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Operational Art In The Tet Offensive
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Book Synopsis Operational Art in the Tet Offensive by : Joseph W. Swaykos
Download or read book Operational Art in the Tet Offensive written by Joseph W. Swaykos and published by . This book was released on 200? with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Tet Offensive (Vietnam War) provides an excellent example of the successful application of operational art when viewed from the North Vietnamese perspective. Operational leadership was exercised by General Vo Nguyen Giap as he assured that the offensive served as an extension of North Vietnamese strategic objectives and desired end state. Giap developed and executed an operational design that fully accounted for the centers of gravity and critical strengths and weaknesses of his forces and his enemy's. While he suffered tactical defeats, Giap achieved nearly all of his operational objectives and his desired operational end state - delivery of a military shock to his enemy. The offensive ultimately lead to achievement of North Vietnam's strategic objective and desired end state.
Book Synopsis Operational Art in TET Offensive by : Joseph W. Swaykos
Download or read book Operational Art in TET Offensive written by Joseph W. Swaykos and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis How The North Vietnamese Won The War: Operational Art Bends But Does Not Break In Response To Asymmetry by : Major Dale S. Ringler
Download or read book How The North Vietnamese Won The War: Operational Art Bends But Does Not Break In Response To Asymmetry written by Major Dale S. Ringler and published by Pickle Partners Publishing. This book was released on 2015-11-06 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph analyzes the effectiveness of operational campaign design against an asymmetrical threat during the 1968 Tet Offensive. The focus is on conceptual elements of campaign design that are derived from theory, which incorporate the particulars of military history to the general truth of warfare. Effective campaign execution is dependent, in part, on effective campaign design that set of theoretical and doctrinal precepts that define the concerns of the operational planner. The monograph identifies lessons learned from this period that are applicable to current U.S. Joint and Army doctrine as well as lessons for planners and executors of U.S. military action under the American system of civilian control of the military. First, the monograph demonstrated the complex nature of asymmetric warfare. Finding and creating vulnerabilities and attacking those vulnerabilities with inherent strengths is the key to asymmetric warfare. Secondly, the monograph discussed the elements of campaign design that are derived from theory, which incorporate the particulars of military history to the general truth of warfare. Some of the more common conceptual actions are to understand the type and scope of conflict, define the enemy and friendly center of gravity, identify possible culminating points, select lines of operation, determine decisive points, and understanding the dangers of paralysis commonly known as cyber shock. The third section identifies the strategy and identifies particular military objectives identified by the North Vietnamese.
Book Synopsis Operational Art in TET Offensive by : Joseph W. Swaykos
Download or read book Operational Art in TET Offensive written by Joseph W. Swaykos and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis General Creighton Abrams' Conduct of Design in Operational Art During the Vietnam War - Command of Military Assistance Command Vietnam (MACV), Vietnamization, Counterinsurgency, Tet Offensive by : U. S. Military
Download or read book General Creighton Abrams' Conduct of Design in Operational Art During the Vietnam War - Command of Military Assistance Command Vietnam (MACV), Vietnamization, Counterinsurgency, Tet Offensive written by U. S. Military and published by . This book was released on 2017-12-03 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: General Abrams presents a sound historical example of the practical application of operational art as viewed through the lens of the Army Design Methodology. When General Abrams' assumed command of Military Assistance Command Vietnam (MACV), he was able to frame his environment enabling him to enact measures to solve the correct problem which was, how to equip and train the ARVN while simultaneously focusing on population centric efforts in counterinsurgency-ultimately eliminating the need for U.S. presence in Vietnam. Under his authority, American forces were broken up into small units that would live with and train the South Vietnamese civilians to defend their villages from guerrilla or conventional Northern incursions. Not only did he successfully frame the problem in 1968 but he was able to re-frame in 1970 in accordance with the Nixon administration's abrupt announcement of a rapid withdrawal of forces from Vietnam. These efforts proved successful as evidenced by the ability of ARVN forces to repel a full-scale NVA Easter Offensive in 1972. This study validates the Army Design Methodology as a framework for the assessment operational art. Section I - Background * Section II - Abrams Takes Over: MACV from 1968 to 1970 * Section III - Vietnamization: A Reframing Moment * Section IV - MACV from 1970 to 1972: Proof of Principle The Vietnam War represents a prime example of how tactical actions, when not properly linked to strategic and political objectives, can have little to no effect on the success of any military endeavor. The undertakings of the civilian and military leadership in the early years of the war demonstrated the negative effects of non-existent operational art as evidenced by the state of affairs following the Tet Offensive in 1968. Operational art requires leaders that demonstrate a sound awareness and understanding of their environment as well as the ability to synchronize tactical assets and activities, in time and space, to achieve a strategic endstate. General Creighton Abrams and his performance as the commander of Military Assistance Command Vietnam (MACV) from 1968 until his ascendance to Chief of Staff of the Army in 1972 was an example of successful execution of operational art. An important aspect of operational art is the application of critical and creative thinking to understand, visualize, and describe complex, ill-structured problems and develop approaches to solve them. This application is referred to, in the current Army lexicon, as the Army Design Methodology. While there is debate as to what a complex and ill-structured problem is, very few could argue against General Abrams' predicament when he assumed command of MACV in 1968 as such. He inherited an awkward chain of command, lack of unified operational control over South Vietnamese and other allied forces, severe geographical and procedural restrictions on the conduct of war and greatly diminished domestic support. Included in this complexity was the overarching problem of how to conduct operations to set strategic conditions for the deterrence of communist North Vietnamese influence in South Vietnam3 General Abrams' situation in 1968 definitely required the aforementioned aspect of operational art as defined in the Army Design Methodology.
