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Author : Orazio Emanuele Nicotra
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 113 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (14 download)
Download or read book Nuclear Matter Equation of State, from Nuclei to Compact Stellar Objects written by Orazio Emanuele Nicotra and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Farrooh Fattoyev
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (859 download)
Download or read book Sensitivity of Neutron Star Properties to the Equation of State written by Farrooh Fattoyev and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: The subject of this doctoral dissertation is to study the equations of state of nuclear and neutron-star matter. We tackle this problem by employing several models of the relativistic effective interactions. The relativistic effective interactions and their applications to the ground-state properties of medium to heavy nuclei have enjoyed enormous success for the past three decades. With just a few model parameters calibrated to the ground state properties of the closed-shell nuclei, these models exhibit and encode a great amount of physics. However, theses models are untested far away from their narrow window of applicability. In particular, while these models tend to agree on the saturation properties of symmetric nuclear matter, they largely disagree on its density and isospin dependence, especially in the region of high densities and large proton-neutron asymmetries. In order to better understand the properties of nuclear matter at these extreme regions of isospin asymmetry and high-densities, we will apply these models to predict several neutron star properties. Since the matter in the neutron stars are very neutron-rich, while the density of matter in neutron stars spans over a wide range of magnitudes, these compact objects remain unique laboratories for probing the equation of state of neutron-rich matter under conditions unattainable by terrestrial experiments. Thus it is expected that at least the following neutron star properties must be sensitive to the underlying equation of state- maximum mass, typical radii, moments of inertia (both total and crustal), redshifts, and cooling mechanism. We present numerical solutions and in some cases also analytical solutions to each of the properties above. In particular, the sensitivity of the stellar moment of inertia to the neutron-star matter equation of state is examined using accurately-calibrated relativistic mean-field models. We probe this sensitivity by tuning both the density dependence of the symmetry energy and the high density component of the equation of state, properties that are at present poorly constrained by existing laboratory data. Particularly attractive is the study of the fraction of the moment of inertia contained in the solid crust. Analytic treatments of the crustal moment of inertia reveal a high sensitivity to the transition pressure at the core-crust interface. Motivated by a recent astrophysical measurement of the pressure of cold matter above nuclear-matter saturation density, we compute the equation of state of neutron-star matter using various accurately calibrated relativistic models. We found the predictions of these models to be in fairly good agreement with the measured equation of state. In the effort to explain the observational data we introduce a new relativistic effective interaction that is simultaneously constrained by the properties of finite nuclei, their collective excitations, and neutron-star properties. By adjusting two of the empirical parameters of the theory, one can efficiently tune the neutron skin thickness of $^{208}$Pb and the maximum neutron star mass. The new effective interaction is moderately soft at intermediate densities and relatively stiff at high densities. It is fitted to a neutron skin thickness in $^{208}$Pb of only $R_{rm n} - R_{rm p} = 0.16$ fm and a moderately large maximum neutron star mass of 1.94 $M_{rm Sun}$ consistent with the latest observation. Last, theoretical uncertainties in the predictions of relativistic mean-field models are estimated using a chi-square minimization procedure that is implemented by studying the small oscillations around the chi-square minimum. It is shown that such statistical analysis provides access to a wealth of information that would normally remain hidden. The power of covariance analysis is illustrated in two relativistic mean field models. By performing this analysis one obtains meaningful theoretical uncertainties for both model parameters and predicted observables. Moreover, it is shown, how covariance analysis is able to establish robust correlations between physical observables.
Author : Harald Riffert
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.X/5 (2 download)
Download or read book Matter at High Densities in Astrophysics written by Harald Riffert and published by Springer. This book was released on 1996-03-14 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is published in honor of Friedrich Hund's 100th birthday. It is a modern review on matter at high densities and pressures in astrophysics from Hund's early contribution to present-day ideas. The relation between the equation of state and the structure of compact cosmic objects is discussed, and two main contributions deal with the equation of state of baryonic matter at nuclear densities and with the numerical solution of the general relativistic field equations for non-rotating and rapidly rotating neutron stars. In a final chapter the present state of asteroseismology is presented as a tool to explore the interior of cosmic objects by analyzing the observed free oscillations of the Earth, the Sun, and white dwarf stars.
