One Hundred Years At The Intersection Of Chemistry And Physics

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One Hundred Years at the Intersection of Chemistry and Physics

Author : Jeremiah James
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
ISBN 13 : 311023954X
Total Pages : 325 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (12 download)

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Book Synopsis One Hundred Years at the Intersection of Chemistry and Physics by : Jeremiah James

Download or read book One Hundred Years at the Intersection of Chemistry and Physics written by Jeremiah James and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2011-10-27 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume, occasioned by the centenary of the Fritz Haber Institute, formerly the Institute for Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, covers the institute's scientific and institutional history from its founding until the present. The institute was among the earliest established by the Kaiser Wilhelm Society, and its inauguration was one of the first steps in the development of Berlin-Dahlem into a center for scientific research. Its establishment was made possible by an endowment from Leopold Koppel, granted on the condition that Fritz Haber, well-known for his discovery of a method to synthesize ammonia from its elements, be made its director. The history of the institute has largely paralleled that of 20th-century Germany. It undertook controversial weapons research during World War I, followed by a "Golden Era" during the 1920s, in spite of financial hardships. Under the National Socialists it experienced a purge of its scientific staff and a diversion of its research into the service of the new regime, accompanied by a breakdown in its international relations. In the immediate aftermath of World War II it suffered crippling material losses, from which it recovered slowly in the post-war era. In 1953, shortly after taking the name of its founding director, the institute joined the fledgling Max Planck Society. During the 1950s and 60s, the institute supported diverse researches into the structure of matter and electron microscopy in a territorially insular and politically precarious West-Berlin. In subsequent decades, as both Berlin and the Max Planck Society underwent significant changes, the institute reorganized around a board of coequal scientific directors and a renewed focus on the investigation of elementary processes on surfaces and interfaces, topics of research that had been central to the work of Fritz Haber and the first "Golden Era" of the institute.

One Hundred Years of Chemical Warfare: Research, Deployment, Consequences

Author : Bretislav Friedrich
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319516647
Total Pages : 404 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (195 download)

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Book Synopsis One Hundred Years of Chemical Warfare: Research, Deployment, Consequences by : Bretislav Friedrich

Download or read book One Hundred Years of Chemical Warfare: Research, Deployment, Consequences written by Bretislav Friedrich and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-26 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is open access under a CC BY-NC 2.5 license. On April 22, 1915, the German military released 150 tons of chlorine gas at Ypres, Belgium. Carried by a long-awaited wind, the chlorine cloud passed within a few minutes through the British and French trenches, leaving behind at least 1,000 dead and 4,000 injured. This chemical attack, which amounted to the first use of a weapon of mass destruction, marks a turning point in world history. The preparation as well as the execution of the gas attack was orchestrated by Fritz Haber, the director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry in Berlin-Dahlem. During World War I, Haber transformed his research institute into a center for the development of chemical weapons (and of the means of protection against them). Bretislav Friedrich and Martin Wolf (Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, the successor institution of Haber’s institute) together with Dieter Hoffmann, Jürgen Renn, and Florian Schmaltz (Max Planck Institute for the History of Science) organized an international symposium to commemorate the centenary of the infamous chemical attack. The symposium examined crucial facets of chemical warfare from the first research on and deployment of chemical weapons in WWI to the development and use of chemical warfare during the century hence. The focus was on scientific, ethical, legal, and political issues of chemical weapons research and deployment — including the issue of dual use — as well as the ongoing effort to control the possession of chemical weapons and to ultimately achieve their elimination. The volume consists of papers presented at the symposium and supplemented by additional articles that together cover key aspects of chemical warfare from 22 April 1915 until the summer of 2015.

Molecular Beams in Physics and Chemistry

Author : Bretislav Friedrich
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030639630
Total Pages : 639 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (36 download)

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Book Synopsis Molecular Beams in Physics and Chemistry by : Bretislav Friedrich

Download or read book Molecular Beams in Physics and Chemistry written by Bretislav Friedrich and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-06-19 with total page 639 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Open Access book gives a comprehensive account of both the history and current achievements of molecular beam research. In 1919, Otto Stern launched the revolutionary molecular beam technique. This technique made it possible to send atoms and molecules with well-defined momentum through vacuum and to measure with high accuracy the deflections they underwent when acted upon by transversal forces. These measurements revealed unforeseen quantum properties of nuclei, atoms, and molecules that became the basis for our current understanding of quantum matter. This volume shows that many key areas of modern physics and chemistry owe their beginnings to the seminal molecular beam work of Otto Stern and his school. Written by internationally recognized experts, the contributions in this volume will help experienced researchers and incoming graduate students alike to keep abreast of current developments in molecular beam research as well as to appreciate the history and evolution of this powerful method and the knowledge it reveals.

