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Neuronal Polarity Establishment And Maintenance
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Book Synopsis Neuronal Polarity: Establishment and Maintenance by : Froylan Calderon de Anda
Download or read book Neuronal Polarity: Establishment and Maintenance written by Froylan Calderon de Anda and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-07-12 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The term polarity in a biological context is used to describe an asymmetry in morphology and distribution of molecules. In neurons, their complex shape with typically one axon and several dendrites reflects this asymmetry. Although neurons assume many different shapes and sizes they always maintain these two domains, which are essential for neuronal function. In the most simple view, neurons use their axon to transmit signals over long distances due to its capacity to extend to enormous lengths. Dendrites, on the other hand, are shorter and receive and integrate signals from different locations. The selection of the site where the axon and dendrites initially emerge during embryonic development is a tightly regulated event, eventually important for the correct formation of neuronal circuits, and disturbances of these processes can have pathological consequences due to circuit malformation. An important question is which mechanisms neurons utilize to specify the sites where axonal and dendrite outgrowth occurs and how their identities are maintained during and after development. The formation of these functionally diverse domains is the result of polarized differences of membrane and protein delivery, mitochondria transport, actin dynamics and microtubule stability. However how and in which temporal order all those events which coordinate the selection and maintenance of axons and dendrites is still under investigation. This selection of articles shall highlight new findings, which help to unravel all molecular and cellular events important for neuronal polarity establishment and maintenance.
Book Synopsis Neuronal Polarity: Establishment and Maintenance by :
Download or read book Neuronal Polarity: Establishment and Maintenance written by and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The term polarity in a biological context is used to describe an asymmetry in morphology and distribution of molecules. In neurons, their complex shape with typically one axon and several dendrites reflects this asymmetry. Although neurons assume many different shapes and sizes they always maintain these two domains, which are essential for neuronal function. In the most simple view, neurons use their axon to transmit signals over long distances due to its capacity to extend to enormous lengths. Dendrites, on the other hand, are shorter and receive and integrate signals from different locations. The selection of the site where the axon and dendrites initially emerge during embryonic development is a tightly regulated event, eventually important for the correct formation of neuronal circuits, and disturbances of these processes can have pathological consequences due to circuit malformation. An important question is which mechanisms neurons utilize to specify the sites where axonal and dendrite outgrowth occurs and how their identities are maintained during and after development. The formation of these functionally diverse domains is the result of polarized differences of membrane and protein delivery, mitochondria transport, actin dynamics and microtubule stability. However how and in which temporal order all those events which coordinate the selection and maintenance of axons and dendrites is still under investigation. This selection of articles shall highlight new findings, which help to unravel all molecular and cellular events important for neuronal polarity establishment and maintenance.
Book Synopsis Extracellular and Intracellular Signaling by : James D. Adams
Download or read book Extracellular and Intracellular Signaling written by James D. Adams and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2011 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intracellular cell signaling is a well understood process. However, extracellular signals such as hormones, adipokines, cytokines and neurotransmitters are just as important but have been largely ignored in other works. Aimed at medical professionals and pharmaceutical specialists, this book integrates extracellular and intracellular signalling processes and offers a fresh perspective on new drug targets.
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Neuroscience by : Marc D. Binder
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Neuroscience written by Marc D. Binder and published by Springer. This book was released on 2008-10-13 with total page 4398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 5000-page masterwork is literally the last word on the topic and will be an essential resource for many. Unique in its breadth and detail, this encyclopedia offers a comprehensive and highly readable guide to a complex and fast-expanding field. The five-volume reference work gathers more than 10,000 entries, including in-depth essays by internationally known experts, and short keynotes explaining essential terms and phrases. In addition, expert editors contribute detailed introductory chapters to each of 43 topic fields ranging from the fundamentals of neuroscience to fascinating developments in the new, inter-disciplinary fields of Computational Neuroscience and Neurophilosophy. Some 1,000 multi-color illustrations enhance and expand the writings.
