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Nuclear Genome Stability Dna Replication Telomere Maintenance And Dna Repair
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Book Synopsis Nuclear Genome Stability: DNA Replication, Telomere Maintenance, and DNA Repair by : Maria Isabel Nogueira Cano
Download or read book Nuclear Genome Stability: DNA Replication, Telomere Maintenance, and DNA Repair written by Maria Isabel Nogueira Cano and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-03-09 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Telomeres and Telomerase by : Predrag Slijepcevic
Download or read book Telomeres and Telomerase written by Predrag Slijepcevic and published by S. Karger AG (Switzerland). This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Telomeres are essential functional elements of eukaryotic chromosomes. Their fundamental biological role as protectors of chromosome stability was identified for the first time in the 1930s by Hermann Muller and Barbara McClintock based on pioneering cytological experiments. Modern molecular research carried out more recently revealed that telomeres and telomerase play important roles in processes such as carcinogenesis and cellular senescence. This special issue presents the most recent developments in this highly active field of research. It is becoming increasingly clear that molecular pathways involved in regulation of telomere length and structure are functionally linked with pathways involved in DNA damage response, cellular stress response, chromatin organization and perhaps even pathways that regulate evolutionary chromosome rearrangements. The above functional link is explored by the leading experts in the field of telomere biology. Cell biologists, molecular biologists, oncologists, gerontologists, and radiobiologists with an interest in the role of telomeres/telomerase will appreciate the up-to-date information in this publication.
Book Synopsis The Evolving Telomeres by : Arthur J. Lustig
Download or read book The Evolving Telomeres written by Arthur J. Lustig and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-07-19 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What controls the different rates of evolution to give rise to conserved and divergent proteins and RNAs? How many trials until evolution can adapt to physiological changes? Every organism has arisen through multiple molecular changes, and the mechanisms that are employed (mutagenesis, recombination, transposition) have been an issue left to the elegant discipline of evolutionary biology. But behind the theory are realities that we have yet to ascertain: How does an evolving cell accommodate its requirements for both conserving its essential functions, while also providing a selective advantage? In this volume, we focus on the evolution of the eukaryotic telomere, the ribo-nuclear protein complex at the end of a linear chromosome. The telomere is an example of a single chromosomal element that must function to maintain genomic stability. The telomeres of all species must provide a means to avoid the attrition from semi-conservative DNA replication and a means of telomere elongation (the telomere replication problem). For example, telomerase is the most well-studied mechanism to circumvent telomere attrition by adding the short repeats that constitutes most telomeres. The telomere must also guard against the multiple activities that can act on an unprotected double strand break requiring a window (or checkpoint) to compensate for telomere sequence loss as well as protection against non-specific processes (the telomere protection problem). This volume describes a range of methodologies including mechanistic studies, phylogenetic comparisons and data-based theoretical approaches to study telomere evolution over a broad spectrum of organisms that includes plants, animals and fungi. In telomeres that are elongated by telomerases, different components have widely different rates of evolution. Telomerases evolved from roots in archaebacteria including splicing factors and LTR-transposition. At the conserved level, the telomere is a rebel among double strand breaks (DSBs) and has altered the function of the highly conserved proteins of the ATM pathway into an elegant means of protecting the chromosome end and maintaining telomere size homeostasis through a competition of positive and negative factors. This homeostasis, coupled with highly conserved capping proteins, is sufficient for protection. However, far more proteins are present at the telomere to provide additional species-specific functions. Do these proteins provide insight into how the cell allows for rapid change without self-destruction?
