Optical Fiber Telecommunications Volume VIB

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Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 012397237X
Total Pages : 1148 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (239 download)

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Book Synopsis Optical Fiber Telecommunications Volume VIB by : Ivan Kaminow

Download or read book Optical Fiber Telecommunications Volume VIB written by Ivan Kaminow and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-05-11 with total page 1148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optical Fiber Telecommunications VI (A&B) is the sixth in a series that has chronicled the progress in the R&D of lightwave communications since the early 1970s. Written by active authorities from academia and industry, this edition brings a fresh look to many essential topics, including devices, subsystems, systems and networks. A central theme is the enabling of high-bandwidth communications in a cost-effective manner for the development of customer applications. These volumes are an ideal reference for R&D engineers and managers, optical systems implementers, university researchers and students, network operators, and investors. Volume A is devoted to components and subsystems, including photonic integrated circuits, multicore and few-mode fibers, photonic crystals, silicon photonics, signal processing, and optical interconnections. Volume B is devoted to systems and networks, including advanced modulation formats, coherent detection, Tb/s channels, space-division multiplexing, reconfigurable networks, broadband access, undersea cable, satellite communications, and microwave photonics. All the latest technologies and techniques for developing future components and systems Edited by two winners of the highly prestigious OSA/IEEE John Tyndal award and a President of IEEE's Lasers & Electro-Optics Society (7,000 members) Written by leading experts in the field, it is the most authoritative and comprehensive reference on optical engineering on the market

Optical Fiber Telecommunications VIB

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Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
ISBN 13 : 0128060913
Total Pages : 1148 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Optical Fiber Telecommunications VIB by : Vincent W.S. Chan

Download or read book Optical Fiber Telecommunications VIB written by Vincent W.S. Chan and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-05-11 with total page 1148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Present-day networks are being challenged by dramatic increases in data rate demands of emerging applications. New network architectures for streaming/routing large “elephant” transactions will be needed for cost and power efficiencies. This chapter examines a number of possible optical network transport mechanisms: optical packet switching, burst switching, and flow switching and describes the necessary physical layer, routing, and transport layers architectures for these transport mechanisms. Performance comparisons are made based on capacity utilization, scalability, costs, and power consumption. A global-reach network architecture, incorporating optical flow switching, will provide significant lower cost and power consumption for large transactions. This transport mechanism will necessitate physical, media access control, routing, and transport layers and control plane architecture changes over the current Internet architecture and must co-exist with traditional TCP/IP electronic packet switching transport in the same optical network. Scalability in network management and control and session scheduling is identified as the most important driver in the architecture construct. The physical architecture coupled with a matched media access control protocol can help slow down the control plane and still can operate the network with highly dynamic sessions and at high efficiency which is critical for low cost and low power operations. For intra-data center networks when the network bandwidth is not as challenged as a wide area network some form of burst switching can be advantageous if fast light-weight protocols are needed albeit the network must be used at light occupancy for low collision probabilities.

Optical Fiber Telecommunications VIB

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Author :
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
ISBN 13 : 0128060794
Total Pages : 1148 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Optical Fiber Telecommunications VIB by : Masataka Nakazawa

Download or read book Optical Fiber Telecommunications VIB written by Masataka Nakazawa and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-05-11 with total page 1148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We provide on overview of fundamental technologies and recent challenges on extremely higher-order quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) such as 256–1024 levels, toward the realization of an ultrahigh spectral efficiency approaching the Shannon limit. Key components required for such a higher-order QAM transmission are described in detail, including a coherent light source, an optical phase-locked loop, an IQ modulator, and a digital demodulator. We also present recent demonstrations of single-carrier 1024 QAM, 256 QAM-OFDM, and OTDM-RZ/32 QAM transmissions realized with these fundamental technologies.

Optical Fiber Telecommunications VII

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Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128163127
Total Pages : 1118 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Optical Fiber Telecommunications VII by : Alan Willner

