Ontology Revisited

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Ontology Revisited

Author : Ruth Groff
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0415574110
Total Pages : 154 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (155 download)

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Book Synopsis Ontology Revisited by : Ruth Groff

Download or read book Ontology Revisited written by Ruth Groff and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Groff's argument runs counter to the familiar anti-metaphysical habit. Social and political philosophy, she maintains, is not as metaphysically neutral as it may seem. Even the most deontological of theories connects up with an attendant set of philosophical commitments regarding what kinds of things exist, as a fundamental ontological matter, and what they are like. These are topics of interest not just to social and political philosophers, but to social scientists and to philosophers of social science as well. "Ruth Groff has broken new ground in demonstrating the connection between social and political thought and the ontology of causal powers. Her account of the structure of Humean thinking about agency is excellent. Especially significant is the role that she assigns to Kantianism in the analysis that she develops. She moves effortlessly between contemporary metaphysics, political theory, critical social theory, and the history of modern philosophy, offering trenchant insights along the way into the work of thinkers ranging from Hume himself to Mill, Adorno, and Martha Nussbaum, and into debates over agent causation and emergence. There is even a discussion, in the final chapter, of Spinoza. This is big-picture philosophy at its best: rigorous and exacting at the level of detail; original, compelling and systematic in the whole." - Stephen Mumford, Professor of Metaphysics and Dean of the Faculty of Arts, University of Nottingham

Ontological Commitment Revisited

Author : Jesús Padilla Gálvez
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 311075004X
Total Pages : 164 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Ontological Commitment Revisited by : Jesús Padilla Gálvez

Download or read book Ontological Commitment Revisited written by Jesús Padilla Gálvez and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2021-08-23 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ontological commitment implies that each theory is supposed to specify the type of entities that form its components. Representatives of a theory share an ontological commitment in relation to the objects they refer to. There are theories that admit the existence of universals while others do not. As there are different ways of speaking about universals it is necessary to decide what a universal term corresponds to. It is essential to have a criterion that enables us to decide which kinds of objects are allowed as references for the terms used. In this volume two different approaches are discussed: first, in cases where only extensional languages are accepted; second, when intensional elements are required to determine the meaning such terms as "Sachverhalt", intentional statements or representations. The ontological commitment associated with extensional theories exclusively admits the existence of physical objects, whereas intensional theses additionally include universal and abstract entities. The study of ontological commitment enables us to measure the ontological economy of theories. This serves as a basis for the choice of theory. The authors of this volume discuss relevant issues of both models and provide new solutions.

The Four-Category Ontology

Author : E. J. Lowe
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199254397
Total Pages : 237 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (992 download)

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Book Synopsis The Four-Category Ontology by : E. J. Lowe

Download or read book The Four-Category Ontology written by E. J. Lowe and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: E. J. Lowe sets out and defends his theory of what there is. His four-category ontology is a metaphysical system that recognizes two fundamental categorial distinctions which cut across each other to generate four fundamental ontological categories. The distinctions are between the particular and the universal and between the substantial and the non-substantial. The four categories thus generated are substantial particulars, non-substantial particulars, substantial universals andnon-substantial universals. Non-substantial universals include properties and relations, conceived as universals. Non-substantial particulars include property-instances and relation-instances, otherwise known as non-relational and relational tropes or modes. Substantial particulars include propertiedindividuals, the paradigm examples of which are persisting, concrete objects. Substantial universals are otherwise known as substantial kinds and include as paradigm examples natural kinds of persisting objects.This ontology has a lengthy pedigree, many commentators attributing it to Aristotle on the basis of certain passages in his apparently early work, the Categories. At various times during the history of Western philosophy, it has been revived or rediscovered, but it has never found universal favour, perhaps on account of its apparent lack of parsimony as well as its commitment to universals. In pursuit of ontological economy, metaphysicians have generally preferred to recognize fewerthan four fundamental ontological categories. However, Occam's razor stipulates only that we should not multiply entities beyond necessity; Lowe argues that the four-category ontology has an explanatory power unrivalled by more parsimonious systems, and that this counts decisively in its favour. He shows thatit provides a powerful explanatory framework for a unified account of causation, dispositions, natural laws, natural necessity and many other related matters, such as the semantics of counterfactual conditionals and the character of the truthmaking relation. As such, it constitutes a thoroughgoing metaphysical foundation for natural science.