Book Synopsis Maintenance of Genome Integrity: DNA Damage Sensing, Signaling, Repair and Replication in Plants by : Alma Balestrazzi
Download or read book Maintenance of Genome Integrity: DNA Damage Sensing, Signaling, Repair and Replication in Plants written by Alma Balestrazzi and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-05-06 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental stresses and metabolic by-products can severely affect the integrity of genetic information by inducing DNA damage and impairing genome stability. As a consequence, plant growth and productivity are irreversibly compromised. To overcome genotoxic injury, plants have evolved complex strategies relying on a highly efficient repair machinery that responds to sophisticated damage perception/signaling networks. The DNA damage signaling network contains several key components: DNA damage sensors, signal transducers, mediators, and effectors. Most of these components are common to other eukaryotes but some features are unique to the plant kingdom. ATM and ATR are well-conserved members of PIKK family, which amplify and transduce signals to downstream effectors. ATM primarily responds to DNA double strand breaks while ATR responds to various forms of DNA damage. The signals from the activated transducer kinases are transmitted to the downstream cell-cycle regulators, such as CHK1, CHK2, and p53 in many eukaryotes. However, plants have no homologue of CHK1, CHK2 nor p53. The finding of Arabidopsis transcription factor SOG1 that seems functionally but not structurally similar to p53 suggests that plants have developed unique cell cycle regulation mechanism. The double strand break repair, recombination repair, postreplication repair, and lesion bypass, have been investigated in several plants. The DNA double strand break, a most critical damage for organisms are repaired non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) or homologous recombination (HR) pathway. Damage on template DNA makes replication stall, which is processed by translesion synthesis (TLS) or error-free postreplication repair (PPR) pathway. Deletion of the error-prone TLS polymerase reduces mutation frequencies, suggesting PPR maintains the stalled replication fork when TLS is not available. Unveiling the regulation networks among these multiple pathways would be the next challenge to be completed. Some intriguing issues have been disclosed such as the cross-talk between DNA repair, senescence and pathogen response and the involvement of non-coding RNAs in global genome stability. Several studies have highlighted the essential contribution of chromatin remodeling in DNA repair DNA damage sensing, signaling and repair have been investigated in relation to environmental stresses, seed quality issues, mutation breeding in both model and crop plants and all these studies strengthen the idea that components of the plant response to genotoxic stress might represent tools to improve stress tolerance and field performance. This focus issue gives researchers the opportunity to gather and interact by providing Mini-Reviews, Commentaries, Opinions, Original Research and Method articles which describe the most recent advances and future perspectives in the field of DNA damage sensing, signaling and repair in plants. A comprehensive overview of the current progresses dealing with the genotoxic stress response in plants will be provided looking at cellular and molecular level with multidisciplinary approaches. This will hopefully bring together valuable information for both plant biotechnologists and breeders.
Book Synopsis Telomerase and non-Telomerase Mechanisms of Telomere Maintenance by : Tammy A. Morrish
Download or read book Telomerase and non-Telomerase Mechanisms of Telomere Maintenance written by Tammy A. Morrish and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-04-01 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, Telomerase and non-Telomerase Mechanisms of Telomere Maintenance, is a collection of reviewed and relevant research chapters, offering a comprehensive overview of recent developments in the field of biochemistry, genetics, and molecular biology. The book comprises single chapters authored by various researchers and edited by an expert active in the molecular biology research area. All chapters are individually complete but united under a common research topic. This publication aims to provide a thorough overview of the latest research efforts by international authors on biochemistry, genetics,and molecular biology, and open new possible research paths for further novel developments. A note from the publisher: It is with great sadness and regret that we inform the contributing authors and readers of this book that the Editor, Dr Tammy A. Morrish, passed away during the publishing process of the book and before having a chance to see its publication. The book Telomerase and non-Telomerase Mechanisms of Telomere Maintenance was her first edited volume with us. Fruitful collaboration continued until her final days. We would like to acknowledge Dr Morrish's contribution to scientific publishing, which she made during years of dedicated work, and express our gratitude for her pleasant cooperation with us.