Download or read book Optical Fiber Telecommunications VII written by Alan Willner and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-10-16 with total page 1118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With optical fiber telecommunications firmly entrenched in the global information infrastructure, a key question for the future is how deeply will optical communications penetrate and complement other forms of communication (e.g., wireless access, on-premises networks, interconnects, and satellites). Optical Fiber Telecommunications, the seventh edition of the classic series that has chronicled the progress in the research and development of lightwave communications since 1979, examines present and future opportunities by presenting the latest advances on key topics such as: Fiber and 5G-wireless access networks Inter- and intra-data center communications Free-space and quantum communication links Another key issue is the use of advanced photonics manufacturing and electronic signal processing to lower the cost of services and increase the system performance. To address this, the book covers: Foundry and software capabilities for widespread user access to photonic integrated circuits Nano- and microphotonic components Advanced and nonconventional data modulation formats The traditional emphasis of achieving higher data rates and longer transmission distances are also addressed through chapters on space-division-multiplexing, undersea cable systems, and efficient reconfigurable networking. This book is intended as an ideal reference suitable for university and industry researchers, graduate students, optical systems implementers, network operators, managers, and investors. Quotes: "This book series, which owes much of its distinguished history to the late Drs. Kaminow and Li, describes hot and growing applied topics, which include long-distance and wideband systems, data centers, 5G, wireless networks, foundry production of photonic integrated circuits, quantum communications, and AI/deep-learning. These subjects will be highly beneficial for industrial R&D engineers, university teachers and students, and funding agents in the business sector." Prof. Kenichi Iga President (Retired), Tokyo Institute of Technology "With the passing of two luminaries, Ivan Kaminow and Tingye Li, I feared the loss of one of the premier reference books in the field. Happily, this new version comes to chronicle the current state-of-the-art and is written by the next generation of leaders. This is a must-have reference book for anyone working in or trying to understand the field of optical fiber communications technology." Dr. Donald B. Keck Vice President, Corning, Inc. (Retired) "This book is the seventh edition in the definitive series that was previously marshaled by the extraordinary Ivan Kaminow and Tingye Li, both sadly no longer with us. The series has charted the remarkable progress made in the field, and over a billion kilometers of optical fiber currently snake across the globe carrying ever-increasing Internet traffic. Anyone wondering about how we will cope with this incredible growth must read this book." Prof. Sir David Payne Director, Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton Updated edition presents the latest advances in optical fiber components, systems, subsystems and networks Written by leading authorities from academia and industry Gives a self-contained overview of specific technologies, covering both the state-of-the-art and future research challenges

Optical Fiber Telecommunications VIB

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Author :
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
ISBN 13 : 0128060832
Total Pages : 1148 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Optical Fiber Telecommunications VIB by : Keang-Po Ho

Download or read book Optical Fiber Telecommunications VIB written by Keang-Po Ho and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-05-11 with total page 1148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mode coupling is a key to overcoming challenges in mode-division-multiplexed transmission systems in multimode fiber. This chapter provides an in-depth description of mode coupling, including its physical origins, its effect on modal dispersion (MD) and mode-dependent loss or gain (MDL), and the resulting impact on system performance and implementation complexity. Strong mode coupling reduces the group delay spread from MD, minimizing the complexity of digital signal processing used for compensating MD and separating multiplexed signals. Likewise, strong mode coupling reduces the variations of MDL arising from transmission fibers and inline optical amplifiers, maximizing average channel capacity. When combined with MD, strong mode coupling creates frequency diversity, which reduces the probability of outage caused by MDL and enables the outage capacity to approach the average capacity. The statistics of strongly coupled MD and MDL depend only on the number of modes and the variances of MD or MDL, and can be derived from the eigenvalue distributions of certain random matrices.

Optical Fiber Telecommunications Volume VIA

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Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0123972353
Total Pages : 794 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (239 download)

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Book Synopsis Optical Fiber Telecommunications Volume VIA by : Ivan Kaminow

Download or read book Optical Fiber Telecommunications Volume VIA written by Ivan Kaminow and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-05-03 with total page 794 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optical Fiber Telecommunications VI (A&B) is the sixth in a series that has chronicled the progress in the R&D of lightwave communications since the early 1970s. Written by active authorities from academia and industry, this edition brings a fresh look to many essential topics, including devices, subsystems, systems and networks. A central theme is the enabling of high-bandwidth communications in a cost-effective manner for the development of customer applications. These volumes are an ideal reference for R&D engineers and managers, optical systems implementers, university researchers and students, network operators, and investors. Volume A is devoted to components and subsystems, including photonic integrated circuits, multicore and few-mode fibers, photonic crystals, silicon photonics, signal processing, and optical interconnections. All the latest technologies and techniques for developing future components and systems Edited by two winners of the highly prestigious OSA/IEEE John Tyndal award and a President of IEEE's Lasers & Electro-Optics Society (7,000 members) Written by leading experts in the field, it is the most authoritative and comprehensive reference on optical engineering the market