Book Synopsis Cell Polarity in Development and Disease by : Douglas W Houston
Download or read book Cell Polarity in Development and Disease written by Douglas W Houston and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-11-14 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cell Polarity in Development and Disease offers insights into the basic molecular mechanisms of common diseases that arise as a result of a loss of ordered organization and intrinsic polarity. Included are diseases affecting highly polarized epithelial tissues in the lung and kidney, as well as loss and gain of cell polarity in the onset and progression of cancer. This book provides a basic resource for understanding the biology of polarity, offering a starting point for those thinking of targeting cell polarity for translational medical research. Provides basic science understanding of cell polarity disease and development Covers diseases affecting polarized epithelial tissues in the lung and kidney, also covering the progression of cancer Includes historical context of cell polarity research for potential future breakthroughs
Download or read book Cell Polarity 1 written by Klaus Ebnet and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-04 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work provides a state-of-the art overview on the most relevant aspects of cell polarity. Volume 1 addresses cell polarity and cell migration (front-rear polarity), cell polarity and barrier formation (apico-basal polarity) and neuronal polarity. It particularly focuses on cell polarity at the molecular level and the underlying molecular mechanisms. It also elaborates the common principles and mechanisms that regulate cellular polarization in different cell types and contexts. Both volumes are intended for professors, group leaders and researchers in cell biology as well as medical professionals in the fields of anatomy, cell biology, physiology, pathology and tumor biology.
Book Synopsis Comprehensive Developmental Neuroscience: Cellular Migration and Formation of Neuronal Connections by : K.C. Flynn
Download or read book Comprehensive Developmental Neuroscience: Cellular Migration and Formation of Neuronal Connections written by K.C. Flynn and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-05-06 with total page 1080 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Model Systems to Study the Mechanisms of Neural Development and Disease by : Parthiv Haldipur
Download or read book Model Systems to Study the Mechanisms of Neural Development and Disease written by Parthiv Haldipur and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Cellular Migration and Formation of Neuronal Connections by :
Download or read book Cellular Migration and Formation of Neuronal Connections written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-05-06 with total page 1081 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The genetic, molecular, and cellular mechanisms of neural development are essential for understanding evolution and disorders of neural systems. Recent advances in genetic, molecular, and cell biological methods have generated a massive increase in new information, but there is a paucity of comprehensive and up-to-date syntheses, references, and historical perspectives on this important subject. The Comprehensive Developmental Neuroscience series is designed to fill this gap, offering the most thorough coverage of this field on the market today and addressing all aspects of how the nervous system and its components develop. Particular attention is paid to the effects of abnormal development and on new psychiatric/neurological treatments being developed based on our increased understanding of developmental mechanisms. Each volume in the series consists of review style articles that average 15-20pp and feature numerous illustrations and full references. Volume 2 offers 56 high level articles devoted mainly to Formation of Axons and Dendrites, Migration, Synaptogenesis, Developmental Sequences in the Maturation of Intrinsic and Synapse Driven Patterns. Series offers 144 articles for 2904 full color pages addressing ways in which the nervous system and its components develop Features leading experts in various subfields as Section Editors and article Authors All articles peer reviewed by Section Editors to ensure accuracy, thoroughness, and scholarship Volume 2 sections include coverage of mechanisms which regulate: the formation of axons and dendrites, cell migration, synapse formation and maintenance during development, and neural activity, from cell-intrinsic maturation to early correlated patterns of activity
Book Synopsis Cellular Migration and Formation of Axons and Dendrites by : Bin Chen
Download or read book Cellular Migration and Formation of Axons and Dendrites written by Bin Chen and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-05-29 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cellular Migration and Formation of Neuronal Connections, Second Edition, the latest release in the Comprehensive Developmental Neuroscience series, presents the latest information on the genetic, molecular and cellular mechanisms of neural development. This book provides a much-needed update that underscores the latest research in this rapidly evolving field, with new section editors discussing the technological advances that are enabling the pursuit of new research on brain development. This volume focuses on the formation of axons and dendrites and cellular migration. Features leading experts in various subfields as section editors and article authors Presents articles that have been peer reviewed to ensure accuracy, thoroughness and scholarship Includes coverage of mechanisms which regulate the formation of axons and dendrites and cellular migration Covers neural activity, from cell-intrinsic maturation, to early correlated patterns of activity