Book Synopsis The DNA Damage Response: Implications on Cancer Formation and Treatment by : Kum Kum Khanna
Download or read book The DNA Damage Response: Implications on Cancer Formation and Treatment written by Kum Kum Khanna and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-09-18 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ?eld of cellular responses to DNA damage has attained widespread recognition and interest in recent years commensurate with its fundamental role in the ma- tenance of genomic stability. These responses, which are essential to preventing cellular death or malignant transformation, are organized into a sophisticated s- tem designated the “DNA damage response”. This system operates in all living organisms to maintain genomic stability in the face of constant attacks on the DNA from a variety of endogenous by-products of normal metabolism, as well as exogenous agents such as radiation and toxic chemicals in the environment. The response repairs DNA damage via an intricate cellular signal transduction network that coordinates with various processes such as regulation of DNA replication, tr- scriptional responses, and temporary cell cycle arrest to allow the repair to take place. Defects in this system result in severe genetic disorders involving tissue degeneration, sensitivity to speci?c damaging agents, immunode?ciency, genomic instability, cancer predisposition and premature aging. The ?nding that many of the crucial players involved in DNA damage response are structurally and functionally conserved in different species spurred discoveries of new players through similar analyses in yeast and mammals. We now understand the chain of events that leads to instantaneous activation of the massive cellular responses to DNA lesions. This book summarizes several new concepts in this rapidly evolving ?eld, and the advances in our understanding of the complex network of processes that respond to DNA damage.
Book Synopsis DNA Replication Stress by : Robert M. Brosh Jr.
Download or read book DNA Replication Stress written by Robert M. Brosh Jr. and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-08-27 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Special Issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (IJMS) is dedicated to the mechanisms mediated at the molecular and cellular levels in response to adverse genomic perturbations and DNA replication stress. The relevant proteins and processes play paramount roles in nucleic acid transactions to maintain genomic stability and cellular homeostasis. A total of 18 articles are presented which encompass a broad range of highly relevant topics in genome biology. These include replication fork dynamics, DNA repair processes, DNA damage signaling and cell cycle control, cancer biology, epigenetics, cellular senescence, neurodegeneration, and aging. As Guest Editor for this IJMS
Book Synopsis Genome Stability and Human Diseases by : Heinz-Peter Nasheuer
Download or read book Genome Stability and Human Diseases written by Heinz-Peter Nasheuer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-12-11 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the establishment of the DNA structure researchers have been highly interested in the molecular basis of the inheritance of genes and of genetic disorders. Scientific investigations of the last two decades have shown that, in addition to oncogenic viruses and signalling pathways alterations, genomic instability is important in the development of cancer. This view is supported by the findings that aneuploidy, which results from chromosome instability, is one of the hallmarks of cancer cells. Chromosomal instability also underpins our fundamental principles of understanding tumourigenesis: It thought that cancer arises from the sequential acquisition of genetic alterations in specific genes. In this hypothesis, these rare genetic events represent rate-limiting ‘bottlenecks’ in the clonal evolution of a cancer, and pre-cancerous cells can evolve into neoplastic cells through the acquisition of somatic mutations. This book is written by international leading scientists in the field of genome stability. Chapters are devoted to genome stability and anti-cancer drug targets, histone modifications, chromatin factors, DNA repair, apoptosis and many other key areas of research. The chapters give insights into the newest development of the genome stability and human diseases and bring the current understanding of the mechanisms leading to chromosome instability and their potential for clinical impact to the reader.
Download or read book Genome Stability written by James Haber and published by Garland Science. This book was released on 2013-12-16 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genome Stability: DNA Repair and Recombination describes the various mechanisms of repairing DNA damage by recombination, most notably the repair of chromosomal breaks. The text presents a definitive history of the evolution of molecular models of DNA repair, emphasizing current research. The book introduces the central players in recombination. An overview of the four major pathways of homologous recombinational repair is followed by a description of the several mechanisms of nonhomologous end-joining. Designed as a textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate students with a molecular biology and genetics background, researchers and practitioners, especially in cancer biology, will also appreciate the book as a reference.
Book Synopsis Telomeres and Telomerase in Cancer by : Keiko Hiyama
Download or read book Telomeres and Telomerase in Cancer written by Keiko Hiyama and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-03-18 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Telomerase, an enzyme that maintains telomeres and endows eukaryotic cells with immortality, was first discovered in tetrahymena in 1985. In 1990s, it was proven that this enzyme also plays a key role in the infinite proliferation of human cancer cells. Now telomere and telomerase are widely accepted as important factors involved in cancer biology, and as promising diagnostic tools and therapeutic targets. Recently, role of telomerase in “cancer stem cells” has become another attractive story. Until now, there are several good books on telomere and telomerase focusing on biology in ciliates, yeasts, and mouse or basic sciences in human, providing basic scientists or students with updated knowledge.