Optical Fiber Telecommunications VIB

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Author :
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
ISBN 13 : 0128060808
Total Pages : 1148 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Optical Fiber Telecommunications VIB by : Xi Chen

Download or read book Optical Fiber Telecommunications VIB written by Xi Chen and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-05-11 with total page 1148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this chapter, we present an overview of multicarrier transmission and its application to optical communication. Specifically, we first introduce the historical perspectives in the development of optical multicarrier technologies. We then present different variants of optical multicarrier transmission. We also highlight the problem of fiber nonlinearity in optical multicarrier transmission systems and present an analysis of fiber capacity under nonlinear impairments. Furthermore, we discuss applications of multicarrier techniques to long-haul systems, access networks, and free-space optical communication systems. Finally, we summarize with some possible research directions in implementing multicarrier technologies in optical transmission.

Optical Fiber Telecommunications VIB

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Author :
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
ISBN 13 : 0128060883
Total Pages : 1148 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Optical Fiber Telecommunications VIB by : Kristin Rauschenbach

Download or read book Optical Fiber Telecommunications VIB written by Kristin Rauschenbach and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-05-11 with total page 1148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rapidly increasing network demand based on unpredictable services has driven research into methods to provide intelligent provisioning, efficient restoration and recovery from failures, and effective management schemes that reduce the amount of “hands-on” activity to plan and run the network. Integrating the service-oriented IP layer together with the efficient transport capabilities of the optical layer is a cornerstone of this research. Converged IP-optical networks are being demonstrated in large multi-carrier and multi-vendor venues. Research is continuing on making this convergence more efficient, flexible, and scalable. In this chapter, we review the current key technologies that contribute to the convergence of IP and optical networks, describing control and management plane technologies, techniques and standards in some detail. We also illustrate current research challenges, and discuss future directions for research.

Optical Fiber Telecommunications VIB

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Author :
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
ISBN 13 : 0128060867
Total Pages : 1148 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Optical Fiber Telecommunications VIB by : Ori Gerstel

Download or read book Optical Fiber Telecommunications VIB written by Ori Gerstel and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-05-11 with total page 1148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This chapter introduces elastic optical networking, which is a new paradigm for the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) layer, based on a much more flexible use of the spectrum without a rigid wavelength grid, transponders that can be programmed for different modulation formats, tightly packed channels in a so called “superchannel” and impairment-aware control planes that tie the client layer and the optical layer together. We start by reviewing the changes in network usage patterns that require an overhaul of the network architecture. We then survey the enabling technologies, including flexible spectrum reconfigurable add/drop multiplexers (FlexSpectrum ROADMs), bit rate variable transponders (also known as software defined), and control plane capabilities. We provide a vision of the resulting architecture, including how to decide on the connection bit rate and other properties and how to manage the spectrum, and compare it to today’s WDM systems. We finish by surveying progress in standards for this technology.

Optical Fiber Telecommunications VIB

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Author :
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
ISBN 13 : 012806076X
Total Pages : 1148 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Optical Fiber Telecommunications VIB by : Hamid Hemmati

Download or read book Optical Fiber Telecommunications VIB written by Hamid Hemmati and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-05-11 with total page 1148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Satellite-based communication systems of today are increasingly capacity limited. Based on radio frequency or microwave (generically RF) technologies, current state-of-the-art satellite communications (satcom) are often constrained by hardware and spectrum allocation limitations. Consequently, mobile payload sensors and instruments (on satellite or aircraft) are often implemented with restricted capacity to better match that of the host platform. Such limitations are expected to worsen as future interplanetary, deep-space, and manned missions use more sophisticated data-intensive sensors and as the demand for information—and a bigger return on the space-exploration investment—continues to increase.

Optical Fiber Telecommunications VIB

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Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
ISBN 13 : 0128060840
Total Pages : 1148 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Optical Fiber Telecommunications VIB by : Jian Wang

Download or read book Optical Fiber Telecommunications VIB written by Jian Wang and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-05-11 with total page 1148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this chapter, we provide a comprehensive review of multimode communications using OAM. The fundamentals of OAM are introduced first followed by the techniques for OAM generation, multiplexing/demultiplexing, and detection. We then present recent research efforts to free-space communication links and fiber-based transmission links using OAM multiplexing together with optical signal processing using OAM (data exchange, add/drop, multicasting, monitoring, and compensation). Future challenges of OAM communications are discussed at the end.