Author : Marc Salinas
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 78 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (846 download)
Download or read book Neutron Stars and the Quark Matter Equation of State written by Marc Salinas and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Neutron stars are among the densest objects in the universe. The uncertainty of the internal structure of these stars have led to various methods for modeling the behavior of matter at high density. In order to study the structure of compact stars, the Tolman- Oppenheimer-Volkoff (TOV) equations are solved to yield Mass-Radius curves of different neutron star structures. Such different structures investigated in this paper include stars of pure nuclear matter, stars of pure quark matter, and hybrid stars. These classes of stars are probably the only place in the universe where deconfined quark matter could exist. Because of the possibility of quark deconfinement, Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) plays an important role in modeling the core of these stars. Although QCD is unsolved, we can still use some of the main principles to obtain some possible Equations of State (EoS) to be used in conjunction with the TOV equations. Although the EoS of the neutron star core is the bulk of this paper, we investigate the strange matter hypothesis, the masquerade of hybrid stars as nuclear stars, and the flavor camouflage in phase transitions, all through the use of the Vector Interaction Enhanced Bag Model (vBag). In the end, the results of this paper can be used in conjunction with observational astronomical data to constrain the equation of state for neutron stars. Since these compact stars are likely the only objects in the universe where the extreme density allows for quark deconfinement, it also provides us with one way to test out the QCD and QFT framework for high density nuclear matter.
Author : Luciano Rezzolla
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191509914
Total Pages : 752 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)
Download or read book Relativistic Hydrodynamics written by Luciano Rezzolla and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2013-09-26 with total page 752 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Relativistic hydrodynamics is a very successful theoretical framework to describe the dynamics of matter from scales as small as those of colliding elementary particles, up to the largest scales in the universe. This book provides an up-to-date, lively, and approachable introduction to the mathematical formalism, numerical techniques, and applications of relativistic hydrodynamics. The topic is typically covered either by very formal or by very phenomenological books, but is instead presented here in a form that will be appreciated both by students and researchers in the field. The topics covered in the book are the results of work carried out over the last 40 years, which can be found in rather technical research articles with dissimilar notations and styles. The book is not just a collection of scattered information, but a well-organized description of relativistic hydrodynamics, from the basic principles of statistical kinetic theory, down to the technical aspects of numerical methods devised for the solution of the equations, and over to the applications in modern physics and astrophysics. Numerous figures, diagrams, and a variety of exercises aid the material in the book. The most obvious applications of this work range from astrophysics (black holes, neutron stars, gamma-ray bursts, and active galaxies) to cosmology (early-universe hydrodynamics and phase transitions) and particle physics (heavy-ion collisions). It is often said that fluids are either seen as solutions of partial differential equations or as "wet". Fluids in this book are definitely wet, but the mathematical beauty of differential equations is not washed out.
Author : Omar Benhar
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 104004476X
Total Pages : 481 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)
Download or read book Nuclear Theory in the Age of Multimessenger Astronomy written by Omar Benhar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-07-03 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last decade, astrophysical observations of neutron stars — both as isolated and binary sources — have paved the way for a deeper understanding of the structure and dynamics of matter beyond nuclear saturation density. The mapping between astrophysical observations and models of dense matter based on microscopic dynamics has been poorly investigated so far. However, the increased accuracy of present and forthcoming observations may be instrumental in resolving the degeneracy between the predictions of different equations of state. Astrophysical and laboratory probes have the potential to paint to a new coherent picture of nuclear matter — and, more generally, strong interactions — over the widest range of densities occurring in the Universe. This book provides a self-contained account of neutron star properties, microscopic nuclear dynamics and the recent observational developments in multimessenger astronomy. It also discusses the unprecedented possibilities to shed light on long standing and fundamental issues, such as the validity of the description of matter in terms of pointlike baryons and leptons