reuter
Download or read book Characterisation of a Laser Wakefield Accelerator with Ultra-short Probe Pulses written by Maria Reuter and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurden Aspekte der Elektronenbeschleunigung mithilfe eines Hochintensitätslasers in einem unterdichten Plasma untersucht. Der zugrundeliegende Beschleunigungsmechanismus bei dem durch den Laserpuls eine Plasmawelle erzeugt wird, die zusammen mit dem Laserpuls durch das Medium propagiert, nennt sich Laser Wakefield Acceleration. Aufgrund der gemeinsamen Propagation des Laserpuses und der Plasmawelle bewegt sich das longitudinale alternierende elektrische Feld der Plasmawelle mit nahezu Lichtgeschwindigkeit, sodass Elektronen, die im Feld dieser Plasmawelle eingefangen werden, auf relativistische Energien beschleunigt werden können. Während grundlegende Prinzipen, wie die Entstehung der Plasmawelle, die Injektion von Elektronen in die beschleunigende Phase der Welle und Grenzen des Beschleunigungsprozesses bereits bekannt sind, ist der genaue Ablauf der nichtlinearen Wechselwirkungsprozesse zwischen Laserpuls und Plasmawelle noch nicht ausreichend erforscht. Die nichtlineare Wechselwirkung hat zur Folge, dass kleinste Änderungen der Anfangsbedingungen zu starken Schwankungen der Elektronenpulsparameter führen können, die sich beispielsweise in Form von Unterschieden in beschleunigter Ladung, der Endenergie oder in Richtungsschwankugnen auswirken. Eine zentrale Rolle spielt dabei die Position im Plasma, an der Elektronen in die Plasmawelle injiziert werden, da diese Position die maximale Energie der Elektronen maßgeblich beeinflusst. Die Injektion der Elektronen in die Plasmawelle an einer definierten Position ist daher eine Möglichkeit Schuss-zu-Schuss-Schwankungen zu reduzieren und die Verwendung der beschleunigten Elektronenpulse, z.B. als stabile Sekundärstrahlungsquelle für zeitlich und räumlich hochauflösende Bildgebungsverfahren, zu ermöglichen. Durch die Untersuchung einer Methode zur kontrollierten Injektion an einem Elektronendichtesprung konnte ein Zusammenhang zwischen den Eigenschaften des Dichtesprungs zu verschiedenen Elektronenpulsparametern wie Elektronenenergie und beschleunigter Ladung rekonstruiert werden, was eine anwendungsspezifische Abstimmung der Elektronenpulse durch eine gezielte Formung des Dichtesprungs in Aussicht stellt. Nichtsdestotrotz konnten Schuss-zu-Schuss-Schwankungen in den Elektronenparametern nicht vollständig beseitigt werden und sind vermutlich auf die nichtlineare Evolution des Laserpusles im Plasma zurückzuführen. Für die Stabilisierung der Wechselwirkungsprozesse sind Kenntnisse über deren Abläufe zwingend notwendig, was eine Methode zur Beobachtung der Plasmawelle und des Laserpusles erfordert. Mithilfe eines ultrakurzen Probepulses in Kombination mit einem hochauflösenden Abbildungssystem, welche am Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik in Jena entwickelt wurden, können die in räumlichen und zeitlichen Skalen von Mikrometern und Femtosekunden stattfindenenden Prozesse genauer untersucht werden. Mit diesem System konnten Charakteristika der untrennbar mit dem Beschleunigungsprozess verbundenen Magnetfelder in noch nie dagewesenem Detail untersucht werden. Die damit einhergehenden tieferen Einblicke ermöglichten eine erstmalige Beobachtung von Signaturen des Magentfelds des treibenden Laserpulses und ebnen damit den Weg zu einer indirekten Beobachtung der Entwicklung des Laserpulses während der Wechselwirkung.
Book Synopsis Ultrashort Laser Pulses and Applications by : Wolfgang Kaiser
Download or read book Ultrashort Laser Pulses and Applications written by Wolfgang Kaiser and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-01-11 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ten years ago, Stanley L. Shapiro edited the book entitled Ultrashort Light Pulses (Topics Appl. Phys., Vol. 18), which was written by eight experts in the field. Six years later, Charles V. Shank added a bibliography (1980-1983) in the second edition with approximately one thousand new references. During the past decade the field has grown so rapidly that a completely new book had to be written. In particular, the reduction of the time scale of light pulses into the femtosecond range has opened up new experimental possibilities never even foreseen in the preceding literature. The vast literature with countless ideas and applications makes it impossible for a single person to write a comprehensive review. Nine scientists, actively working in the field since its beginning, have decided to join forces to prepare a new book describing the present state of the art. Emphasis is placed on the generation and numerous applications of ultrashort laser pulses. This book covers a wide area of science: physics, engineering, chemistry, and biology. The various chapters and sections are prepared in each case such that the reader is given a brief introduction to the specific subject. Ample references for a more detailed study are given at the end of each chapter.
