Novel Neuroimmune Interactions in the Context of Neuropathic Pain and Anti-inflammatory Modulation with Transforming Growth Factor-[beta]1

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (922 download)

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Book Synopsis Novel Neuroimmune Interactions in the Context of Neuropathic Pain and Anti-inflammatory Modulation with Transforming Growth Factor-[beta]1 by : Estefania Echeverry Castano

Download or read book Novel Neuroimmune Interactions in the Context of Neuropathic Pain and Anti-inflammatory Modulation with Transforming Growth Factor-[beta]1 written by Estefania Echeverry Castano and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Neuropathic pain is a debilitating problem affecting millions of people worldwide. This condition affects the quality of life and bears a substantial economic burden on society. Current drug treatments are often inadequate to treat this type of chronic pain, as they provide limited relief and are often accompanied with many undesired and difficult to manage side effects. It is imperative thus, to find new treatments that target alternative mechanisms from the currently approved drugs.The pathogenesis of neuropathic pain is very complex and involves structural, physiological and pharmacological changes throughout the neural axis (from the site of peripheral nerve injury to the spinal cord/brain). While a neuron-centric view has dominated the literature for decades and the way we approach neuropathic pain treatment, recent work has uncovered extensive neuroimmune interactions as substrates of this condition. Interactions between the immune and nervous systems occur at multiple levels, where different types of immune/glial cells and immune-derived substances are implicated in various stages of the pathogenesis. The four experimental chapters contained in this dissertation are in line with this recent recognition of the importance of neuroimmune mechanisms in neuropathic pain. In the work presented here, we sought to unravel novel neuroinflammatory mechanisms driving the aberrant pain condition in both the spinal cord and the peripheral nerve as well as to investigate the role of a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine, TGF-[beta]1, as a potential modulator of these mechanisms. Several important mechanisms have been observed: A) Modulation of the central and peripheral inflammatory reaction with TGF-[beta]1 significantly delays and attenuates mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia via immunosuppressive actions on glial cells (Chapter 2) and macrophages (Chapter 3). In the spinal cord TGF-[beta]1 inhibits microglial proliferation, astrocytic activation and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and exerts neuroprotective effects resulting in a decrease in the production of MCP-1. At the site of the injury, exposure to TGF-[beta]1 reduces the number of macrophages, which release pro-inflammatory mediators, and modulates different populations of T-cells. B) In chapter 4 we demonstrate that sciatic nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain is associated with an increased permeability of the blood spinal cord barrier (BSCB). We observed that the spinal inflammatory reaction triggered by nerve injury is a key player in modulating this BSCB impairment. We identified MCP-1 as an endogenous trigger of BSCB leakage, which could be reversed using anti-inflammatory molecules TGF-[beta]1 and IL-10. C) Selective depletion of microglia with MAC-1-saporin results in impairment of mechanical and thermal hypersensitivities at both acute and chronic stages following nerve injury suggesting an important and persistent contribution of microglia in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain. These results expand our understanding of the neuro-inflammatory mechanisms of neuropathic pain as well as propose that immunosuppression or blockade of the reciprocal signalling pathways between neuronal and non-neuronal cells offer new opportunities for disease modification and more successful management of pain. " --

Pain and Neuroimmune Interactions

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461542251
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

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Book Synopsis Pain and Neuroimmune Interactions by : Nayef E. Saadé

Download or read book Pain and Neuroimmune Interactions written by Nayef E. Saadé and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For those of us involved in research on the neural mechanisms that relate tissue damage to pain. it is becoming more evident that the sensation of pain and suffering could be considered as part of a mechanism that involves not only sizeable areas in the brain but also simultaneous activations of the immune and the endocrine systems as well. A consensus is growing among specialists in the field that pain involves the sharing of molecular mechanisms between the nervous, immune and endocrine systems that can interact at peripheral and, ultimately, central levels. Furthermore, chronic pain could then be looked upon as a corollary of the imbalance in the cross talk between these systems, which could lead to new treatment strategies. The aim of this book is not to deal with acute pain that serves as an alarm signal, but to attempt to explain the molecular mechanisms of chronic pains considered as a multifactorial syndrome or disease.