Aquinas's Ontology of the Material World

Author : Jeffrey E. Brower
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0198714297
Total Pages : 350 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis Aquinas's Ontology of the Material World by : Jeffrey E. Brower

Download or read book Aquinas's Ontology of the Material World written by Jeffrey E. Brower and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2014 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pesents and explains the hylomorphic conception of the material world developed by Thomas Aquinas, proposing that the key to understanding Aquinas's conception lies in his distinctive account of intrinsic change.

The Social Ontology of Capitalism

Author : Daniel Krier
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1137599529
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (375 download)

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Book Synopsis The Social Ontology of Capitalism by : Daniel Krier

Download or read book The Social Ontology of Capitalism written by Daniel Krier and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-25 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses core questions about the nature and structure of contemporary capitalism and the social dynamics and countervailing forces that shape modern life. From a robust and self-consciously sociological framework, it analyzes and interrogates such issues as the nature of the social, the power of the sacred, the nature of authority, the problem of representation, reification, alienation, utopia, and collective resistance. Historical materialism reveals that the scope of productive functions is broader than the crude realism of economism. Marx’s critical theory of the commodity and his analysis of the capitalist regime of accumulation remain as vital as ever and serve as a guiding light for the continued exploration of the philosophical underpinnings of critical inquiry and praxis.

Social Ontology, Sociocultures, and Inequality in the Global South

Author : Benjamin Baumann
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000064387
Total Pages : 213 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Social Ontology, Sociocultures, and Inequality in the Global South by : Benjamin Baumann

Download or read book Social Ontology, Sociocultures, and Inequality in the Global South written by Benjamin Baumann and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-05-07 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Challenging the assumption that the capitalist transformation includes a radical break with the past, this edited volume traces how historically older forms of social inequality are transformed but persist in the present to shape the social structure of contemporary societies in the global South. Each social collective comprises an interpretation of itself – including the meaning of life, the concept of a human person, and the notion of a collective. This volume studies the interpretation that various social collectives have of themselves. This interpretation is referred to as social ontology. All chapters of the edited volume focus on the relation between social ontology and structures of inequality. They argue that each society comprises several historical layers of social ontology that correspond to layers of inequality, which are referred to as sociocultures. Thereby, the volume explains why and how structures of inequality differ between contemporary collectives in the global South, even though all of them seem to have similar structures, institutions, and economies. The volume is aimed at academics, students and the interested public looking for a novel theorization of social inequality pertaining to social collectives in the global South.

The Loom of God

Author : Clifford A. Pickover
Publisher : Union Square + ORM
ISBN 13 : 1402774419
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (27 download)

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Book Synopsis The Loom of God by : Clifford A. Pickover

Download or read book The Loom of God written by Clifford A. Pickover and published by Union Square + ORM. This book was released on 2010-08-17 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “A marvelously entertaining, historical romp through the unexpected connections between mathematics and mysticism” (Paul Hoffman, Discover). From the mysterious cult of Pythagoras to the awesome mechanics of Stonehenge to digitally generated “gargoyles” and fractals, mathematics has always been a powerful, even divine force in the world. In a lively, intelligent synthesis of math, mysticism, and science fiction, Clifford Pickover explains the eternal magic of numbers. Taking a uniquely humorous approach, he appoints readers “Chief Historian” of an intergalactic museum and sends them, along with a quirky cast of characters, hurtling through the ages to explore how individuals used numbers for such purposes as predicting the end of the world, finding love, and winning wars.

