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Nineteenth Century Origins Of Neuroscientific Concepts
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Book Synopsis Nineteenth-Century Origins of Neuroscientific Concepts by : Edwin Clarke
Download or read book Nineteenth-Century Origins of Neuroscientific Concepts written by Edwin Clarke and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 1987 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book traces the seminal ideas that emerged in the first half of the nineteenth century, when the fundamental concepts of modern neurophysiology and anatomy were formulated in a period of unprecedented scientific discovery.
Book Synopsis Newton’s Sensorium: Anatomy of a Concept by : Jamie C. Kassler
Download or read book Newton’s Sensorium: Anatomy of a Concept written by Jamie C. Kassler and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-05-08 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These chapters analyze texts from Isaac Newton’s work to shed new light on scientific understanding at his time. Newton used the concept of “sensorium” in writings intended for a public audience, in relation to both humans and God, but even today there is no consensus about the meaning of his term. The literal definition of the Latin term 'sensorium', or its English equivalent 'sensory', is 'thing that feels’ but this is a theoretical construct. The book takes readers on a process of discovery, through inquiry into both Newton’s concept and its underlying model. It begins with the human sensorium. This part of his concept is situated in the context of the aforesaid writings but also in the context of the writings of two of Newton's contemporaries, the physicians William Briggs and Thomas Willis, both of whom were at the forefront of their respective specialties of ophthalmology and neurology. Only once the human sensorium has been explored is it possible to generalize to the unobservable divine sensorium, because Newton's method of reasoning from experience requires that the second part of his concept is last in the order of knowledge. And the reason for this sequence is that his method, the short-hand term for which is 'analogy of nature', proceeds from that which has been observed to be universally true to that which is beyond the limits of observation. Consequently, generalization passes insensibly into reasoning by analogy. Readers will see how certain widespread assumptions can be called into question, such as that Newton was a theological voluntarist for whom the will is superior to the intellect, or that, for Newton, not only the world or universe but also God occupies the whole extent of infinite space. The insights afforded through this book will appeal to scholars of the philosophy of science, human physiology, philosophy of mind and epistemology, among others.
Book Synopsis Huxley's Church and Maxwell's Demon by : Matthew Stanley
Download or read book Huxley's Church and Maxwell's Demon written by Matthew Stanley and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2015 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the Victorian period science shifted from being practiced in a theistic context (integrating religious considerations and ideas) to a naturalistic context (explicitly forbidding religious matters). This book examines the foundations of that change. While it is generally thought that the transformation was due to the methodological superiority of naturalistic science, Matthew Stanley shows that most of the methodological values underlying scientific practice were virtually identical between the theists and the naturalists. Each agreed on the importance of the uniformity of natural laws, the use of hypothesis and theory, the moral value of science, and intellectual freedom. This was despite the claims by both groups that those fundamentals were intrinsic to their worldview, and completely incompatible with that of their opponents. Stanley goes on to argue that the victory of the scientific naturalists came from deliberate strategies executed over a generation to gain control of the institutions of scientific education and to re-imagine the history of their discipline. Rather than a sudden revolution, the similarity between theistic and naturalistic science allowed for a relatively smooth transition in practice from the old guard to the new. "Huxley's Church and Maxwell's Demon" explores this shift through a parallel study of two major scientific figures: James Clerk Maxwell, a devout Christian physicist, and Thomas Henry Huxley, the iconoclast biologist who coined the word agnostic. Both were deeply engaged in the methodological, institutional, and political issues that were crucial to the theistic-naturalistic transformation. The author s astute examination of the ascendance of scientific naturalism sheds new light on the controversies over science and religion in modern America. "
Book Synopsis Popular Fiction and Brain Science in the Late Nineteenth Century by : Anne Stiles
Download or read book Popular Fiction and Brain Science in the Late Nineteenth Century written by Anne Stiles and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-12-22 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the 1860s and 1870s, leading neurologists used animal experimentation to establish that discrete sections of the brain regulate specific mental and physical functions. These discoveries had immediate medical benefits: David Ferrier's detailed cortical maps, for example, saved lives by helping surgeons locate brain tumors and haemorrhages without first opening up the skull. These experiments both incited controversy and stimulated creative thought, because they challenged the possibility of an extra-corporeal soul. This book examines the cultural impact of neurological experiments on late-Victorian Gothic romances by Robert Louis Stevenson, Bram Stoker, H. G. Wells and others. Novels like Dracula and Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde expressed the deep-seated fears and visionary possibilities suggested by cerebral localization research, and offered a corrective to the linearity and objectivity of late Victorian neurology.