The Scientific World of Karl-Friedrich Bonhoeffer

Author : Kathleen L. Housley
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319958011
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (199 download)

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Book Synopsis The Scientific World of Karl-Friedrich Bonhoeffer by : Kathleen L. Housley

Download or read book The Scientific World of Karl-Friedrich Bonhoeffer written by Kathleen L. Housley and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-09-05 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In twentieth-century Germany, Karl-Friedrich Bonhoeffer rose to prominence as a brilliant physical chemist, even as several of his relatives—Dietrich Bonhoeffer among them—became involved in the resistance to Hitler, leading to their executions. This book traces the entanglement of science, religion, and politics in the Third Reich and in the lives of Karl-Friedrich, his family and his colleagues, including Fritz Haber and Werner Heisenberg. Nominated for the Nobel Prize, Karl-Friedrich was an expert on heavy water, a component of the atomic bomb. During the war, he was caught in the middle between relatives who were trying to kill Hitler and friends who were helping Hitler build a nuclear weapon. Karl-Friedrich emerges as a complex figure—an agnostic whose brother was a renowned theologian, and a chemist who both reluctantly advised German nuclear scientists and collaborated with Paul Rosbaud, a spy for the British. Illuminating the uneasy position of science in twentieth-century Germany, The Scientific World of Karl-Friedrich Bonhoeffer is the story of a man in love with chemistry, his family, and his nation, trying to do right by all of them in the midst of chaos.

Closing the Door on Globalization: Internationalism, Nationalism, Culture and Science in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries

Author : Cláudia Ninhos
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351720821
Total Pages : 186 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (517 download)

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Book Synopsis Closing the Door on Globalization: Internationalism, Nationalism, Culture and Science in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries by : Cláudia Ninhos

Download or read book Closing the Door on Globalization: Internationalism, Nationalism, Culture and Science in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries written by Cláudia Ninhos and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-10-05 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a book about the tensions and entangled interactions between internationalism and nationalism, and about the effects both had on European scientific and cultural settings from the mid-nineteenth to the mid-twentieth century. From chemistry to philology the essays tackle different historical case studies exploring how the paths taken by science and culture during the period were affected by nationalism and internationalism.

A Hundred Years of Chemistry

Author : Alexander Findlay
Publisher : Humanities Press International
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (44 download)

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Book Synopsis A Hundred Years of Chemistry by : Alexander Findlay

Download or read book A Hundred Years of Chemistry written by Alexander Findlay and published by Humanities Press International. This book was released on 1965 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Gas Mask in Interwar Germany

Author : Peter Thompson
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1009314831
Total Pages : 341 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis The Gas Mask in Interwar Germany by : Peter Thompson

Download or read book The Gas Mask in Interwar Germany written by Peter Thompson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2023-04-30 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exploring the history of the gas mask in Germany from 1915 to the eve of the Second World War, Peter Thompson traces how chemical weapons and protective technologies like the gas mask produced new relationships to danger, risk, management and mastery in the modern age of mass destruction. Recounting the apocalyptic visions of chemical death that circulated in interwar Germany, he argues that while everyday encounters with the gas mask tended to exacerbate fears, the gas mask also came to symbolize debates about the development of military and chemical technologies in the Weimar Republic and the Third Reich. He underscores how the gas mask was tied into the creation of an exclusionary national community under the Nazis and the altered perception of environmental danger in the second half of the twentieth century. As this innovative new history shows, chemical warfare and protection technologies came to represent poignant visions of the German future.

Scientific Babel

Author : Michael D. Gordin
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022600029X
Total Pages : 424 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (26 download)

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Book Synopsis Scientific Babel by : Michael D. Gordin

Download or read book Scientific Babel written by Michael D. Gordin and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2015-04-13 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: English is the language of science today. No matter which languages you know, if you want your work seen, studied, and cited, you need to publish in English. But that hasn’t always been the case. Though there was a time when Latin dominated the field, for centuries science has been a polyglot enterprise, conducted in a number of languages whose importance waxed and waned over time—until the rise of English in the twentieth century. So how did we get from there to here? How did French, German, Latin, Russian, and even Esperanto give way to English? And what can we reconstruct of the experience of doing science in the polyglot past? With Scientific Babel, Michael D. Gordin resurrects that lost world, in part through an ingenious mechanism: the pages of his highly readable narrative account teem with footnotes—not offering background information, but presenting quoted material in its original language. The result is stunning: as we read about the rise and fall of languages, driven by politics, war, economics, and institutions, we actually see it happen in the ever-changing web of multilingual examples. The history of science, and of English as its dominant language, comes to life, and brings with it a new understanding not only of the frictions generated by a scientific community that spoke in many often mutually unintelligible voices, but also of the possibilities of the polyglot, and the losses that the dominance of English entails. Few historians of science write as well as Gordin, and Scientific Babel reveals his incredible command of the literature, language, and intellectual essence of science past and present. No reader who takes this linguistic journey with him will be disappointed.