Book Synopsis Origin and Evolution of Telomeres by : Jozef Nosek
Download or read book Origin and Evolution of Telomeres written by Jozef Nosek and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-05-26 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Linear chromosomes represent an evolutionary innovation associated with the origin of eukaryotic cells. This book describes how linear chromosomes and primordial pathways for maintaining their terminal structures, telomeres, emerged in early eukaryotes.Telomeres, derived from the Greek meaning terminal part, were first described by Hermann Muller i
Book Synopsis New Research Directions in DNA Repair by : Clark Chen
Download or read book New Research Directions in DNA Repair written by Clark Chen and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-05-22 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is intended for students and scientists working in the field of DNA repair. Select topics are presented here to illustrate novel concepts in DNA repair, the cross-talks between DNA repair and other fundamental cellular processes, and clinical translational efforts based on paradigms established in DNA repair. The book should serve as a supplementary text in courses and seminars as well as a general reference for biologists with an interest in DNA repair.
Download or read book The Nucleolus written by Mark O. J. Olson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-09-15 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Within the past two decades, extraordinary new functions for the nucleolus have begun to appear, giving the field a new vitality and generating renewed excitement and interest. These new discoveries include both newly-discovered functions and aspects of its conventional role. The Nucleolus is divided into three parts: nucleolar structure and organization, the role of the nucleolus in ribosome biogenesis, and novel functions of the nucleolus.
Book Synopsis The Mechanisms of DNA Replication by : David Stuart
Download or read book The Mechanisms of DNA Replication written by David Stuart and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-02-20 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DNA replication is a fundamental part of the life cycle of all organisms. Not surprisingly many aspects of this process display profound conservation across organisms in all domains of life. The chapters in this volume outline and review the current state of knowledge on several key aspects of the DNA replication process. This is a critical process in both normal growth and development and in relation to a broad variety of pathological conditions including cancer. The reader will be provided with new insights into the initiation, regulation, and progression of DNA replication as well as a collection of thought provoking questions and summaries to direct future investigations.
Author :International Standing Committee on Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature Publisher :Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers ISBN 13 :3318022535 Total Pages :148 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (18 download)
Book Synopsis ISCN 2013 by : International Standing Committee on Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature
Download or read book ISCN 2013 written by International Standing Committee on Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2013 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication extends the now classic system of human cytogenetic nomenclature prepared by an expert committee and published in collaboration with Cytogenetic and Genome Research' since 1963. Revised and finalized by the ISCN Committee and its advisors at a meeting in Seattle, Wash., in April 2012, the ISCN 2013 updates, revises and incorporates all previous human cytogenetic nomenclature recommendations into one systematically organized publication that supersedes all previous ISCN recommendations. There are several new features in ISCN 2013: an update of the microarray nomenclature, many more illustrative examples of uses of nomenclature in all sections some definitions including chromothripsis and duplication a new chapter for nomenclature that can be used for any region-specific assay. The ISCN 2013 is an indispensable reference volume for human cytogeneticists, technicians and students for the interpretation and communication of human cytogenetic nomenclature.
Book Synopsis Epigenetic Alterations in Oncogenesis by : Adam R. Karpf
Download or read book Epigenetic Alterations in Oncogenesis written by Adam R. Karpf and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-09-06 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this book is to provide an up to date review of the nature and consequences of epigenetic changes in cancer. Epigenetics literally means “above” genetics, and consists of heritable gene expression or other phenotypic states not accounted for by DNA base sequence. Epigenetic changes are now known to make a large contribution to various aspects of tumorigenesis. These changes include alterations in global and promoter specific DNA methylation, activating and repressive histone modifications, and changes in higher order chromatin structures. Each of these topics will be covered in this book.
Book Synopsis Ubiquitination Governing DNA Repair by : Effrossyni Boutou
Download or read book Ubiquitination Governing DNA Repair written by Effrossyni Boutou and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