Ontology-Based Applications for Enterprise Systems and Knowledge Management

Author : Nazir Ahmad, Mohammad
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1466619945
Total Pages : 429 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (666 download)

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Book Synopsis Ontology-Based Applications for Enterprise Systems and Knowledge Management by : Nazir Ahmad, Mohammad

Download or read book Ontology-Based Applications for Enterprise Systems and Knowledge Management written by Nazir Ahmad, Mohammad and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2012-08-31 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book provides an opportunity for readers to clearly understand the notion of ontology engineering and the practical aspects of this approach in the domains of two interest areas: Knowledge Management Systems and Enterprise Systems"--

Databases and Information Systems V

Author : Hele-Mai Haav
Publisher : IOS Press
ISBN 13 : 1586039393
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (86 download)

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Book Synopsis Databases and Information Systems V by : Hele-Mai Haav

Download or read book Databases and Information Systems V written by Hele-Mai Haav and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2009 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Eighth International Baltic Conference on Databases and Information Systems took place on June 2–5 2008 in Tallinn, Estonia. This conference is continuing a series of successful bi-annual Baltic conferences on databases and information systems (IS). The aim is to provide a wide international forum for academics and practitioners in the field of databases and modern information systems for exchanging their achievements in this area. The original research results presented in Databases and Information Systems V mostly belong to novel fields of IS and database research such as database technology and the semantic web, ontology-based IS, IS and AI technologies and IS integration. The contribution of Dr. Jari PalomÄki showed how different ontological commitments affect the way we are modeling the world when creating an information system. As semantic technologies have been gaining more attention recently, a special session on semantic interoperability of IS was organized. The invited talks from each Baltic State gave a good insight how semantic interoperability initiatives are developing in each of the Baltic States and how they relate to the European semantic interoperability framework.

Naturalizing Critical Realist Social Ontology

Author : Tuukka Kaidesoja
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135014167
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Naturalizing Critical Realist Social Ontology by : Tuukka Kaidesoja

Download or read book Naturalizing Critical Realist Social Ontology written by Tuukka Kaidesoja and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-07-18 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This important book provides detailed critiques of the method of transcendental argumentation and the transcendental realist account of the concept of causal power that are among the core tenets of the bhaskarian version of critical realism. Kaidesoja also assesses the notions of human agency, social structure and emergence that have been advanced by prominent critical realists, including Roy Bhaskar, Margaret Archer and Tony Lawson. The main line of argument in this context indicates that the uses of these concepts in critical realism involve ambiguities and problematic anti-naturalist presuppositions. As a whole, these arguments are intended to show that to avoid these ambiguities and problems, critical realist social ontology should be naturalized. This not only means that transcendental arguments for ontological doctrines are firmly rejected and the notion of causal power interpreted in a non-transcendental realist way. Naturalization of the critical realist social ontology also entails that many of the core concepts of this ontology should be modified so that attention is paid to the ontological presuppositions of various non-positivist explanatory methods and research practices in the current social sciences as well as to new approaches in recent cognitive and neurosciences. In addition of providing a detailed critique of the original critical realism, the book develops a naturalized version of the critical realist social ontology that is relevant to current explanatory practices in the social sciences. In building this ontology, Kaidesoja selectively draws on Mario Bunge’s systemic and emergentist social ontology, William Wimsatt’s gradual notion of ontological emergence and some recent approaches in cognitive science (i.e. embodied, situated and distributed cognition). This naturalized social ontology rejects transcendental arguments in favor of naturalized arguments and restricts the uses of the notion of causal power to concrete systems, including social systems of various kinds. It is also compatible with a naturalized version of scientific realism as well as many successful explanatory practices in the current social sciences. By employing the conceptual resources of this ontology, Kaidesoja explicates many of the basic concepts of social ontology and social theory, including social system, social mechanism, social structure, social class and social status.