and the appearance of deconfined quarks in the high density regime. It will be of interest to researchers and advanced PhD students working in the fields of Astrophysics, Gravitational Physics, Nuclear Physics and Particle Physics. Key Features: Reviews state-of-the-art theoretical and experimental developments Self-contained and cross-disciplinary While being devoted to a very lively and fast developing field, the book fundamentally addresses methodological issues. Therefore, it will not be subject to fast obsolescence. Omar Benhar is an INFN Emeritus Research Director, and has been teaching Relativistic Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Electrodynamics and Structure of Compact Stars at “Sapienza” University of Rome for over twenty years. He has worked extensively in the United States, and since 2013 has served as an adjunct professor at the Center for Neutrino Physics of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Prof. Benhar has authored or co-authored three textbooks on Relativistic Quantum Mechanics, Gauge Theories, and Structure and Dynamics of Compact Stars, and published more than one hundred scientific papers on the theory of many-particle systems, the structure of compact stars and the electroweak interactions of nuclei. Alessandro Lovato is a physicist at Argonne National Laboratory and an INFN researcher in Trento. His research in theoretical nuclear physics focuses on consistently modeling the self-emerging properties of atomic nuclei and neutron-star matter in terms of the microscopic interactions among the constituent protons and neutrons. He has co-authored more than eighty scientific publications on the theory of many-particle systems, the structure of compact stars, and the electroweak interactions of nuclei. He is at the forefront of high-performance computing applied to solving the quantum many-body problem. Andrea Maselli is an Associate Professor at the Gran Sasso Science Institute, in L’Aquila, where he teaches Gravitation and Cosmology and Physics of Black Hole. His research focuses on strong gravity, which plays a crucial role in many astrophysical phenomena involving black hole and neutron stars, representing natural laboratories to test fundamental physics. Prof. Maselli has co-authored more than eighty scientific papers on the modelling of black holes and neutron stars in General Relativity and extension thereof, their gravitational wave emission, and on tests of gravity in the strong filed regime. He is active in various collaborations aimed at developing next generation of gravitational wave detectors, such as the LISA satellite, the Einstein Telescope, and the Lunar Gravitational Wave Antenna. Francesco Pannarale is an Associate Professor at “Sapienza” Univeristy of Rome, where he teaches Gravitational Waves, Compact Objects and Black Holes, Computing Methods for Physics, and Electromagnetism. His research interests are in gravitational-wave physics and multimessenger astronomy, and they range from modelling compact binary sources to data analysis. He has co-authored over one hundred and eighty scientific publications and was at the forefront of the joint observation of GW170817 and GRB 170817A. He is currently serving as co-chair of the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Data Analysis Council.
Author : Md A. Khan
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0429960948
Total Pages : 247 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (299 download)
Download or read book Nuclear Astrophysics written by Md A. Khan and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-02-13 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this volume the physics involved in various astrophysical processes like the synthesis of light and heavier elements, explosive burning processes, core collapse supernova etc have been critically addressed with minimum mathematical derivations so as to suit all faculties of the readers. For graduate students there are solved problems with exercises at the end of each chapter, for researchers some recent works on the calculation of physical parameters of astrophysical importance like the calculation of Sfactors at low energies have been included, and for amateur readers there are lot of history, information and discussion on the astronuclear phenomenon. Please note: Taylor & Francis does not sell or distribute the Hardback in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.
Author : Ahmad Ansari
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9814547824
Total Pages : 424 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (145 download)
Download or read book Nuclear Equation Of State - Lecture Notes Of The Workshop written by Ahmad Ansari and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1996-03-22 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the diversified and changing scenarios of the current frontiers of nuclear physics research, the topic 'Nuclear Equation of State' occupies the pivotal position. The present series of lectures by well known experts in this field span a wide area ranging from low energy to ultrarelativistic energy, with application to astrophysical phenomena like supernovae explosions, neutron star and other stellar processes, phase transitions in quantum chromodynamics, and properties of quark-gluon plasma. The present status of the VUU model for the intermediate energy heavy-ion collisions is also reviewed.