Cytokines and Pain

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3034887493
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (348 download)

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Book Synopsis Cytokines and Pain by : L.R. Watkins

Download or read book Cytokines and Pain written by L.R. Watkins and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-03-08 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Within the past few years, it has become recognized that the immune system communicates to the brain. Substances released from activated immune cells (cytokines) stimulate peripheral nerves, thereby signaling the brain and spinal cord that infection/inflammation has occurred. Additionally, peripheral infection/inflammation leads to de novo synthesis and release of cytokines within the brain and spinal cord. Thus, cytokines effect neural activation both peripherally and centrally. Through this communication pathway, cytokines such as interleukin-1, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor markedly alter brain function, physiology and behavior. One important but underrecognized aspect of this communication is the dramatic impact that immune activation has on pain modulation. The purpose of this book is to examine, for the first time, immune-to-brain communication from the viewpoint of its effect on pain processing. It is aimed both at the basic scientist and health care providers, in order to clarify the major role that substances released by immune cells play in pain modulation. This book contains chapters contributed by all of the major laboratories focused on understanding how cytokines modulate pain. These chapters provide a unique vantage point from which to examine this question, as the summarized work ranges from evolutionary approaches across diverse species, to the basics of the immune response, to the effect of cytokines on peripheral and central nervous system sites, to therapeutic potential in humans.

Temporomandibular Disorders

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309670489
Total Pages : 427 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis Temporomandibular Disorders by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Temporomandibular Disorders written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-07-01 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), are a set of more than 30 health disorders associated with both the temporomandibular joints and the muscles and tissues of the jaw. TMDs have a range of causes and often co-occur with a number of overlapping medical conditions, including headaches, fibromyalgia, back pain and irritable bowel syndrome. TMDs can be transient or long-lasting and may be associated with problems that range from an occasional click of the jaw to severe chronic pain involving the entire orofacial region. Everyday activities, including eating and talking, are often difficult for people with TMDs, and many of them suffer with severe chronic pain due to this condition. Common social activities that most people take for granted, such as smiling, laughing, and kissing, can become unbearable. This dysfunction and pain, and its associated suffering, take a terrible toll on affected individuals, their families, and their friends. Individuals with TMDs often feel stigmatized and invalidated in their experiences by their family, friends, and, often, the health care community. Misjudgments and a failure to understand the nature and depths of TMDs can have severe consequences - more pain and more suffering - for individuals, their families and our society. Temporomandibular Disorders: Priorities for Research and Care calls on a number of stakeholders - across medicine, dentistry, and other fields - to improve the health and well-being of individuals with a TMD. This report addresses the current state of knowledge regarding TMD research, education and training, safety and efficacy of clinical treatments of TMDs, and burden and costs associated with TMDs. The recommendations of Temporomandibular Disorders focus on the actions that many organizations and agencies should take to improve TMD research and care and improve the overall health and well-being of individuals with a TMD.

Enteric Glia

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Publisher : Biota Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1615046615
Total Pages : 72 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Enteric Glia by : Brian D. Gulbransen

Download or read book Enteric Glia written by Brian D. Gulbransen and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2014-07-01 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a complex neural network embedded in the gut wall that orchestrates the reflex behaviors of the intestine. The ENS is often referred to as the “little brain” in the gut because the ENS is more similar in size, complexity and autonomy to the central nervous system (CNS) than other components of the autonomic nervous system. Like the brain, the ENS is composed of neurons that are surrounded by glial cells. Enteric glia are a unique type of peripheral glia that are similar to astrocytes of the CNS. Yet enteric glial cells also differ from astrocytes in many important ways. The roles of enteric glial cell populations in the gut are beginning to come to light and recent evidence implicates enteric glia in almost every aspect of gastrointestinal physiology and pathophysiology. However, elucidating the exact mechanisms by which enteric glia influence gastrointestinal physiology and identifying how those roles are altered during gastrointestinal pathophysiology remain areas of intense research. The purpose of this e-book is to provide an introduction to enteric glial cells and to act as a resource for ongoing studies on this fascinating population of glia. Table of Contents: Introduction / A Historical Perspective on Enteric Glia / Enteric Glia: The Astroglia of the Gut / Molecular Composition of Enteric Glia / Development of Enteric Glia / Functional Roles of Enteric Glia / Enteric Glia and Disease Processes in the Gut / Concluding Remarks / References / Author Biography

Neuropathic Pain

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107470439
Total Pages : 385 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis Neuropathic Pain by : Cory Toth

Download or read book Neuropathic Pain written by Cory Toth and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-11-07 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Central or peripheral neuropathic pain can be caused by a wide range of injuries, infections and diseases such as: spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, stroke, herpes zoster, diabetes and cancer. Many of these pain syndromes are difficult to treat, representing a challenge for many neurologists not routinely trained in pain management. Written by an international team of experts in the field, Neuropathic Pain: Causes, Management and Understanding gives readers an in-depth understanding of the multitude of conditions causing neuropathic pain. Epidemiology, clinical diagnosis, pathophysiology, outcome measurement and the best evidence-based management of individual and general neuropathic pain conditions are also described in depth. A unique chapter, written from a patient's viewpoint, gives new insight into how chronic neuropathic pain affects the lives of those patients with the condition. This book is essential reading for all pain specialists, neurologists, psychiatrists and anesthesiologists who wish to better understand their patients' neuropathic pain.