Book Synopsis Neurological Functions of the Masterswitch Protein Kinase – GSK-3 by : Oksana Kaidanovich-Beilin
Download or read book Neurological Functions of the Masterswitch Protein Kinase – GSK-3 written by Oksana Kaidanovich-Beilin and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The functions of the brain that allow us to think, feel, move, and perceive the world are the result of an exchange of information within a network composed of millions of specialized cells called neurons and glia. Neurons use neurotransmitters and other extracellular messengers to communicate with each other, and to constantly update and re-organize their network of connections in a process known as neural plasticity. In order to respond to these extracellular signals, neurons are equipped with specialized receptors that can recognize a single neurotransmitter a bit like a lock would recognize a key. They do this by activating or inhibiting a class of specialized signaling proteins and second messengers. Typically, signaling proteins are themselves organized in networks or pathways in which they activate or inhibit each other in order to integrate the mass of information received by a single cell and to regulate the biological functions of this cell. As we can see, rather than simply being a network of neurons, the brain can be seen as a sort of “Russian doll” in which each neuron is at the same time a part of networks with other neurons and the receptacle of many networks composed of signaling proteins. Two individual genes encode two paralogous signaling proteins: Glycogen Synthase Kinase -3 alpha and beta (GSK-3a, GSK-3b), named for its ability to phosphorylate a key metabolic enzyme of glycogen synthesis, glycogen synthase. This unique “glamour and gloom” protein kinase, has been intriguing many researches for over 30 years by its unusual features, still unknown mechanisms of its activation, its regulation by multiple “key” intracellular pathways, and its capacity to influence the functions of many substrates. Since GSK-3 was discovered, there has been significant progress in elucidating its regulatory roles in the neuron and the structure and functions of the brain. Lithium has been used as a gold standard in the treatment of bipolar disorder for 60 years; and “GSK-3’s renaissance” in psychiatry began with the discovery of GSK-3 as lithium's intracellular target. Since then, GSK3 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of mood disorders, schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s disease, ADHD, multiple sclerosis, Fragile X syndrome and Huntington disease. Connections to these and other diseases has led over the last 10 years to the generation of multiple types of GSK-3 inhibitors as promising therapeutic treatments for the aforementioned pathological conditions. During last couple years new genetic models have been generated, including conventional and conditional mouse models, allowing the discovery of new roles of GSK-3 in the mechanism of neurotransmitter action, neurodevelopment, learning and memory formation, GSK-3’s gene - effect on mouse behavior, and other functions. Thus, GSK-3 has been well-established as an intracellular second messenger for several neurotransmitter systems, and as an important therapeutic target of mood stabilizers, antipsychotics and psychomimetic drugs. The proposed Specific Topic for Frontiers in Neuroscience will be focused on the latest advances from leading laboratories in this area, subdivided into 5 topics: (1) GSK-3 history, mechanism of regulation, substrate specificity and comparison between the brain function of two GSK-3 genes through new animal models and cell biology approaches; (2) role of GSK-3 in neurodevelopment and neuronal structure; (3) involvement of GSK-3 in synaptic functions, learning and memory, and in serotonin and dopamine pathways; (4) role of GSK-3 in neuroinflammation, and application to the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis, AD, schizophrenia, Fragile X, brain tumors, stroke and bipolar disorder; (5) development of GSK-3 inhibitors and their application in psychiatry, including special discussion about the mechanism of lithium action.
Book Synopsis Microtubule Dynamics by : Anne Straube
Download or read book Microtubule Dynamics written by Anne Straube and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2017-04-30 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microtubules are at the heart of cellular self-organization, and their dynamic nature allows them to explore the intracellular space and mediate the transport of cargoes from the nucleus to the outer edges of the cell and back. In Microtubule Dynamics: Methods and Protocols, experts in the field provide an up-to-date collection of methods and approaches that are used to investigate microtubule dynamics in vitro and in cells. Beginning with the question of how to analyze microtubule dynamics, the volume continues with detailed descriptions of how to isolate tubulin from different sources and with different posttranslational modifications, methods used to study microtubule dynamics and microtubule interactions in vitro, techniques to investigate the ultrastructure of microtubules and associated proteins, assays to study microtubule nucleation, turnover, and force production in cells, as well as approaches to isolate novel microtubule-associated proteins and their interacting proteins. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Definitive and practical, Microtubule Dynamics: Methods and Protocols provides the key protocols needed by novices and experts on how to perform a broad range of well-established and newly-emerging techniques in this vital field.