Book Synopsis The Routledge Research Companion to Nineteenth-Century British Literature and Science by : John Holmes
Download or read book The Routledge Research Companion to Nineteenth-Century British Literature and Science written by John Holmes and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2017-05-18 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tracing the continuities and trends in the complex relationship between literature and science in the long nineteenth century, this companion provides scholars with a comprehensive, authoritative and up-to-date foundation for research in this field. In intellectual, material and social terms, the transformation undergone by Western culture over the period was unprecedented. Many of these changes were grounded in the growth of science. Yet science was not a cultural monolith then any more than it is now, and its development was shaped by competing world views. To cover the full range of literary engagements with science in the nineteenth century, this companion consists of twenty-seven chapters by experts in the field, which explore crucial social and intellectual contexts for the interactions between literature and science, how science affected different genres of writing, and the importance of individual scientific disciplines and concepts within literary culture. Each chapter has its own extensive bibliography. The volume as a whole is rounded out with a synoptic introduction by the editors and an afterword by the eminent historian of nineteenth-century science Bernard Lightman.
Book Synopsis Physiognomy and the Meaning of Expression in Nineteenth-Century Culture by : Lucy Hartley
Download or read book Physiognomy and the Meaning of Expression in Nineteenth-Century Culture written by Lucy Hartley and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a 2001 study of the emergence of physiognomy as a form of popular science.
Book Synopsis Lamarckism and the Emergence of ‘Scientific’ Social Sciences in Nineteenth-Century Britain and France by : Snait B. Gissis
Download or read book Lamarckism and the Emergence of ‘Scientific’ Social Sciences in Nineteenth-Century Britain and France written by Snait B. Gissis and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Conceptual History of Psychology by : John D. Greenwood
Download or read book A Conceptual History of Psychology written by John D. Greenwood and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-08-25 with total page 573 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the new edition of this original and penetrating book, John D. Greenwood provides an in-depth analysis of the subtle conceptual continuities and discontinuities that inform the history of psychology from the speculations of the Ancient Greeks to contemporary cognitive psychology. He also demonstrates the fashion in which different conceptions of human and animal psychology and behavior have become associated and disassociated over the centuries. Moving easily among psychology, history of science, physiology, and philosophy, Greenwood provides a critically challenging account of the development of psychology as a science. He relates the remarkable stories of the intellectual pioneers of modern psychology, while exploring the social and political milieu in which they operated, and dispels many of the myths of the history of psychology, based upon the best historical scholarship of recent decades. This is an impressive overview that will appeal to scholars and graduate students of the history of psychology.
Download or read book Mania written by David Healy and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2008-06-23 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This provocative history of bipolar disorder illuminates how perceptions of illness, if not the illnesses themselves, are mutable over time. Beginning with the origins of the concept of mania—and the term maniac—in ancient Greek and Roman civilizations, renowned psychiatrist David Healy examines how concepts of mental afflictions evolved as scientific breakthroughs established connections between brain function and mental illness. Healy recounts the changing definitions of mania through the centuries, explores the effects of new terminology and growing public awareness of the disease on culture and society, and examines the rise of psychotropic treatments and pharmacological marketing over the past four decades. Along the way, Healy clears much of the confusion surrounding bipolar disorder even as he raises crucial questions about how, why, and by whom the disease is diagnosed. Drawing heavily on primary sources and supplemented with interviews and insight gained over Healy's long career, this lucid and engaging overview of mania sheds new light on one of humankind's most vexing ailments.
Book Synopsis Marshall Hall (1790-1857) by : Diana E. Manuel
Download or read book Marshall Hall (1790-1857) written by Diana E. Manuel and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2020-01-29 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marshall Hall was trained as a physician in the early nineteenth century, scientifically oriented, University of Edinburgh Medical School. The son of a Methodist cotton manufacturer and bleacher at Nottingham, Hall believed that in science lay the future for progress in medicine. Following early work on diagnosis, on women's disorders and on blood-letting, Hall came to specialise in the nervous system and in particular on the concept of reflex action. For Hall, who proposed a mechanistic explanation of reflex action, Galenic animal spirits and souls in decapitated creatures were out. A superb experimentalist, Hall strove to establish experimental medicine (physiology) as the basis of the medical curriculum instead of anatomy, the long standing domain of the surgeons. They were among the strongest critics of Hall's vivisection procedures, despite his efforts to establish a Code of Practice. Hall was involved in several controversies within and without the Royal Society where he was victimised by its Physiological Committee. He addressed a range of social and public health issues including the abolition of slavery, and devised a new method of resuscitation and a more sensitive physiological test for strychnine detection. He also proposed plans for improving and linking sewage disposal and the transport system of the metropolis.