Author : Luciano Rezzolla
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319976168
Total Pages : 825 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (199 download)
Download or read book The Physics and Astrophysics of Neutron Stars written by Luciano Rezzolla and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-09 with total page 825 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes the recent progress in the physics and astrophysics of neutron stars and, most importantly, it identifies and develops effective strategies to explore, both theoretically and observationally, the many remaining open questions in the field. Because of its significance in the solution of many fundamental questions in nuclear physics, astrophysics and gravitational physics, the study of neutron stars has seen enormous progress over the last years and has been very successful in improving our understanding in these fascinating compact objects. The book addresses a wide spectrum of readers, from students to senior researchers. Thirteen chapters written by internationally renowned experts offer a thorough overview of the various facets of this interdisciplinary science, from neutron star formation in supernovae, pulsars, equations of state super dense matter, gravitational wave emission, to alternative theories of gravity. The book was initiated by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action MP1304 “Exploring fundamental physics with compact stars” (NewCompStar).
Author : Francesca Bonaiti
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (145 download)
Download or read book Constraining the Nuclear Matter Equation of State from Electromagnetic Observables in Finite Nuclei written by Francesca Bonaiti and published by . This book was released on 2024 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the nature of neutron stars, where matter reaches extremely high density conditions, is one of the most fascinating questions in nuclear astrophysics. The structure, dynamics and composition of these astrophysical objects are governed by the nuclear matter equation of state, which relates the pressure supporting the star against gravitational collapse to the huge range of densities present in its interior. Around the densities reached in the atomic nucleus, the nuclear matter equation of state can be investigated in laboratory experiments targeting nuclear electromagnetic properties, such as electric dipole polarizabilities and isoscalar monopole resonances. These observables, connected to parameters entering the nuclear matter equation of state, shed light also on the collective excitations of the nucleus at low energy. Ab initio calculations, combining nuclear forces from chiral effective field theory with systematically improvable many-body methods, represent now the gold standard of nuclear structure computations in increasingly large systems. In this framework, computing electromagnetic observables involves additional challenges, as it requires the knowledge of both bound and continuum excited states of the nucleus. Such calculations have become possible in medium-mass nuclei thanks to the coupled-cluster (CC) formulation of the Lorentz integral transform (LIT) technique, known as LIT-CC method, limited thus far to doubly magic or semi-magic nuclei. This thesis extends the reach of ab initio LIT-CC calculations of electromagnetic observables beyond closed-shell nuclei and towards the dripline. We show how the LIT-CC approach can be reformulated for nuclei in the vicinity of closed shells, focusing on two-particle-attached (2PA) systems, which are characterized by having two nucleons outside a closed-shell core. For most of this thesis, we focus on the electric dipole polarizability. We first test LIT-CC predictions on new experimental data for the closed-shell 40Ca, serving as an additional benchmark for constraints on the nuclear matter equation of state from chiral forces. Next, we validate the newly developed LIT-CC method for 2PA nuclei, computing the non-energy-weighted dipole sum rule and the dipole polarizability of 16,24O in both the closed-shell and the new frameworks, finding agreement between error bars. We analyse the evolution of the dipole polarizability along the oxygen and calcium isotopic chains, providing predictions for 24O and 54,56Ca, which will serve as motivation for future experimental studies at the dripline. We then present a study of the exotic halo nucleus 8He, where we compare our predictions for the dipole polarizability with recent high-statistics data obtained at RIKEN, Japan by the SAMURAI collaboration. In the end, we move our attention to isoscalar monopole resonances, and extract a preliminary estimate of the incompressibility of symmetric nuclear matter.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 28 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Neutron Stars, Strange Stars, and the Nuclear Equation of State written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This article consists of three parts. In part one we review the present status of dense nuclear matter calculations, and introduce a representative collection of realistic nuclear equations of state which are derived for different assumptions about the physical behavior of dense matter (baryon population, pion condensation, .possible transition of baryon matter to quark matter). In part two we review recently performed non-rotating and rotating compact star calculations performed for these equations of state. The minimum stable rotational periods of compact stars, whose knowledge is of decisive importance for the interpretation of rapidly rotating pulsars, axe determined. For this purpose two different limits on stable rotation are studied: rotation at the general relativistic Kepler period (below which mass shedding at the star's equator sets in), and, secondly, rotation at the gravitational radiation-reaction instability (at which emission of gravitational waves set in which slows the star down). Part three of this article deals with the properties of hypothetical strange stars. Specifically we investigate the amount of nuclear solid crust that can be carried by a rotating strange star, and answer the question whether such objects can give rise to the observed phenomena of pulsar glitches, which is at the present time the only astrophysical test of the strange-quark-matter hypothesis.