Sensing the Environment: Regulation of Local and Global Homeostasis by the Skin's Neuroendocrine System

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642196837
Total Pages : 128 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (421 download)

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Book Synopsis Sensing the Environment: Regulation of Local and Global Homeostasis by the Skin's Neuroendocrine System by : Andrzej T. Slominski

Download or read book Sensing the Environment: Regulation of Local and Global Homeostasis by the Skin's Neuroendocrine System written by Andrzej T. Slominski and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-06-02 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The skin, the body’s largest organ, is strategically located at the interface with the external environment where it detects, integrates and responds to a diverse range of stressors, including solar radiation. It has already been established that the skin is an important peripheral neuroendocrine-immune organ that is closely networked with central regulatory systems. These capabilities contribute to the maintenance of peripheral homeostasis. Specifically, epidermal and dermal cells produce and respond to classical stress neurotransmitters, neuropeptides and hormones, production which is stimulated by ultraviolet radiation (UVR), biological factors (infectious and non-infectious) and other physical and chemical agents. Examples of local biologically active products are cytokines, biogenic amines (catecholamines, histamine, serotonin and N-acetyl-serotonin), melatonin, acetylocholine, neuropeptides including pituitary (proopiomelanocortin-derived ACTH, b-endorphin or MSH peptides, thyroid stimulating hormone) and hypothalamic (corticotropin-releasing factor and related urocortins, thyroid-releasing hormone) hormones, as well as enkephalins and dynorphins, thyroid hormones, steroids (glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, sex hormones, 7-δ steroids), secosteroids, opioids and endocannabinoids. The production of these molecules is hierarchical, organized along the algorithms of classical neuroendocrine axes such as the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis (HPA), hypothalamic-thyroid axis (HPT), serotoninergic, melatoninergic, catecholaminergic, cholinergic, steroid/secosteroidogenic, opioid and endocannabinoid systems. Disruptions of these axes or of communication between them may lead to skin and/or systemic diseases. These local neuroendocrine networks also serve to limit the effect of noxious environmental agents to preserve local and consequently global homeostasis. Moreover, the skin-derived factors/systems can also activate cutaneous nerve endings to alert the brain to changes in the epidermal or dermal environments, or alternatively to activate other coordinating centers by direct (spinal cord) neurotransmission without brain involvement. Furthermore, rapid and reciprocal communications between epidermal and dermal and adnexal compartments are also mediated by neurotransmission including antidromic modes of conduction. Lastly, skin cells and the skin as an organ coordinate and/or regulate not only peripheral but also global homeostasis.

Immunopharmacology

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387779760
Total Pages : 275 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (877 download)

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Book Synopsis Immunopharmacology by : Manzoor M. Khan

Download or read book Immunopharmacology written by Manzoor M. Khan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-19 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past decades, with the introduction of the recombinant DNA, hybridoma and transgenic technologies there has been an exponential evolution in understanding the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of a large number of human diseases. The technologies are evident with the development of cytokines and monoclonal antibodies as therapeutic agents and the techniques used in gene therapy. Immunopharmacology is that area of biomedical sciences where immunology, pharmacology and pathology overlap. It concerns the pharmacological approach to the immune response in physiological as well as pathological events. This goals and objectives of this textbook are to emphasize the developments in immunology and pharmacology as they relate to the modulation of immune response. The information includes the pharmacology of cytokines, monoclonal antibodies, mechanism of action of immune-suppressive agents and their relevance in tissue transplantation, therapeutic strategies for the treatment of AIDS and the techniques employed in gene therapy. The book is intended for health care professional students and graduate students in pharmacology and immunology.