Trading Ontology for Ideology

Author : L. Decock
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401735751
Total Pages : 282 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Trading Ontology for Ideology by : L. Decock

Download or read book Trading Ontology for Ideology written by L. Decock and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Willard VanOrman Quine has probably been the most influential th American philosopher of the 20 century. His work spans over seven decades, and covers many domains in philosophy. He has made major contributions to the fields of logic and set theory, philosophy of logic and mathematics, philosophy of language, philosophy of science, epistemology and metaphysics. Quine's first work in philosophy was in the field of logic. His major contributions are the two set-theoretic systems NF (1936) and ML (1940). 1 These systems were alternatives to the type theory of Principia Mathematica or Zermelo's set theory, and are still being studied by 2 mathematicians. An indirect contribution to the field of logic is his strong resistance to moda110gic. Quine's objectIons to the notions of necessity and analyticity have influenced the development of moda110gic? Quine has had an enormous influence on philosophy of mathematics. When Quine entered philosophy there was a discussion on the foundations of mathematics between the schools of intuitionism, formalism, and conventionalism. Quine soon took issue with Carnap's conventionalism in "Truth by convention,,4 (1936). Quine has never joined one of the other schools, but has added new elements that are the basic ones of the 5 contemporary schools of nominalism, platonism, and structuralism. Quine has long been in the shadow of Benacerraf and Putnam in this field. At the moment there seems to be a renewed interest in Quine's work, and most philosophers explicitly refer to Quine's work.

Representation in Scientific Practice Revisited

Author : Catelijne Coopmans
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262319160
Total Pages : 381 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (623 download)

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Book Synopsis Representation in Scientific Practice Revisited by : Catelijne Coopmans

Download or read book Representation in Scientific Practice Revisited written by Catelijne Coopmans and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2014-01-03 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A fresh approach to visualization practices in the sciences that considers novel forms of imaging technology and draws on recent theoretical perspectives on representation. Representation in Scientific Practice, published by the MIT Press in 1990, helped coalesce a long-standing interest in scientific visualization among historians, philosophers, and sociologists of science and remains a touchstone for current investigations in science and technology studies. This volume revisits the topic, taking into account both the changing conceptual landscape of STS and the emergence of new imaging technologies in scientific practice. It offers cutting-edge research on a broad array of fields that study information as well as short reflections on the evolution of the field by leading scholars, including some of the contributors to the 1990 volume. The essays consider the ways in which viewing experiences are crafted in the digital era; the embodied nature of work with digital technologies; the constitutive role of materials and technologies—from chalkboards to brain scans—in the production of new scientific knowledge; the metaphors and images mobilized by communities of practice; and the status and significance of scientific imagery in professional and popular culture. Contributors Morana Alač, Michael Barany, Anne Beaulieu, Annamaria Carusi, Catelijne Coopmans, Lorraine Daston, Sarah de Rijcke, Joseph Dumit, Emma Frow, Yann Giraud, Aud Sissel Hoel, Martin Kemp, Bruno Latour, John Law, Michael Lynch, Donald MacKenzie, Cyrus Mody, Natasha Myers, Rachel Prentice, Arie Rip, Martin Ruivenkamp, Lucy Suchman, Janet Vertesi, Steve Woolgar

The Semantic Web: Research and Applications

Author : York Sure
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540345442
Total Pages : 743 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (43 download)

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Book Synopsis The Semantic Web: Research and Applications by : York Sure

Download or read book The Semantic Web: Research and Applications written by York Sure and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-05-30 with total page 743 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Invited talks -- Ontology alignment -- Ontology engineering -- Ontology evaluation -- Ontology evolution -- Ontology learning -- Rules and reasoning -- Searching and querying -- Semantic annotation -- Semantic web mining and personalization -- Semantic web services -- Semantic wiki and blogging -- Trust and policies.

Intelligent Technologies for Web Applications

Author : Priti Srinivas Sajja
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1439871647
Total Pages : 358 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (398 download)

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Book Synopsis Intelligent Technologies for Web Applications by : Priti Srinivas Sajja

Download or read book Intelligent Technologies for Web Applications written by Priti Srinivas Sajja and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Internet has become an integral part of human life, yet the web still utilizes mundane interfaces to the physical world, which makes Internet operations somewhat mechanical, tedious, and less human-oriented. Filling a large void in the literature, Intelligent Technologies for Web Applications is one of the first books to focus on providing vita

An Ontology of Multiple Artworks

Author : David Davies
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192665235
Total Pages : 234 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (926 download)

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Book Synopsis An Ontology of Multiple Artworks by : David Davies