Book Synopsis Brain, Mind and Consciousness in the History of Neuroscience by : C.U.M. Smith
Download or read book Brain, Mind and Consciousness in the History of Neuroscience written by C.U.M. Smith and published by Springer Science & Business. This book was released on 2014-04-23 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume of essays examines the problem of mind, looking at how the problem has appeared to neuroscientists (in the widest sense) from classical antiquity through to contemporary times. Beginning with a look at ventricular neuropsychology in antiquity, this book goes on to look at Spinozan ideas on the links between mind and body, Thomas Willis and the foundation of Neurology, Hooke’s mechanical model of the mind and Joseph Priestley’s approach to the mind-body problem. The volume offers a chapter on the 19th century Ottoman perspective on western thinking. Further chapters trace the work of nineteenth century scholars including George Henry Lewes, Herbert Spencer and Emil du Bois-Reymond. The book covers significant work from the twentieth century, including an examination of Alfred North Whitehead and the history of consciousness, and particular attention is given to the development of quantum consciousness. Chapters on slavery and the self and the development of an understanding of Dualism bring this examination up to date on the latest 21st century work in the field. At the heart of this book is the matter of how we define the problem of consciousness itself: has there been any progress in our understanding of the working of mind and brain? This work at the interface between science and the humanities will appeal to experts from across many fields who wish to develop their understanding of the problem of consciousness, including scholars of Neuroscience, Behavioural Science and the History of Science.
Download or read book Inhibition written by Roger Smith and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2023-12-22 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In everyday parlance, "inhibition" suggests repression, tight control, the opposite of freedom. In medicine and psychotherapy the term is commonplace, its definition understood. Relating how inhibition—the word and the concept—became a bridge between society at large and the natural sciences of mind and brain, Smith constructs an engagingly original history of our view of ourselves. Not until the late nineteenth century did the term "inhibition" become common in English, connoting the dependency of reason and of civilization itself on the repression of "the beast within." This usage followed a century of Enlightenment thought about human nature and the nature of the human mind. Smith traces theories of inhibitory control from the moralistic psychologies of the early nineteenth century to the famous twentieth-century schools of Sherrington, Pavlov, and Freud. He finds that the meanings of "inhibition" cross disciplinary boundaries and outline the growth of our belief in the self-regulated person.
Book Synopsis Literature and Science in the Nineteenth Century by : Laura Otis
Download or read book Literature and Science in the Nineteenth Century written by Laura Otis and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2009-04-23 with total page 619 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This anthology brings together a generous selection of scientific and literary material to explore the exchanges and interactions between them. It shows how scientists and creative writers alike fed from a common imagination in their language, style, metaphors and imagery. It includes writing by Michael Faraday, Thomas Carlyle, Thomas Hardy, Charles Babbage, Charles Darwin, Louis Pasteur, Edgar Allan Poe, Mark Twain and many others.
Book Synopsis From Lesion to Metaphor by : Andrew Hodgkiss
Download or read book From Lesion to Metaphor written by Andrew Hodgkiss and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2016-08-22 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evidence of a nineteenth-century tradition of theoretical discussion about the relationship between chronic pain and pathological lesion, trauma, mood, memory and personality is brought together here for the first time. A wide range of medical texts is surveyed, including pathology, surgery, physiology, neurology, psychiatry and psychoanalysis. We see the medical gaze first penetrate the tissues of the body then extend to examine the language and mental state of the pain patient.
Book Synopsis The Human Brain and Spinal Cord by : Edwin Clarke
Download or read book The Human Brain and Spinal Cord written by Edwin Clarke and published by Norman Publishing. This book was released on 1996 with total page 1078 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Cursing Brain? The Histories of Tourette Syndrome by : Howard I. Kushner
Download or read book A Cursing Brain? The Histories of Tourette Syndrome written by Howard I. Kushner and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2009-06-30 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Cursing Brain? traces the problematic classification of Tourette syndrome through three distinct but overlapping stories: the claims of medical knowledge, patients' experiences, and cultural expectations and assumptions.
Book Synopsis Literary Neurophysiology by : Randall Knoper
Download or read book Literary Neurophysiology written by Randall Knoper and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Investigating the relations between American literature of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and the sciences of the brain and the nervous system, this volume shows how literary authors investigated, used and challenged this emerging neurophysiology.