Neuroinflammation in Stroke

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3662054264
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Neuroinflammation in Stroke by : Ulrich Dirnagl

Download or read book Neuroinflammation in Stroke written by Ulrich Dirnagl and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The successful treatment of acute stroke remains one of the major challenges in clinical medicine. Over the last decades, the understanding of stroke pathophysiology has greatly improved, while the therapeutic options in stroke therapy remain very limited. Today, hyperacute mechanisms of damage, such as excitotoxicity, can be discriminated from delayed ones, such as inflammation and apoptosis. Targeting of inflammation has already been successfully applied in various stroke models, but translation into a clinically efficacious strategy has not been achieved so far. In this book, leading experts in basic cerebrovascular research as well as stroke treatment review the current evidence for and against an important role for inflammation in stroke, and explore the potential of treating or modulating inflammation in stroke therapy.

Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319286099
Total Pages : 345 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (192 download)

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Book Synopsis Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology by : Cris S. Constantinescu

Download or read book Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology written by Cris S. Constantinescu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-24 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses important issues regarding the interaction between the nervous system, the immune system, and the digestive system. Gut flora has a profound influence on the shaping of the immune response, not only in the gastrointestinal system but also in the nervous system. Fascinatingly, manipulation of intestinal immune responses can be used to modulate neurological disease. Conversely, the nervous system and the psyche have significant effects on the functioning of the gut and liver. After introductory chapters on the neurology, the immunology and microbiology of the gut, the effects of the gut immune system and gut flora and its manipulation on neurological disease are discussed, followed by molecular mimicry and immune tolerance in neuroimmune diseases. Additionally, several chapters deal with gastrointestinal manifestations of neurological diseases. Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology is aimed at neurologists, gastroenterologists, and immunologists.

Essentials of Interventional Cancer Pain Management

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319996843
Total Pages : 530 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (199 download)

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Book Synopsis Essentials of Interventional Cancer Pain Management by : Amitabh Gulati

Download or read book Essentials of Interventional Cancer Pain Management written by Amitabh Gulati and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-28 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text provides a comprehensive review and expertise on various interventional cancer pain procedures. The first part of the text addresses the lack of consistency seen in the literature regarding interventional treatment options for specific cancer pain syndromes. Initially, it discusses primary cancer and treatment-related cancer pain syndromes that physicians may encounter when managing cancer patients. The implementation of paradigms that can be used in treating specific groups of cancer such as breast cancer, follows. The remainder of the text delves into a more common approach to addressing interventional cancer pain medicine. After discussing interventional options that are commonly employed by physicians, the text investigates how surgeons may address some of the more severe pain syndromes, and covers the most important interventional available for our patients, intrathecal drug delivery. Chapters also cover radiologic options in targeted neurolysis and ablative techniques, specifically for bone metastasis, rehabilitation to address patients’ quality of life and function, and integrative and psychological therapies. Essentials of Interventional Cancer Pain Management globally assesses and addresses patients’ needs throughout the cancer journey. Written by experts in the field, and packed with copious tables, figures, and flow charts, this book is a must-have for pain physicians, residents, and fellows.

The Diabetic Foot

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781468496772
Total Pages : 496 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (967 download)

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Book Synopsis The Diabetic Foot by : Aristidis Veves

Download or read book The Diabetic Foot written by Aristidis Veves and published by . This book was released on 2014-01-15 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Hostage Brain

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Publisher : Rockefeller Univ. Press
ISBN 13 : 9780874700565
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (5 download)

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Book Synopsis The Hostage Brain by : Bruce S. McEwen

Download or read book The Hostage Brain written by Bruce S. McEwen and published by Rockefeller Univ. Press. This book was released on 1994 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Colonic Motility

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Publisher : Biota Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1615041516
Total Pages : 159 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Colonic Motility by : Sushil K. Sarna

Download or read book Colonic Motility written by Sushil K. Sarna and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2010-11-01 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three distinct types of contractions perform colonic motility functions. Rhythmic phasic contractions (RPCs) cause slow net distal propulsion with extensive mixing/turning over. Infrequently occurring giant migrating contractions (GMCs) produce mass movements. Tonic contractions aid RPCs in their motor function. The spatiotemporal patterns of these contractions differ markedly. The amplitude and distance of propagation of a GMC are several-fold larger than those of an RPC. The enteric neurons and smooth muscle cells are the core regulators of all three types of contractions. The regulation of contractions by these mechanisms is modifiable by extrinsic factors: CNS, autonomic neurons, hormones, inflammatory mediators, and stress mediators. Only the GMCs produce descending inhibition, which accommodates the large bolus being propelled without increasing muscle tone. The strong compression of the colon wall generates afferent signals that are below nociceptive threshold in healthy subjects. However, these signals become nociceptive; if the amplitudes of GMCs increase, afferent nerves become hypersensitive, or descending inhibition is impaired. The GMCs also provide the force for rapid propulsion of feces and descending inhibition to relax the internal anal sphincter during defecation. The dysregulation of GMCs is a major factor in colonic motility disorders: irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and diverticular disease (DD). Frequent mass movements by GMCs cause diarrhea in diarrhea predominant IBS, IBD, and DD, while a decrease in the frequency of GMCs causes constipation. The GMCs generate the afferent signals for intermittent short-lived episodes of abdominal cramping in these disorders. Epigenetic dysregulation due to adverse events in early life is one of the major factors in generating the symptoms of IBS in adulthood.