Book Synopsis Ultrafast Imaging of Terahertz Pulses by : Zhenyou Wang
Download or read book Ultrafast Imaging of Terahertz Pulses written by Zhenyou Wang and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main purpose of this thesis is to develop terahertz (THz) generation, detection, and spectroscopy techniques via ultrafast imaging methods. Sampling THz pulse waveforms with a noncollinear imaging technique was carried out. Full-field images of the THz electric field waveforms sampled in E-mode can be used to perform THz spectroscopy, but multi-shots are required. On the other hand, the square of the THz electric field waveforms is obtained in a single shot in E2-mode, which enables single-shot THz spectroscopy of the transmitted THz power spectra. In order to study the THz generation process by optical rectification in LiNbO[subscript 3] crystals, we developed a novel transverse imaging technique to image the THz Cherenkov wave in side-view mode and top-view mode. Based on the images of the THz Cherenkov wave generated by the point focused optical pump pulse, parameters including the Cherenkov angle and group and phase velocities of the optical pump pulse and THz pulse, respectively, are measured directly. A transition-like radiation generated at the crystal boundary is imaged for the first time. Imaging distortions due to the transverse imaging geometry are simulated and a correction chart is made. We also imaged THz pulses generated with the titled-pulse-front excitation technique in real time. The real time visualization of THz pulse generation and propagation in LiNbO[subscript 3] crystals enables us to optimize the THz pulse generation efficiency in a more directway. Based on the transverse imaging technique, THz pulse reflection, transmission, and tunneling in various conditions are imaged, which may be useful in physics teaching demonstrations. Applications of the transverse imaging technique to image THz generation in periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN), air plasmas generated by femtosecond laser pulses, and nonlinear optical Kerr effect signals induced by femtosecond laser pulses in CS2, quartz, water, methanol, and THF are explored. Finally, a new type of free-standing, frameless carbon nanotube array THz polarizer is fabricated and tested.
Book Synopsis Single-shot Spatio-temporal Measurements of High-field Terahertzpulses by :
Download or read book Single-shot Spatio-temporal Measurements of High-field Terahertzpulses written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The electric field profiles of broad-bandwidth coherentterahertz (THz) pulses, emitted by laserwakefield-accelerated electronbunches, are studied. The near-single-cycle THz pulses are measured withtwo single-shot techniques in the temporal and spatial domains. Spectraof 0 - 6 THz and peak fields up to ~; 0.4 MVcm-1 are observed. Themeasured field substructure demonstrates the manifestation ofspatio-temporal coupling at focus, which affects the interpretation ofTHz radiation as a bunch diagnostic and in high-field pump-probeexperiments. A ray-based model confirms the coupling.
Book Synopsis Generation of Intense Terahertz Sources by Ultrashort Laser Pulses by : Pedro González de Alaiza Martínez
Download or read book Generation of Intense Terahertz Sources by Ultrashort Laser Pulses written by Pedro González de Alaiza Martínez and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The electromagnetic spectrum has a narrow frequency band, lying between microwaves and infrared, known as terahertz (THz) waves and extending from 0.1 to 30 THz. These waves, inaccessible until a recent past because they are situated at the boundary between electronics and optics, are raising interest because of their promising applications in several areas such as medical imaging and remote identification of explosives. However, producing intense THz radiation with amplitude belonging to the GV/m range should allow us to probe efficiently remote materials, which still remains an open issue. The goal of this thesis is precisely to study the generation of such intense THz radiation by coupling two ultrashort laser pulses -the fundamental and its second harmonic- able to ionize a gas target (for example, air or argon). The plasma created by photoionization then acts as a nonlinear frequency converter, transforming part of the laser energy into the THz band via a wide range of physical mechanisms including the Kerr effect, the photoionization and ponderomotive forces induced inside the plasma. By means of an analytical and numerical modeling of these key mechanisms, we have comprehensively examined the generation of THz pulses at laser intensities ranging from characteristic intensities met in laser filamentation (1012-1014 W cm−2) to sub-relativistic intensities (1015-1018 W cm−2), this latter intensity range having been little investigated so far in this domain. It is already known that at low intensities laser-induced photionization dominates in terahertzgeneration, which strongly depends on the configuration of the laser colours (or harmonics). We demonstrate here that, beyond the classical two-colour laser setup, coupling several laser frequencies following the harmonics of a sawtooth waveform is optimal to enhance THz production. Simulations predict a laser-to-THz energy conversion efficiency of 2% with four colours, a record value unequalled so far. Moreover, with an experiment realized in air, we identify the Kerr signature in the emitted THz spectrum, which, even weaker, looks complentary to the plasma signature. When the intensity of the laser pulse is increased beyond 1015 W cm−2, we prove that the growth of the emitted terahertz radiation is nonmonotonic, due to the fact that that there exists an optimal intensity value that maximizes the THz energy produced by each electronic shell of the irradiated atom. Finally, we have studied in 2D geometry the combined effect of photoionization and ponderomotive forces at intensities close to 1018 W cm−2, allowing us to obtain THz fields exceeding the GV/m threshold in argon. These latter forces increase with the laser intensity and thus open interesting perspectives for the generation of very intense terahertz fields in the relativistic regime of laser-matter interaction.