The Synthetic Nitrogen Industry in World War I

Author : Anthony S. Travis
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319193570
Total Pages : 163 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (191 download)

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Book Synopsis The Synthetic Nitrogen Industry in World War I by : Anthony S. Travis

Download or read book The Synthetic Nitrogen Industry in World War I written by Anthony S. Travis and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-07-03 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This concise brief describes how the demands of World War I, often referred to as the Chemists’ War, led to the rapid emergence of a new key industry based on fixation of atmospheric nitrogen. Then, as now, nitrogen products, including nitric acid, and nitrates, were essential for both fertilizers and in the manufacture of modern explosives. During the first decade of the twentieth century, this stimulated research into and application of novel processes. This book illustrates how from late 1914 the relations and developments in the first modern military-industrial complex enabled the great capital expenditures and technological advances that accelerated massive expansion, particularly of the BASF Haber-Bosch high-pressure process, that determined the direction of the post-war chemical industry.

Ivan Stranski - The Grandmaster Of Crystal Growth

Author : Markov Ivan Vesselinov
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9813270470
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (132 download)

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Book Synopsis Ivan Stranski - The Grandmaster Of Crystal Growth by : Markov Ivan Vesselinov

Download or read book Ivan Stranski - The Grandmaster Of Crystal Growth written by Markov Ivan Vesselinov and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2018-10-26 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Who is Ivan Stranski, you ask? If you Google his name you will find thousands of sites that talk about him. In fact, the Kossel-Stranski model of crystal growth and the Stranski-Krastanov mode of growth of thin epitaxial films are named after him — just two of the many scientific ideas and concepts Professor Stranski introduced to science (and through which a whole new field in science was born). Today thousands of physicists, chemists and materials scientists all over the world are working in the field of crystal growth, particularly in epitaxial growth and nucleation which are necessary for the invention of new materials and high technologies. In this respect, the life, personality and way of thinking of this remarkable scientist should be of great interest to both beginners and professionals in science.This book describes the life and scientific achievements of Ivan Stranski, Bulgarian-German physical chemist and the father of crystal growth, against the historical backdrop of wars, massacres, and remarkable scientific discoveries in the 20th century. It covers his family roots, which are remarkable in their own right, his life and career both in Bulgaria and Germany (West Berlin), and his scientific achievements, including his most important contribution to the physics of crystal growth.The book captures Professor Stranski's personality and way of thinking as much as possible from the recollections of his disciples and contemporaries. Short biographical notes about his most renowned students in Bulgaria, Rostislaw Kaischew and Lyubomir Krastanov, with whom Stranski developed his most fundamental ideas are also included.

The Lost Scientists Of World War Ii

Author : David Charles Clary
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 1800614772
Total Pages : 317 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (6 download)

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Book Synopsis The Lost Scientists Of World War Ii by : David Charles Clary

Download or read book The Lost Scientists Of World War Ii written by David Charles Clary and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2024-02-08 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book tells the stories of scientists from Germany and other European countries who vanished during World War II. These erudite scholars contributed to diverse scientific fields and were associated with some of the world's leading universities and research institutions. Despite their proficiency, they all sought help from agencies to relocate to the UK in the 1930s, but were unable to secure the necessary assistance.The Lost Scientists of World War II explores the fascinating narratives of thirty of these scientific refugees, delving into the reasons behind the unavailability of aid and presenting fresh insights into the tragic fates or astounding survival experiences of these individuals.

Materializing the Foundations of Quantum Mechanics

Author : Climério Paulo da Silva Neto
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031297970
Total Pages : 78 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (312 download)

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Book Synopsis Materializing the Foundations of Quantum Mechanics by : Climério Paulo da Silva Neto

Download or read book Materializing the Foundations of Quantum Mechanics written by Climério Paulo da Silva Neto and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-05-24 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a history of the instrumentation used to materialize the early thought experiments devised in the Einstein-Bohr disputes over the foundations of quantum mechanics. It shows how the second world war and cold war fostered the development of materials, instruments, and systems that made it possible to create, manipulate, and detect single quantum systems, thus creating the material conditions for experiments in foundations of quantum mechanics and for a broad spectrum of experimental inquiries on the structure and properties of matter which underlay the creation of new research fields such as quantum optics, quantum information, and atomic, molecular, and optical physics. Discussing research and development performed in diverse contexts, this book reveals how physicists carried instruments, and the knowledge they embodied, through disciplinary and geographic frontiers to probe entanglement, a most intriguing feature of the quantum world.