Optical Fiber Telecommunications VIB

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Author :
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
ISBN 13 : 0128060859
Total Pages : 1148 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Optical Fiber Telecommunications VIB by : Yoshinari Awaji

Download or read book Optical Fiber Telecommunications VIB written by Yoshinari Awaji and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-05-11 with total page 1148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multi-core fiber (MCF) transmission technologies have been widely studied as the simplest form of space-division multiplexing (SDM). Many types of MCFs exist,but the most common is “Uncoupled MCF” where each individual core is assumed to be an independent optical path. The key issue in these systems is how to suppress the inter-core crosstalk and the coupling/de-coupling mechanism. Currently, many MCF varieties, coupling methods, splicing techniques, and transmission schemes have been proposed and demonstrated and despite many of the component technologies still being in the development stage, MCF systems already present the capability for huge transmission capacity. In this chapter, these component technologies and early experimental trials of MCF transmission are reviewed. At first, we provide an overview of medium- to long-haul MCF transmission and theories. Secondly, coupling technologies between MCF-SMF and MCF-MCF are reviewed. Finally, several experimental demonstrations, including transmission exceeding 100Tb/s and over 1000km, are described.

Optical Fiber Telecommunications VIB

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Author :
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
ISBN 13 : 0128060875
Total Pages : 1148 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Optical Fiber Telecommunications VIB by : Sheryl L. Woodward

Download or read book Optical Fiber Telecommunications VIB written by Sheryl L. Woodward and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-05-11 with total page 1148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The deployment of Reconfigurable Optical Add/Drop Multiplexers (ROADMs) is gradually transforming a transport layer made of point-to-point optical links into a highly-interconnected, reconfigurable photonic mesh. To date, the widespread use of ROADMs has been driven by the cost savings and operational simplicity they provide to quasi-static networks (i.e. networks in which new connections are frequently set up, but rarely taken down). However, new applications exploiting the ROADMs’ ability to dynamically reconfigure a photonic mesh network are now being investigated. In this chapter we review the attributes and limitations of today’s ROADMs and other node hardware, and survey proposals for future improvements, including colorless, non-directional, and contentionless add/drop ports. Applications of reconfigurable networks are also discussed, with emphasis on the backbone network of a major communications service provider (carrier). Finally, we assess which of these new developments are most likely to bring added value in the near-term and long-term future.

Optical Fiber Telecommunications VB

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Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080569625
Total Pages : 928 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Optical Fiber Telecommunications VB by : Ivan Kaminow

Download or read book Optical Fiber Telecommunications VB written by Ivan Kaminow and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-07-28 with total page 928 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optical Fiber Telecommunications V (A&B) is the fifth in a series that has chronicled the progress in the research and development of lightwave communications since the early 1970s. Written by active authorities from academia and industry, this edition not only brings a fresh look to many essential topics but also focuses on network management and services. Using high bandwidth in a cost-effective manner for the development of customer applications is a central theme. This book is ideal for R&D engineers and managers, optical systems implementers, university researchers and students, network operators, and the investment community. Volume (A) is devoted to components and subsystems, including: semiconductor lasers, modulators, photodetectors, integrated photonic circuits, photonic crystals, specialty fibers, polarization-mode dispersion, electronic signal processing, MEMS, nonlinear optical signal processing, and quantum information technologies. Volume (B) is devoted to systems and networks, including: advanced modulation formats, coherent systems, time-multiplexed systems, performance monitoring, reconfigurable add-drop multiplexers, Ethernet technologies, broadband access and services, metro networks, long-haul transmission, optical switching, microwave photonics, computer interconnections, and simulation tools. Biographical Sketches Ivan Kaminow retired from Bell Labs in 1996 after a 42-year career. He conducted seminal studies on electrooptic modulators and materials, Raman scattering in ferroelectrics, integrated optics, semiconductor lasers (DBR , ridge-waveguide InGaAsP and multi-frequency), birefringent optical fibers, and WDM networks. Later, he led research on WDM components (EDFAs, AWGs and fiber Fabry-Perot Filters), and on WDM local and wide area networks. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering and a recipient of the IEEE/OSA John Tyndall, OSA Charles Townes and IEEE/LEOS Quantum Electronics Awards. Since 2004, he has been Adjunct Professor of Electrical Engineering at the University of California, Berkeley. Tingye Li retired from AT&T in 1998 after a 41-year career at Bell Labs and AT&T Labs. His seminal work on laser resonator modes is considered a classic. Since the late 1960s, He and his groups have conducted pioneering studies on lightwave technologies and systems. He led the work on amplified WDM transmission systems and championed their deployment for upgrading network capacity. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering and a foreign member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering. He is a recipient of the IEEE David Sarnoff Award, IEEE/OSA John Tyndall Award, OSA Ives Medal/Quinn Endowment, AT&T Science and Technology Medal, and IEEE Photonics Award. Alan Willner has worked at AT&T Bell Labs and Bellcore, and he is Professor of Electrical Engineering at the University of Southern California. He received the NSF Presidential Faculty Fellows Award from the White House, Packard Foundation Fellowship, NSF National Young Investigator Award, Fulbright Foundation Senior Scholar, IEEE LEOS Distinguished Lecturer, and USC University-Wide Award for Excellence in Teaching. He is a Fellow of IEEE and OSA, and he has been President of the IEEE LEOS, Editor-in-Chief of the IEEE/OSA J. of Lightwave Technology, Editor-in-Chief of Optics Letters, Co-Chair of the OSA Science & Engineering Council, and General Co-Chair of the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics.