Book Synopsis The Evolution of Operational Art by : John Andreas Olsen
Download or read book The Evolution of Operational Art written by John Andreas Olsen and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Broadly defined as the grey area between strategy and tactics, operational art spans the theory and practice of planning and conducting campaigns and major operations aimed at accomplishing strategic and operational objectives in a given theatre of operations. An intermediate link between strategy and tactics has always existed, but a distinct concept that encompasses a systematic and deliberate plan of campaign for major operations is a mere two hundred years old. Based on country specific case-studies, this book describes how the concepts that underpin operational art originated, how they received practical expression in various campaigns, and how they developed over time. The point of departure is the campaigns of 'the God of War', Napoleon Bonaparte. The book then proceeds with chapters on the evolution of operational art in Prussia / Germany, the Soviet Union / Russia, the United Kingdom, United States, Israel, and China. The final chapter deals with the future of operational art in irregular warfare. Theory is critical to refining and improving existing methods of applying operational warfare, and its importance cannot be overstated; however, to be useful, theory and its accompanying vocabulary must be combined with a proper examination of historical trends and practical experience. The present volume attempts to achieve that combination. This book is a project of the Oxford Leverhulme Programme on the Changing Character of War.
Book Synopsis Corps Level Operational Art in Vietnam by : United States Army Command and General S
Download or read book Corps Level Operational Art in Vietnam written by United States Army Command and General S and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-11-12 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores two major U.S. operations and the reaction to one enemy offensive, in order to explore evidence of U.S. operational art in Vietnam. For the purpose of this study, the operational level is identified as the corps headquarters responsible for nesting Military Assistance Command-Vietnam's ( MACV) military guidance, the strategic direction issued by the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the national government's aims with the tactical maneuver of subordinate divisions and battalions. During the Vietnam War, the Field Force served as the equivalent of the corps headquarters. The three case studies analyzed are all drawn from II Field Force during the period 1967 to 1971. These case studies are OPERATION CEDAR FALLS/ JUNCTION CITY (1967), the 1970 U.S. incursion into Cambodia under OPERATION TOAN THANG, and II Field Force's reaction to the Tet offensive (1968). Through the analysis of the case studies, the question of operational art existing at the corps level during the Vietnam War is addressed, as is the identification of successful or unsuccessful leadership and staff practices faced in an asymmetric conflict.
Book Synopsis The Basic Principles of Operational Art and Tactics by : Vasiliĭ Efimovich Savkin
Download or read book The Basic Principles of Operational Art and Tactics written by Vasiliĭ Efimovich Savkin and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Carrying the War to the Enemy by : Michael R. Matheny
Download or read book Carrying the War to the Enemy written by Michael R. Matheny and published by University of Oklahoma Press. This book was released on 2012-10-09 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Military commanders turn tactics into strategic victory by means of "operational art," the knowledge and creative imagination commanders and staff employ in designing, synchronizing, and conducting battles and major operations to achieve strategic goals. Until now, historians of military theory have generally agreed that modern operational art developed between the first and second world wars, not in the United States but in Germany and the Soviet Union, whose armies were supposedly the innovators and greatest practitioners of operational art. Some have even claimed that U.S. forces struggled in World War II because their commanders had no systematic understanding of operational art. Michael R. Matheny believes previous studies have not appreciated the evolution of U.S. military thinking at the operational level. Although they may rightly point to the U.S. Army's failure to modernize or develop a sophisticated combined arms doctrine during the interwar years, they focus too much on technology or tactical doctrine. In his revealing account, Matheny shows that it was at the operational level, particularly in mounting joint and combined operations, that senior American commanders excelled—and laid a foundation for their country's victory in World War II. Matheny draws on archival materials from military educational institutions, planning documents, and operational records of World War II campaigns. Examining in detail the development of American operational art as land, sea, and air power matured in the twentieth century, he shows that, contrary to conventional wisdom, U.S. war colleges educated and trained commanders during the interwar years specifically for the operational art they employed in World War II. After 1945, in the face of nuclear warfare, the American military largely abandoned operational art. But since the Vietnam War, U.S. commanders have found operational art increasingly important as they pursue modern global and expeditionary warfare requiring coordination among multiple service branches and the forces of allied countries.