Author : Debades Bandyopadhyay
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030951715
Total Pages : 221 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (39 download)
Download or read book Supernovae, Neutron Star Physics and Nucleosynthesis written by Debades Bandyopadhyay and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-03-28 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with the interdisciplinary areas of nuclear physics, supernovae and neutron star physics. It addresses the physics and astrophysics of the spectacular supernova explosions, starting with the collapse of massive stars and ending with the birth of neutron stars or black holes. Recent progress in the understanding of core collapse supernova (CCSN) and observational aspects of future detections of neutrinos from CCSN explosions are discussed. The other main focus in this text is the novel phases of dense nuclear matter, its compositions and equation of state (EoS) from low to very high baryon density relevant to supernovae and neutron stars. The multi-messenger astrophysics of binary neutron star merger GW170817 and its relation to EoS through tidal deformability are also presented in detail. The synthesis of elements heavier than iron in the supernova and neutron star environment by the rapid (r)-process are treated here with special emphasis on the nucleosynthesis in the ejected material from GW170817. This monograph is written for graduate students and researchers in the field of nuclear astrophysics.
Author : Umberto Lombardo
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9812797041
Total Pages : 471 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (127 download)
Download or read book Exotic States of Nuclear Matter written by Umberto Lombardo and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2008 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The International Symposium on 'Exotic States of Nuclear Matter' was a unique opportunity to review and discuss the many aspects of nuclear matter under extreme conditions and the corresponding possible exotic states like hyperonic matter, kaon condensates, and quark matter, which can appear both in astrophysical compact objects like neutron stars and in heavy ion collision experiments. In this proceedings volume, leading experts from astrophysics, nuclear physics, and elementary particle physics have delivered reviews and specialized seminars, which highlight the links among the different fields and the role of the underlying fundamental processes. Prospects in future astrophysical observations, with present and planned apparata, and heavy ion experiments are strongly emphasized. Thus, this book will definitely be a valuable reference for all researchers working in this wide research area.
Author : Carlos A. Bertulani
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781620819029
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (19 download)
Download or read book Neutron Star Crust written by Carlos A. Bertulani and published by . This book was released on 2013-01-11 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes bibliographical references and index.
Author : Walter Greiner
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 826 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book The Nuclear Equation of State written by Walter Greiner and published by Springer. This book was released on 1989 with total page 826 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The NATO Advanced Study Institute on The Nuclear Equatioo of State was held at Peiiiscola Spain from May 22- June 3, 1989. The school was devoted to the advances, theoretical and experimental, made during the past fifteen years in the physics of nuclear matter under extreme conditions, such as high compression and high temperature. Moie than 300 people had applied for participatio- this demonstrates the tremendous interest in the various subjects presented at the school. Indeed, the topic of this school, namely the Nuclear Equatioo of State, • plays the central role in high energy heavy ion collisions; • contains the intriguing possibilities of various phase transitions (gas - vapor, meson condensation, quark - gluon plasma); • plays an important role in the static and dynamical behavior of stars, especially in supernova explosions and in neutron star stability. The investigation on the nuclear equation of state can only be accomplished in the laboratory by compressing and heating up nuclear matter and the only mechanism known to date to achieve this goal is through shock compression and -heating in violent high energy heavy ion collisions. This key mechanism has been proposed and highly disputed in of high energy heavy ion physics, the early 70's. It plays a central role in the whole field and particularly in our discussions during the two weeks at Peiiiscola.
Author : Jürgen Schaffner-Bielich
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107180899
Total Pages : 325 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (71 download)
Download or read book Compact Star Physics written by Jürgen Schaffner-Bielich and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-08-27 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This introduction to compact star physics explains key concepts from general relativity, thermodynamics and nuclear physics.
Author : Stuart L. Shapiro
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527617671
Total Pages : 663 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (276 download)
Download or read book Black Holes, White Dwarfs, and Neutron Stars written by Stuart L. Shapiro and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-11-20 with total page 663 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This self-contained textbook brings together many different branches of physics--e.g. nuclear physics, solid state physics, particle physics, hydrodynamics, relativity--to analyze compact objects. The latest astronomical data is assessed. Over 250 exercises.