Optical Fiber Telecommunications VIB

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Author :
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
ISBN 13 : 0128060956
Total Pages : 1148 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Optical Fiber Telecommunications VIB by : Y.C. Chung

Download or read book Optical Fiber Telecommunications VIB written by Y.C. Chung and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-05-11 with total page 1148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wavelength-division-multiplexed passive optical network (WDM PON) has long been considered as an ultimate solution for the future optical access network capable of providing practically unlimited bandwidth to each subscriber. On the other hand, it is still considered to be too expensive for the massive deployment. To solve this problem and meet the ever-increasing demand for bandwidth, there have been numerous efforts to improve the competitiveness of WDM PON. This chapter reviews the current status and future direction of these WDM PON technologies. We first review various colorless light sources, which are critical for the cost-effective implementation of the optical network units (ONUs), and several representative network architectures proposed for WDM PONs. We then review the recent research activities for the realization of high-speed (>10Gb/s) and long-reach WDM PONs. Various fault-monitoring and protection techniques are also reviewed as they can be increasingly important in the future high-capacity WDM PONs.

Optical Fiber Telecommunications VIB

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Author :
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
ISBN 13 : 0128060751
Total Pages : 1148 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Optical Fiber Telecommunications VIB by : S. Chandrasekhar

Download or read book Optical Fiber Telecommunications VIB written by S. Chandrasekhar and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-05-11 with total page 1148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optical superchannel transmission has recently attracted much research and development effort, aiming to increase the capacity and cost-effectiveness of wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) systems. The use of superchannels avoids the electronic bottleneck via optical parallelism, and provides high per-channel data rate and better spectral utilization, especially in transparent mesh optical networks. This chapter reviews recent advances in the generation, detection, and transmission of optical superchannels with channel data rates on the order of Terabits/s. Multiplexing schemes such as optical orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing (O-OFDM) and Nyquist WDM are described, in conjunction with modulation schemes such as OFDM and Nyquist-filtered single-carrier modulation. Superchannel transmission performance is discussed. Finally, networking implications brought by the use of superchannels, such as flexible-grid WDM, are also discussed.

Optical Fiber Telecommunications VIB

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Author :
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
ISBN 13 : 0128060905
Total Pages : 1148 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Optical Fiber Telecommunications VIB by : Loukas Paraschis

Download or read book Optical Fiber Telecommunications VIB written by Loukas Paraschis and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-05-11 with total page 1148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increasingly important role of Internet-based, “cloud” service delivery is motivating the evolution of the Internet to a flatter hierarchy of more densely interconnecting networks that shall cost-effectively scale to Zettabytes of bandwidth with improved operational efficiency, under increased traffic variability, and forecast unpredictability. This chapter reviews the implications of this evolution in its underlying metro regional and core transport network architectures, and evaluates the most important innovations in photonics, optical transport, routing, and traffic engineering technologies enabling it. Most notably, 1) a new generation of coherent DWDM systems with more than 2 b/s/Hz spectral efficiency is scaling the existing fiber infrastructure, albeit at a significantly higher proportion, typically more than 50%, of the total transport network cost, while 2) the convergence of IP/MPLS with flexible DWDM promises the most cost-efficient transport evolution, in open architectures that combine advancements in photonics, routing, multi-layer control-plane and management coordination, with interoperability, to improve operation, automate provisioning and restoration, and may optimize network utilization.