Book Synopsis Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 (GSK-3) and Its Inhibitors by : Ana Martinez
Download or read book Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 (GSK-3) and Its Inhibitors written by Ana Martinez and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-11-17 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many researchers believe that GSK-3 and its inhibitors could lead to effective treatments for neurogenerative disorders, type II diabetes, depression and bipolar disorder, and some forms of cancer. This book provides a thorough introduction to GSK-3, presents up-to-date information, and mentions the birth of several chemical families of GSK-3 inhibitors with varying selectivity. It’s a great reference for researchers in drug design and development.
Download or read book The Cytoskeleton written by James Spudich and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis RNA at a breaking point? cytoplasmic cleavage and other post-transcriptional RNA processing in neurodevelopment and disease by : Catia Andreassi
Download or read book RNA at a breaking point? cytoplasmic cleavage and other post-transcriptional RNA processing in neurodevelopment and disease written by Catia Andreassi and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-06-29 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis In vivo Cell Biology of Cerebral Cortical Development and Its Related Neurological Disorders: Cellular Insights into Neurogenesis and Neuronal Migration by : Takeshi Kawauchi
Download or read book In vivo Cell Biology of Cerebral Cortical Development and Its Related Neurological Disorders: Cellular Insights into Neurogenesis and Neuronal Migration written by Takeshi Kawauchi and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-09-21 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The brain consists of a complex but precisely organized neural network, which provides the structural basis of higher order functions. Such a complex structure originates from a simple pseudostratified neuroepithelium. During the developing mammalian cerebral cortex, a cohort of neural progenitors, located near the ventricle, differentiates into neurons and exhibits multi-step modes of migration toward the pial surface. Tight regulation of neurogenesis and neuronal migration is essential for the determination of the neuron number in adult brains and the proper positioning of excitatory and inhibitory neurons in a specific layer, respectively. In addition, defects in neurogenesis and neuronal migration can cause several neurological disorders, such as microcephaly, periventricular heterotopia and lissencephaly. Recent advances in genetic approaches to study the developing cerebral cortex, as well as the use of a number of novel techniques, particularly in vivo electroporation and time-lapse analyses using explant slice cultures, have significantly increased our understanding of cortical development. These novel techniques have allowed for cell biological analyses of cerebral cortical development in vivo or ex vivo, showing that many cellular events, including endocytosis, cell adhesion, microtubule and actin cytoskeletal regulation, neurotransmitter release, stress response, the consequence of cellular crowding (physical force), dynamics of transcription factors, midbody release and polarity transition are required for neurogenesis and/or neuronal migration. The aim of this research topic is to highlight molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying cerebral cortical development and its related neurological disorders from the cell biological point of views, such as cell division, cell-cycle regulation, cytoskeletal organization, cell adhesion and membrane trafficking. The topic has been organized into three chapters: 1) neurogenesis and cell fate determination, 2) neuronal migration and 3) cortical development-related neurological disorders. We hope that the results and discussions contributed by all authors in this research topic will be broadly useful for further advances in basic research, as well as improvements in the etiology and care of patients suffering from neurological and psychiatric disorders.
Book Synopsis Textbook of Neural Repair and Rehabilitation: Volume 1, Neural Repair and Plasticity by : Michael Selzer
Download or read book Textbook of Neural Repair and Rehabilitation: Volume 1, Neural Repair and Plasticity written by Michael Selzer and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-04-24 with total page 693 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In two freestanding volumes, the Textbook of Neural Repair and Rehabilitation provides comprehensive coverage of the science and practice of neurological rehabilitation. Revised throughout, bringing the book fully up to date, this volume, Neural Repair and Plasticity, covers the basic sciences relevant to recovery of function following injury to the nervous system, reviewing anatomical and physiological plasticity in the normal central nervous system, mechanisms of neuronal death, axonal regeneration, stem cell biology, and research strategies targeted at axon regeneration and neuron replacement. New chapters have been added covering pathophysiology and plasticity in cerebral palsy, stem cell therapies for brain disorders and neurotrophin repair of spinal cord damage, along with numerous others. Edited and written by leading international authorities, it is an essential resource for neuroscientists and provides a foundation for the work of clinical rehabilitation professionals.