Download or read book An Ontology of Multiple Artworks written by David Davies and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2024-02-21 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multiple artworks are works that can have multiple 'instances' which can play a particular kind of role in the appreciation of those works: for example, there can be multiple copies of a novel, or multiple performances of a musical work. An Ontology of Multiple Artworks is the first book-length critical analytic treatment of the metaphysical issues relating to 'multiple' artworks for over three decades. David Davies takes various considerations to which authors have appealed in arguing for ontological understandings of works in particular multiple art-forms as putative explananda, arguing that an adequate ontology of multiple artworks should be reflectively accountable to these. After clarifying what 'multiplicity' in the arts amounts to, Davies critically assesses the 'Platonist' idea that multiple artworks must be abstract or generic entities of some sort ('types') that exist independently of our creative and appreciative practices. The evolution of this idea is traced, and its ability to deal with the different explananda in play in the literature is gauged. The methodological constraints that should govern this kind of inquiry are also assessed. On the basis of these investigations, it is concluded that Platonism about multiple artworks is seriously compromised. Different non-Platonist options are then considered, and it is argued that the account that best explains the weighted explananda is the 'Wollheimian type' theory, according to which multiple artworks are performances essentially embedded in artistic practices. Finally, sceptical challenges to the very idea that there are such things as multiple artworks are considered.

Formal Ontology in Information Systems

Author : Brandon Bennett
Publisher : IOS Press
ISBN 13 : 9781586036850
Total Pages : 394 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (368 download)

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Book Synopsis Formal Ontology in Information Systems by : Brandon Bennett

Download or read book Formal Ontology in Information Systems written by Brandon Bennett and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Researchers in areas such as artificial intelligence, formal and computational linguistics, biomedical informatics, conceptual modeling, knowledge engineering and information retrieval have come to realize that a solid foundation for their research calls for serious work in ontology, understood as a general theory of the types of entities and relations that make up their respective domains of inquiry. In all these areas, attention is now being focused on the content of information rather than on just the formats and languages used to represent information. The clearest example of this development is provided by the many initiatives growing up around the project of the Semantic Web. And, as the need for integrating research in these different fields arises, so does the realization that strong principles for building well-founded ontologies might provide significant advantages over ad hoc, case-based solutions. The tools of formal ontology address precisely these needs, but a real effort is required in order to apply such philosophical tools to the domain of information systems. ontological questions which call for further philosophical investigations. The purpose of FOIS is to provide a forum for genuine interdisciplinary exchange in the spirit of a unified effort towards solving the problems of ontology, with an eye to both theoretical issues and concrete applications. This book contains a wide range of areas, all of which are important to the development of formal ontologies.

Hegel and the Metaphysical Frontiers of Political Theory

Author : Eric Lee Goodfield
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317665236
Total Pages : 266 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (176 download)

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Book Synopsis Hegel and the Metaphysical Frontiers of Political Theory by : Eric Lee Goodfield

Download or read book Hegel and the Metaphysical Frontiers of Political Theory written by Eric Lee Goodfield and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-06-27 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For over one hundred and fifty years G.W.F. Hegel’s ghost has haunted theoretical understanding and practice. His opponents first, and later his defenders, have equally defined their programs against and with his. In this way Hegel’s political thought has both situated and displaced modern political theorizing. This book takes the reception of Hegel’s political thought as a lens through which contemporary methodological and ideological prerogatives are exposed. It traces the nineteenth century origins of the positivist revolt against Hegel’s legacy forward to political science’s turn away from philosophical tradition in the twentieth century. The book critically reviews the subsequent revisionist trend that has eliminated his metaphysics from contemporary considerations of his political thought. It then moves to re-evaluate their relation and defend their inseparability in his major work on politics: the Philosophy of Right. Against this background, the book concludes with an argument for the inherent metaphysical dimension of political theorizing itself. Goodfield takes Hegel’s reception, representation, as well as rejection in Anglo-American scholarship as a mirror in which its metaphysical presuppositions of the political are exceptionally well reflected. It is through such reflection, he argues, that we may begin to come to terms with them. This book will be of great interest to students, scholars, and readers of political theory and philosophy, Hegel, metaphysics and the philosophy of the social sciences.