Book Synopsis High-power Terahertz Pulse Generation and Nonlinear Terahertz Carrier Dynamics in Semiconductors by : Ayesheshim Kebie Ayesheshim
Download or read book High-power Terahertz Pulse Generation and Nonlinear Terahertz Carrier Dynamics in Semiconductors written by Ayesheshim Kebie Ayesheshim and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis describes the generation, characterization, and nonlinear application of intense terahertz (THz) pulses. Nonlinear THz spectroscopy has emerged as a powerful tool to study the ultrafast time evolution of high-field charge carrier dynamics in semiconductors and nano-materials. The study of such phenomena in semiconductors and semiconductor structures requires intense THz pulses with high electric-field strengths. We have developed an improved experimental setup for generating high-power, nearsingle cycle THz pulses by tilted-pulse-front optical rectification in LiNbO3 with optimized optical-to-THz conversion efficiency, and proper characterization of the THz pulses in the Ultrafast Nanotools lab at the University of Alberta. We have investigated the effects of optical pump pulse pre-chirping and polarization on THz pulse generation using separate compressors for the optical pulses used for THz generation and detection. By down-chirping the 800 nm optical pump pulses to 385 fs, single-cycle THz pulses with energies up to 3.6 microJ were obtained, corresponding to an energy conversion efficiency of 3x10^{-3}. This high-field THz source is capable of generating electric fields greater than which can induce nonlinear carrier dynamics in semiconductors. We demonstrate novel high-field THz experiments that explore nonlinear processes in doped and photo-excited bulk semiconductors. As a benchmark and consistency check, a nonlinear THz absorption bleaching Z-scan experiment was conducted on an n-doped InGaAs epilayer on a lattice matched InP substrate. This experiment confirmed that the THz pulses generated by our source are adequate for ultrafast nonlinear measurements in the THz frequency range. Even more interesting, we have achieved unprecedented THz field absorption bleaching simply by flipping the face of the sample illuminated by the THz pulse pump. That is, we illuminate the insulating (substrate) side of the sample with the THz pulse in the Z-scan experiment rather than illuminating the usual (conducting) face of the sample. In this study considerable insight has been gained into developing an optical diode. We have also developed a technique to measure transient voltage pulses induced in doped and photoexcited semiconductors due to a shift current generated from the nonlinear THz dynamics of free electrons in the conduction band. This is a fascinating feature with a practical application as an ultrafast and ultra-sensitive THz phtotodetector. A Drude-based dynamic intervalley scattering simulation reveals that the nonlinear THz-induced transient voltage pulses are a result of intervalley scattering driven by high-field THz pulses. It is the first time that THz induced picosecond voltage transients are measured in semiconductors. We find that an intense THz pulse incident on an InGaAs sample excites a transient dipole due to intervalley scattering. Also, THz pulse induced transient voltage signals have been investigated in ZnTe, and doped-Si semiconductors due to a direct flow of free carriers upon THz photon absorption. We have observed nonlinear conductivity responses in Si, ZnTe, photo-excited SI-GaAs, and doped InGaAs, showing the strong THz pulse can heat the electron population and create a momentum distribution leading to saturable absorption in the THz frequency range.