Mechanisms of Neuroinflammation

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Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9535134515
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (351 download)

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Book Synopsis Mechanisms of Neuroinflammation by : Gonzalo Emiliano Aranda Abreu

Download or read book Mechanisms of Neuroinflammation written by Gonzalo Emiliano Aranda Abreu and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-08-23 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Mechanisms of Neuroinflammation" book explains how the neuronal cells become swollen at the moment of the blood-brain barrier disruption and how they lose their immunological isolation. A cascade of cytokines and immune cells from the bloodstream enters the nervous system, inflaming neurons and activating the glia. This produces a neuroinflammatory process that can generate different neurodegenerative diseases. Better understanding of mechanisms that are activated at the time when the damage to the brain occurs could lead to the development of suitable therapies that revert the neuronal inflammation and thus prevent further damage to the nervous system.

Encyclopedia of Inflammatory Diseases

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Publisher : Birkhäuser
ISBN 13 : 9783764385309
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (853 download)

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Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Inflammatory Diseases by :

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Inflammatory Diseases written by and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2016-09-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inflammation has become one of the most exciting and rewarding areas of medical research. Recent years have seen a revolution in our understanding of how blood and tissue cells interact and of the intracellular mechanisms controlling their activation. This has revealed the underlying inflammatory pathology of many diseases and provided multiple new targets for anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory therapy. The Encyclopedia of Inflammatory Diseases will cover the following areas: Inflammatory Processes and Cells Inflammatory Diseases Mediators of Inflammation Pharmacology of Inflammation Since inflammatory diseases and their therapy cover a broad range of scientific and medical fields, the encyclopedia will be co-edited by four international experts, a clinician and three researchers from the disciplines of immunology, biochemistry, and pharmacology, in this way providing students, basic and clinical scientists and practitioners in academia, hospitals and industry with valuable interlinked information. This living project will serve as a reliable and comprehensive data pool for everybody working in inflammation research. Owing to its dynamic nature, it will grow with time and future editions, becoming an indispensible source of information for academia, clinical practitioners and industry.

Role of the Mediterranean Diet in the Brain and Neurodegenerative Diseases

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Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128119608
Total Pages : 485 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Role of the Mediterranean Diet in the Brain and Neurodegenerative Diseases by : Tahira Farooqui

Download or read book Role of the Mediterranean Diet in the Brain and Neurodegenerative Diseases written by Tahira Farooqui and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-10-24 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Role of the Mediterranean Diet in the Brain and Neurodegenerative Disease provides a comprehensive overview of the effects of all components of the Mediterranean diet on the brain, along with its beneficial effects in neurodegenerative diseases. It covers topics on neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer disease (AD), Parkinson disease, (PD) Huntington disease (HD) and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), also providing information on how cardiovascular disease, Type 2 Diabetes, and Metabolic Syndrome become risk factors for neurodegenerative diseases. This book focuses on how the Mediterranean diet suppresses oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases as well as signal transduction. The Mediterranean diet is characterized by the abundant consumption of olive oil, high consumption of plant foods (fruits, vegetables, pulses, cereals, nuts and seeds); frequent and moderate intake of wine (mainly with meals); moderate consumption of fish, seafood, yogurt, cheese, poultry and eggs; and low consumption of red meat and processed meat products. High consumption of dietary fiber, low glycemic index and glycemic load, anti-inflammatory effects, and antioxidant compounds may act together to produce favorable effects on health status. Collective evidence suggests that Mediterranean diet not only increases longevity by lowering cardiovascular disease, inhibiting cancer growth, but also by protecting the body from age-dependent cognitive decline. Comprehensively provides an overview of the effects of the Mediterranean diet on the brain and its beneficial effects in neurodegenerative diseases Discusses the relationship among Type 2 Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Alzheimer's Disease, and the effect of the Mediterranean diet on normal aging, longevity, and other neurodegenerative diseases Focuses on how the Mediterranean diet suppresses oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative disease