Book Synopsis Obscuring Victory and Defeat by : G. Paul Kish
Download or read book Obscuring Victory and Defeat written by G. Paul Kish and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis How the North Vietnamese Won the War by : Dale S. Ringler
Download or read book How the North Vietnamese Won the War written by Dale S. Ringler and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Center of Center of Military History United States Army Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781507855577 Total Pages :0 pages Book Rating :4.8/5 (555 download)
Book Synopsis On Operational Art by : Center of Center of Military History United States Army
Download or read book On Operational Art written by Center of Center of Military History United States Army and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2015-02-06 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On Operational Art, a companion volume to Michael D. Krause's and R. Cody Phillips's Historical Perspectives of the Operational Art, captures the doctrinal debate over the concept of operational art. Edited by Clayton R. Newell and Michael D. Krause, the well-organized anthology presents a snapshot of the development of operational art when the Army's attention was focused on Europe and the Soviet Union. Consisting of original essays by distinguished historians and senior military commanders, to include a prominent German officer, the collection has not only a joint and combined flavor but also a tactical and strategic dimension. Reflecting contemporary thoughts on new developments in U.S. military doctrine and covering significant battles and campaigns from the past, On Operational Art is invaluable as a frame of reference for understanding the operational level of war from the insightful commentary on the various aspects of practical application. Those interested in the theory of war will find it useful for studying the evolution of doctrine from theory into practice.
Book Synopsis Operational Design by : Jeffrey M. Reilly
Download or read book Operational Design written by Jeffrey M. Reilly and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Evolution of US Army Tactical Doctrine, 1946-76 by : Robert A. Doughty
Download or read book The Evolution of US Army Tactical Doctrine, 1946-76 written by Robert A. Doughty and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper focuses on the formulation of doctrine since World War II. In no comparable period in history have the dimensions of the battlefield been so altered by rapid technological changes. The need for the tactical doctrines of the Army to remain correspondingly abreast of these changes is thus more pressing than ever before. Future conflicts are not likely to develop in the leisurely fashions of the past where tactical doctrines could be refined on the battlefield itself. It is, therefore, imperative that we apprehend future problems with as much accuracy as possible. One means of doing so is to pay particular attention to the business of how the Army's doctrine has developed historically, with a view to improving methods of future development.
Book Synopsis The Tet Offensive by : James H. Willbanks
Download or read book The Tet Offensive written by James H. Willbanks and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2008-12-09 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the Tet Offensive of 1968, Viet Cong and North Vietnamese forces launched a massive countrywide attack on South Vietnam. Though the Communists failed to achieve their tactical and operational objectives, James Willbanks claims Hanoi won a strategic victory. The offensive proved that America's progress was grossly overstated and caused many Americans and key presidential advisors to question the wisdom of prolonging combat. Willbanks also maintains that the Communists laid siege to a Marine combat base two weeks prior to the Tet Offensive-known as the Battle of Khe Sanh—to distract the United States. It is his belief that these two events are intimately linked, and in his concise and compelling history, he presents an engaging portrait of the conflicts and singles out key problems of interpretation. Willbanks divides his study into six sections, beginning with a historical overview of the events leading up to the offensive, the attack itself, and the consequent battles of Saigon, Hue, and Khe Sahn. He continues with a critical assessment of the main themes and issues surrounding the offensive, and concludes with excerpts from American and Vietnamese documents, maps and chronologies, an annotated list of resources, and a short encyclopedia of key people, places, and events. An experienced military historian and scholar of the Vietnam War, Willbanks has written a unique critical reference and guide that enlarges the debate surrounding this important turning point in America's longest war.
Book Synopsis The War in South Vietnam by : John Schlight
Download or read book The War in South Vietnam written by John Schlight and published by Department of the Air Force. This book was released on 1988 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: United States Air Force in Southeast Asia. Documents the Air Force's support of the ground war in South Vietnam from 1965 to early 1968. Includes sections on the air campaign conducted during the Communists' siege of the Marine camp of Khe Sanh. Also contains several appendices, a glossary, and bibliographical notes.
Book Synopsis U.S. Marines in Vietnam by : Jack Shulimson
Download or read book U.S. Marines in Vietnam written by Jack Shulimson and published by U.S. Government Printing Office. This book was released on 1997 with total page 828 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book was donated as a part of the David H. Hugel Collection, an archival collection of the Special Collections & Archives, University of Baltimore.