Book Synopsis Time-resolved Characterization of Ultrashort Pulse Propagation by : Matthew Murray Springer
Download or read book Time-resolved Characterization of Ultrashort Pulse Propagation written by Matthew Murray Springer and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The propagation of ultrashort femtosecond laser pulses in linear dielectric materials is determined in the time, space, and frequency domains by linear Maxwell optics through dispersion and diffraction. For intense pulses, pulse propagation is additionally modified by nonlinearities in the medium such as the optical Kerr effect, plasma generation, and self-phase modulation. In this work we report the results of several experiments on the propagation of ultrashort pulses. In the linear regime, we characterize the temporal evolution of an ultrashort pulse during propagation through a linear dielectric under anomalous dispersion. Under these conditions the pulse evolution departs from the group velocity and group delay dispersion approximations, which leads to the formation of optical precursors. We describe an experiment which observes the propagation of optical precursors in a bulk condensed-matter dielectric. We generate ultrashort laser pulses and propagate the pulses through a bulk dye with an absorption resonance turned to the center wavelength of the femotsecond pulse. The pulse is then characterized in the time domain before and after propagation. Through numerical simulation we verify that the behavior of the precursors in the temporal pulse profille corresponds with the classical model. Under very high intensity laser pulses, the nonlinearities induced by the propagation of the intense ultrashort pulse produce changes in the complex refractive index of the nonlinear material. We report the results of experiments involving time-resolved imaging of the propagation of ultrashort pulses in dielectric materials. We experimentally observe and characterize these effects through a weak-probe imaging effect which directly measures the nonlinearity in a time-resolved manner. In these experiments an intense femtosecond laser pulse is propagated in a nonlinear intensity regime while an unfocused low-intensity femtosecond pulse is used as to probe the nonlinear pulse. We use this technique to characterize femtosecond pulses in air and liquid, especially in the regime of optical filamentation. We subsequently calculate parameters such as the plasma density, the transverse extent, and the instantaneous refractive index within the femtosecond laser fillament under conditions which are not accessible through most standard pulse measurement techniqes. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151868
Book Synopsis Tailoring Ultrashort Pulses for Surface Structuring and Characterizing Ultrashort Pulses by : Billy Lam (Optics scientist)
Download or read book Tailoring Ultrashort Pulses for Surface Structuring and Characterizing Ultrashort Pulses written by Billy Lam (Optics scientist) and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This thesis is focused on the methods for tailoring ultrashort pulses for surface structuring and the methods for characterizing ultrashort pulses. In other words, the primary goal is to modulate as well as measure the spatio-temporal electric field E(x, y, t) = |E(x, y, t)|e i[phi](x,y,t) of an ultrashort pulse. Existing vector optical field (VOF) generators are either inefficient or require many optical elements with intensive alignment. I have demonstrated both a non-diffraction-based and a diffraction-based VOF-generator with a theoretical efficiency close to 100% using a spatial light modulator (SLM) to shape the focus of a femtosecond (fs) laser beam arbitrarily for surface structuring. Besides the beam focus, I have also fabricated curved laser-induced periodic surface structure (LIPSS) out-of-focus by controlling the polarization distribution of the beam. Both VOF-generators are compact with only a few optical elements and are easy to align for fs laser beams. These methods present an effective and energy-efficient way to shape the fs laser beam dynamically to create complex surface structures. For beam characterization, I have developed the wedged reversal shearing interferometer (WRSI), consisting of a single beam splitter cube (BSC), to retrieve the spatially resolved electric field E(x, y). The main advantages of the WRSI over existing techniques are its simplicity, stability, robustness, capability, and guaranteed zero-delay for ultrashort pulses. The WRSI can also be used together with a scanning Michelson interferometer, along with an additional temporal measurement using frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG), to measure the spatio-temporal field E(x, y, t). In addition, this thesis explores a new method to temporally characterize (E(t)) an ultrashort pulse with precise information on the carrier-envelope phase (CEP) in a single-shot operation. A feat unachievable by previous methods such as FROG and spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction (SPIDER), since spectrally resolved autocorrelation and spectral shear are insensitive to the CEP. The CEP is an important parameter of a few-cycle pulse because the CEP can vary from pulse to pulse and has a large impact on laser-matter interaction. The ability to measure the spectral phase and CEP of an arbitrary non-repeating ultrashort event is important for the study of ultrafast optical phenomena"--Pages xi-xii.
Book Synopsis The Characterization of Highly Intense, Ultrashort Laser Pulses by : Chester Anthony Murley
Download or read book The Characterization of Highly Intense, Ultrashort Laser Pulses written by Chester Anthony Murley and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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