Mining and Selling Radium and Uranium

Author : Roger F. Robison
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319118307
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (191 download)

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Book Synopsis Mining and Selling Radium and Uranium by : Roger F. Robison

Download or read book Mining and Selling Radium and Uranium written by Roger F. Robison and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-12-01 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presented here is the story of the mining and sale of uranium and radium ore through biographical vignettes, chemistry, physics, geology, geography, occupational health, medical utilization, environmental safety and industrial history. Included are the people and places involved over the course of over 90 years of interconnected mining and sale of radium and uranium, finally ending in 1991 with the abandonment of radium paint and medical devices, Soviet nuclear parity, and the Radiation Exposure Compensation Act.

Genius & Anxiety

Author : Norman Lebrecht
Publisher : Scribner
ISBN 13 : 1982134267
Total Pages : 464 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (821 download)

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Book Synopsis Genius & Anxiety by : Norman Lebrecht

Download or read book Genius & Anxiety written by Norman Lebrecht and published by Scribner. This book was released on 2020-12-08 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This lively chronicle of the years 1847–1947—the century when the Jewish people changed how we see the world—is “[a] thrilling and tragic history…especially good on the ironies and chain-reaction intimacies that make a people and a past” (The Wall Street Journal). In a hundred-year period, a handful of men and women changed the world. Many of them are well known—Marx, Freud, Proust, Einstein, Kafka. Others have vanished from collective memory despite their enduring importance in our daily lives. Without Karl Landsteiner, for instance, there would be no blood transfusions or major surgery. Without Paul Ehrlich, no chemotherapy. Without Siegfried Marcus, no motor car. Without Rosalind Franklin, genetic science would look very different. Without Fritz Haber, there would not be enough food to sustain life on earth. What do these visionaries have in common? They all had Jewish origins. They all had a gift for thinking in wholly original, even earth-shattering ways. In 1847, the Jewish people made up less than 0.25% of the world’s population, and yet they saw what others could not. How? Why? Norman Lebrecht has devoted half of his life to pondering and researching the mindset of the Jewish intellectuals, writers, scientists, and thinkers who turned the tides of history and shaped the world today as we know it. In Genius & Anxiety, Lebrecht begins with the Communist Manifesto in 1847 and ends in 1947, when Israel was founded. This robust, magnificent, beautifully designed volume is “an urgent and moving history” (The Spectator, UK) and a celebration of Jewish genius and contribution.

2012

Author :
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
ISBN 13 : 3110278715
Total Pages : 3064 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (12 download)

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Book Synopsis 2012 by :

Download or read book 2012 written by and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2013-03-01 with total page 3064 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Particularly in the humanities and social sciences, festschrifts are a popular forum for discussion. The IJBF provides quick and easy general access to these important resources for scholars and students. The festschrifts are located in state and regional libraries and their bibliographic details are recorded. Since 1983, more than 659,000 articles from more than 30,500 festschrifts, published between 1977 and 2011, have been catalogued.

Philanthropy, Civil Society, and the State in German History, 1815-1989

Author : Thomas Adam
Publisher : Boydell & Brewer
ISBN 13 : 1571139214
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (711 download)

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Book Synopsis Philanthropy, Civil Society, and the State in German History, 1815-1989 by : Thomas Adam

Download or read book Philanthropy, Civil Society, and the State in German History, 1815-1989 written by Thomas Adam and published by Boydell & Brewer. This book was released on 2016 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first book to provide the English-speaking reader with the revisionist interpretation of the role of the state and philanthropy in Germany that is increasingly embraced by German historians.

Nitrogen Capture

Author : Anthony S. Travis
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319689630
Total Pages : 411 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)

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Book Synopsis Nitrogen Capture by : Anthony S. Travis

Download or read book Nitrogen Capture written by Anthony S. Travis and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-04-24 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph provides an account of how the synthetic nitrogen industry became the forerunner of the 20th-century chemical industry in Europe, the United States and Asia. Based on an earlier SpringerBrief by the same author, which focused on the period of World War I, it expands considerably on the international aspects of the development of the synthetic nitrogen industry in the decade and a half following the war, including the new technologies that rivalled the Haber-Bosch ammonia process. Travis describes the tremendous global impact of fixed nitrogen (as calcium cyanamide and ammonia), including the perceived strategic need for nitrogen (mainly for munitions), and, increasingly, its role in increasing crop yields, including in Italy under Mussolini, and in the Soviet Union under Stalin. The author also reviews the situation in Imperial Japan, including the earliest adoption of the Italian Casale ammonia process, from 1923, and the role of fixed nitrogen in the industrialization of colonial Korea from the late 1920s. Chemists, historians of science and technology, and those interested in world fertilizer production and the development of chemical industry during the first four decades of the twentieth century will find this book of considerable value.